云丘山地区灌木群落优势种数量关系

以68个灌木样方的重要值矩阵和2×2列联表为基础,结合实地调查,应用方差比率法、χ2检验、Pearson相关系数及Spearman秩相关系数法,对云丘山地区灌木群落的20个优势种、190个种对的关联性进行了定量研究。方差比率法结果表明,20个优势种总体间关联为显著正相关,云丘山地区的灌木群落处于较稳定的状态;χ2检验、Pearson相关系数、Spearman秩相个关系数结果表明,大部分种对的种间关联未达到显著程度,种间联结较为松散,群落结构及其种类组成将逐渐趋于完善和稳定;根据这20个优势种对环境的适应方式和主导生态因素辅助以PCA排序,可将它们划分为两种生态种组。以上结果揭示了该地区主要优势物种与环境的相互关系。     

The fractional contributions of elementary modes to the metabolism of Escherichia coli and their estimation from reaction entropies

The metabolism of a cell can be viewed as a weighted sum of elementary modes. Due to the multiplicity of modes the identification of the individual weights represents a non-trivial problem. To enable the determination of weighting factors we have identified and implemented two gene deletions in combination with defined growth conditions that limit the metabolism from 4374 original elementary modes to 24 elementary modes for a non-PHB synthesizing control and 40 modes for a PHB synthesizing strain. These remaining modes can be further grouped into five families that have the same overall stoichiometry. Thus, the complexity of the problem is significantly reduced, and weighting factors for each family of modes could be determined from the measurement of accumulation rates of metabolites. Moreover, it is shown that individual weights are inversely correlated with the entropy generated by the operation of the used pathways defined in elementary modes. This suggests that evolution developed cellular regulatory patterns that permit diversity of pathways while favoring efficient pathways with low entropy generation. Furthermore, such correlation provides a rational way of estimating metabolic fluxes based on the thermodynamic properties of elementary modes. This is demonstrated with an example in which experimentally determined, intracellular fluxes are shown to be highly correlated with fluxes computed based on elementary modes and reaction entropies. The analysis suggests that the set of elementary modes can be interpreted analogous to a metabolic ensemble of quantum states of a macroscopic system.     

VicRK(YycFG)双组分调节系统

细菌双组分调节系统,或称之为双组分信号转导系统,是细菌感应外界多变环境,维持自身存活和生长繁衍的重要感应系统.在这些调节系统中,最早发现于枯草芽孢杆菌的VicRK(YycFG)系统因与细胞存活密切相关而倍受关注.该系统存在于少数低G+C含量的革兰氏阳性菌中,包括金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎链球菌等致病菌,高度保守.许多证据显示,VicRK(YycFG)具有调控细胞壁合成与代谢、胞膜完整、细胞分裂、脂类代谢、多糖合成与被膜形成以及细菌毒力等多种功能,参与细胞的生长、分裂与感染.该系统异常可导致细菌生活力严重下降,甚至死亡,因而成为防治该类病原菌的重要靶标.     

DDPH对低氧内皮细胞条件培养液诱导肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖及α-SM-actin表达的影响

目的探讨1-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯乙氨基)丙烷盐酸盐(DDPH)抑制低氧内皮细胞条件培养液(HECCM)诱导肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖及对α-SM-actin表达的影响.方法利用低氧内皮细胞条件培养液建立猪肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMC)的增殖模型;以四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色法、α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SM-actin)为指标,采用免疫细胞化学染色法观察低氧内皮细胞条件培养液对肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的影响以及DDPH对低氧内皮细胞条件培养液促肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖后的逆转效应.结果低氧内皮细胞条件培养液显著促进肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖,低氧内皮细胞条件培养液促肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖后,肺动脉平滑肌细胞的表型发生转化,由收缩表型转化为合成表型,肺动脉平滑肌细胞胞浆内的α-SM-actin含量下降;DDPH能显著抑制低氧内皮细胞条件培养液对肺动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖作用,并使肺动脉平滑肌细胞的表型发生逆转,即由合成表型逆转为具有执行正常收缩功能的收缩表型,肺动脉平滑肌细胞胞浆内的α-SM-actin含量回升.结论提示DDPH能显著抑制低氧内皮细胞条件培养液促肺动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖作用,其作用机制可能是通过肺动脉平滑肌细胞的表型发生逆转来实现的.     

MST1 promotes apoptosis through phosphorylation of histone H2AX

MST1 (mammalian STE20-like kinase 1) is a serine/threonine kinase that is cleaved and activated by caspases during apoptosis. Overexpression of MST1 induces apoptotic morphological changes such as chromatin condensation, but the mechanism is not clear. Here we show that MST1 induces apoptotic chromatin condensation through its phosphorylation of histone H2AX at Ser-139. During etoposide-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells, the cleavage of MST1 directly corresponded with strong H2AX phosphorylation. In vitro kinase assay results showed that MST1 strongly phosphorylates histone H2AX. Western blot and kinase assay results with a mutant S139A H2AX confirmed that MST1 phosphorylates H2AX at Ser-139. Direct binding of MST1 and H2AX can be detected when co-expressed in HEK293 cells and was also confirmed by an endogenous immunoprecipitation study. When overexpressed in HeLa cells, both the MST1 full-length protein and the MST1 kinase domain (MST1-NT), but not the kinase-negative mutant (MST1-NT-KN), could induce obvious endogenous histone H2AX phosphorylation. The caspase-3 inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-DEVD-fluoromethyl ketone (Z-DEVD-fmk) attenuates phosphorylation of H2AX by MST1 but cannot inhibit MST1-NT-induced histone H2AX phosphorylation, indicating that cleaved MST1 is responsible for H2AX phosphorylation during apoptosis. Histone H2AX phosphorylation and DNA fragmentation were suppressed in MST1 knockdown Jurkat cells after etoposide treatment. Taken together, our data indicated that H2AX is a substrate of MST1, which functions to induce apoptotic chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation.     

茶藨子叶孔菌子实体(忍冬)的化学成分研究(英文)

从茶藨子叶孔菌(忍冬)中分离了8个化合物,通过波谱法和理化性质分别鉴定为豆甾醇(1),二十八酸(2),β-谷甾醇(3),麦角甾醇(4),麦角甾醇过氧化物(5),壬二酸(6),烟酸(7),原儿茶酸(8)。化合物1,3,6均为首次从该属真菌中分到。     

森林生态系统年净初级生产力和生境复杂度对小型兽类物种多样性影响

本研究主要探讨黄龙自然保护区森林生态系统年净初级生产力水平和栖息地复杂程度对小型兽类物种多样性的影响。将调查区按海拔高度分为4 个调查点,每点的年净初级生产力水平各不相同,分别为: 24.9 MJ / (m²·a) ; 21.5 MJ / (m²·a) ; 17.5 MJ / (m²·a) 和14.1 MJ / (m²·a) 。在选择调查点时,同时考虑栖息地复杂程度,在生产力水平较高的调查点选择栖息地复杂程度较低的地点,而在生产力较低的调查点选择栖息地复杂程度较高的地点调查,以便分析森林生态系统年净初级生产力水平与栖息地复杂程度对小型兽类物种多样性的影响。采用鼠铗捕获小型兽类。结果表明,小型兽类物种多样性与森林生态系统年净初级生产力水平有密切关系,随着海拔升高,森林生态系统年净初级生产力的降低,所捕获的小型兽类生物量随之降低,其物种多样性也随之下降。小型兽类物种多样性也与栖息地复杂程度有关,森林生态系统年净初级生产力水平在一定范围内,大于17.5 MJ / (m²·a) ,栖息地复杂度的增加可以降低年净初级生产力水平对小型兽类物种多样性的影响。然而,森林生态系统年净初级生产力水平降低到一定程度时,小于14.1 MJ / (m²·a) ,生产力水平则为影响小型兽类物种多样性的主要因子。此外,小型兽类的生物量与森林生态系统年净初级生产力和栖息地复杂程度也有类似的关系。     

4.4 Å cryo-EM structure of an enveloped alphavirus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), a member of the membrane‐containing Alphavirus genus, is a human and equine pathogen, and has been developed as a biological weapon. Using electron cryo‐microscopy (cryo‐EM), we determined the structure of an attenuated vaccine strain, TC‐83, of VEEV to 4.4 Å resolution. Our density map clearly resolves regions (including E1, E2 transmembrane helices and cytoplasmic tails) that were missing in the crystal structures of domains of alphavirus subunits. These new features are implicated in the fusion, assembly and budding processes of alphaviruses. Furthermore, our map reveals the unexpected E3 protein, which is cleaved and generally thought to be absent in the mature VEEV. Our structural results suggest a mechanism for the initial stage of nucleocapsid core formation, and shed light on the virulence attenuation, host recognition and neutralizing activities of VEEV and other alphavirus pathogens.     

滇产薄荷的化学研究

研究了滇产３８个薄荷样品,测定了样品的得油率及化学成分。滇产薄荷的得油率在０．１８％￣０．５２％之间。从挥发油中鉴定出了１００多种化学成分,主要含醇、酮、酯、萜烯类化合物。栽培的家薄荷挥发油富含香芹酮、柠檬烯,其化学分类属于香芹酮系列。野生薄荷挥发油富含薄荷醇和薄荷酮,属于薄荷酮系列;部分野薄荷样品,富含香芹酮、环氧辣薄荷烯酮或芳樟醇,属于混合系列。     

基因扩增产物的固相杂交-酶联显色方法的建立

建立基于基因扩增技术的简便、快速的病毒核酸定量检测方法．将标记有生物素的寡核苷酸引物所扩增的病毒基因产物,与通过共价键结合在微孔反应板上的特异性探针进行快速杂交,然后通过辣根过氧化物酶标记的抗生物素进行酶联显色,读取光密度值．应用本方法对血清中乙型、丙型肝炎病毒核酸定量检测,灵敏度分别可达１－５拷贝／反应．此方法简便、快速、特异性好、敏感性高、半定量指标客观,可广泛应用于肝炎病毒感染的临床诊断和疗效评价．