喀斯特原生天坑植物群落空间格局特征——以云南沾益天坑为例

以云南沾益大毛寺原生天坑为例,获取坑内植物群落林木个体相对位置信息,进行角尺度、混交度、林层指数等林木空间结构参数与坑底植物群落空间格局分析,并运用点格局分析方法进行单个种群的空间分布特征以及不同种群间的空间关联性分析.结果表明: 大毛寺原生天坑坑底植物群落在空间分布上呈现随机分布,林木物种呈中度混交,林木垂直分层虽较简单,但结构稳定,具有发育成熟的顶极森林群落的空间分布特征;坑底植物群落的种群主要呈聚集分布,种群间呈负关联,且处于同一垂直层次上种群间空间负相关性更强,垂直层次相差越大,空间竞争性越小,而随着空间范围的增大,空间负关联越弱;坑内生态系统具有较高的稳定性,是难得的物种自然栖息地和生态避难所,独特生境中形成的稳定植物群落结构在喀斯特地区生态恢复研究中具有重要的借鉴意义和导向作用.     

亚麻外源基因遗传转化研究进展

亚麻作为重要的经济作物,其遗传转化研究对亚麻新品种的选育工作具有重要意义.分析亚麻遗传转化方法、提高转化效率及转化组织筛选等方面,重点从抗除草剂基因、抗病基因、抗重金属逆性基因、改善亚麻纤维质量基因,以及改善亚麻油质量基因方面综述亚麻遗传转化外源基因的研究和应用进展,并讨论亚麻遗传转化过程中存在的问题和解决策略.     

一个1B/1R小麦-黑麦染色体易位的鉴定

本研究对冬小麦品系73(36)9-1的1B/1R易位染色体进行了遗传分析。发现73(36)9-1有一对随体染色体,它的两个亲本矮丰四号及洛夫林10(Lovrin lo)分别有两对和一对随体染色体。观察用矮丰四号回交的F_1,绝大部分花粉母细胞的中期染色体都能正常配对,而用洛夫林10回交的,除了多数产生两个单价体之外,正常配对的情况也能经常看到。同时还发现,73(36)9-1和“中国春”双端体(CSDT)的1BL能很好地配对并形成一个棒状的异形二价体,而它和CSDT 1BS的染色体则主要产生20″+1′+t′的构型,从而证明易位发生在1B染色体的短臂,并且该易位的片段来自黑麦染色体1RL。本文还讨论了该易位发生的可能途径,推断是由于在F_1花粉母细胞中的两个单价体(一个是小麦染色体1B,一个是黑麦染色体1R)同时进行错分裂之后产生的两种端着丝点染色体(1BL和1RL)重新并合形成的,因而冬小麦73(36)9-1可能是一个自发产生的易位系。     

Endoplasmic reticulum stress activates telomerase

Telomerase contributes to cell proliferation and survival through both telomere‐dependent and telomere‐independent mechanisms. In this report, we discovered that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress transiently activates the catalytic components of telomerase (TERT) expression in human cancer cell lines and murine primary neural cells. Importantly, we show that depletion of hTERT sensitizes cells to undergo apoptosis under ER stress, whereas increased hTERT expression reduces ER stress‐induced cell death independent of catalytically active enzyme or DNA damage signaling. Our findings establish a functional link between ER stress and telomerase, both of which have important implications in the pathologies associated with aging and cancer.     

抗氧化酶过表达对趋磁螺菌MSR-1耐氧性的影响

在格瑞斯瓦尔德磁螺菌(Magnetospirillum gryphiswa ldense)MSR-1中分别过量表达3种抗氧化酶Fe-超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶HPII,并分析过量表达这3种酶对趋磁螺菌MSR-1耐氧性的影响。通过PCR分别扩增大肠杆菌DH5α的Fe-超氧化物歧化酶(sodB)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(btuE)、过氧化氢酶HPⅡ(katE)基因序列,将前两个片段分别连接到广宿主质粒pBBR1MCS-2上,后一个片段连接到广宿主质粒pBBR1MCS-5上,构建成表达质粒pBBR1MCS-sodB,pBBR1MCS-btuE和pBBR1MCS-katE,将3个质粒通过双亲接合转移的方法分别转入趋磁螺菌MSR-1。3种抗氧化酶过表达对趋磁螺菌MSR-1耐氧性影响的试验结果为过量表达Fe-超氧化物歧化酶对菌体生长影响不明显;过量表达谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶HPII使趋磁螺菌MSR-1致死。上述试验结果表明抗氧化酶系在菌体耐氧过程中的全局协调调控的重要性。     

Detection of bloom-forming dinoflagellates Karenia mikimotoi and Prorocentrum donghaiense using qPCR assays

Journal of Applied Phycology - The dinoflagellates Karenia mikimotoi and Prorocentrum donghaiense are both important causative species of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the East China Sea. The...     

A highly selective colorimetric and long‐wavelength fluorescent probe for the detection of Hg2+

Currently, the fluorescent probe is an important method for detecting heavy metal ions, especially mercury ion (Hg²⁺), which is harmful to the health of humans and the environment due to its toxicity and extensive use. In this paper, we designed and synthesized a colorimetric and long‐wavelength fluorescent probe Hg‐P with high sensitivity and excellent selectivity, which could detect Hg²⁺ by the changes of visual color, fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. With the addition of Hg²⁺ to probe Hg‐P solution, its color changed from yellow to pink, and showed a 171 nm red‐shifted absorption spectrum. Probe Hg‐P was used in real water and soil solution samples to detect Hg²⁺, and the result is satisfactory. Therefore, this new probe shows great value and application in detecting Hg²⁺ in the environment.     

Seasonal variation of microbial eukaryotic community composition in the large,shallow, subtropical Taihu Lake,China

Microbial eukaryotic community (0.8–20 μm) composition and its seasonal variation were investigated in large, shallow, subtropical Lake Taihu located in Southeast China. The water samples were collected monthly from August 2006 to July 2007 at two sites distantly located in Meiliang Bay and Lake Center, which differed strongly in their trophic status and sediment resuspension. The microbial eukaryotic community compositions (MECC) were measured using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified eukaryotic 18S rRNA gene fragments. Seasonal variations were related to environmental factors by means of redundancy analysis (RDA) in order to reveal the most important regulating factors. At both sites, the structures and Shannon–Wiener indices of the microbial eukaryotic communities displayed apparent seasonal variations, which were significantly related to environmental variables. There were significant intrahabitat differences in environmental factors regulating MECC, as well as in the seasonal dynamics of the two sites during the study period. At Meiliang Bay, the variations of total phosphorus concentration and cladocera abundance had the most profound impacts on the microbial eukaryotic community composition, while at Lake Center, the total nitrogen concentration and conductivity were most influential. Our results suggest that the DGGE method is a cost-effective way to analyze the seasonal dynamics of MECC and their interaction with environmental variables, which will provide new insights into the diversity and dynamics of MECC.     

侧脑室注射促甲状腺激素释放激素对大鼠睡眠—觉醒的影响

采用多导睡眠描记术研究了例脑室注射促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)对正常大鼠和去甲状腺大鼠睡眠-觉醒的影响。在正常大鼠,TRH引起觉醒增加,浅慢波睡眠(SWS_1)、深慢波睡眠(SWS_2)和总睡眠时间(TST)均减少,异相睡眠(PS)消失,SWS_1、SWS_2和PS的潜伏期均显著延长,给药后立即产生效应并在1h内达高峰。去甲状腺对大鼠的睡眠-觉醒无明显影响,注射TRH后引起的效应与正常大鼠相似。结果提示TRH有促进大鼠觉醒的作用,对各睡眠时相均有抑制作用,其作用部位可能在下丘脑以外的中枢结构。     

Isotope partitioning in the adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate dependent protein kinase reaction indicates a steady-state random kinetic mechanism

Isotope partitioning beginning with the binary E.MgATP and E.N-acetyl-Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly (Ser-peptide) complexes indicates that the kinetic mechanism for the adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate dependent protein kinase is steady-state random. A total of 100% of the initial radioactive E.MgATP complex is trapped as phospho-Ser-peptide at infinite Ser-peptide concentration at both low and high concentration of uncomplexed Mg2+, suggesting that the off-rate of MgATP from the E.MgATP.Ser-peptide complex is slow relative to the catalytic steps. Km for Ser-peptide in the trapping reaction decreases from 17 microM at low Mg2+ to 2 microM at high Mg2+, indicating that Mg2+ decreases the off-rate for MgATP from the E.MgATP complex. A total of 100% of the radioactive E.Ser-peptide complex is trapped as phospho-Ser-peptide at low Mg2+, but only 40% is trapped at high Mg2+ in the presence of an infinite concentration of MgATP, suggesting that the off-rate for Ser-peptide from the central complex is much less than catalysis at low but not at high Mg2+. In support of this finding, the Ki for Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ala-Leu-Gly (Ala-peptide) increases from 0.27 mM at low Mg2+ to 2.4 mM at high Mg2+. No trapping was observed at either high or low Mg2+ for the E.MgADP complex up to a phospho-Ser-peptide concentration of 5 mM. Thus, it is likely that in the slow-reaction direction the kinetic mechanism is rapid equilibrium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)