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91.
Medici MC Arcangeletti MC Rossi GA Lanari M Merolla R Paparatti UD Chezzi C;Osservatorio VRS Study Group 《The new microbiologica》2006,29(1):35-43
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a frequent cause of hospital admission in young children and high risk babies such as premature newborns, or babies with underlying cardiac or pulmonary disease, or immunodeficiency. Outbreaks occur most frequently in the cold season in areas with temperate and Mediterranean climates. Aim of the "Osservatorio VRS" Study was to describe the time-related pattern of RSV epidemics in Italy, across four consecutive epidemics, from 2000 to 2004. Nasal specimens for RSV detection were obtained and tested by an immunoenzymatic test. A total of 2110 children were tested for RSV determination, the rate of children with RSV infection was 21%, and that of children hospitalized for RSV disease was 49%. Considering the whole study period, the RSV epidemics started in October-November and ended in May, showing a peak incidence in February, with a median of 28.1% and a maximum of 48.9%. Analysis of monthly distribution of each year of the study showed a biennial trend for an earlier appearance. A different epidemiological pattern of the infection was observed among the three national areas. In conclusion, even though the mechanism governing RSV infection periodicity remains unknown, its awareness in the absence of an RSV surveillance system as in Italy, may be useful for scheduling RSV prophylaxis and for hospital resource management. 相似文献
92.
Giuseppe Penno Anna Solini Giacomo Zoppini Cecilia Fondelli Roberto Trevisan Monica Vedovato Gabriella Gruden Olga Lamacchia Antonio E. Pontiroli Maura Arosio Emanuela Orsi Giuseppe Pugliese for the Renal Insufficiency Cardiovascular Events Study Group 《PloS one》2015,10(5)
Objective
Atherogenic dyslipidemia seems to play a major role in microvascular complications and in residual microvascular risk after statin therapy, which reduces triglycerides up to 40%. We assessed whether raised TG levels are associated with an increased burden from microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods
Subjects from the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicentre Study (n=15,773) were divided in 4 groups depending on whether they had plasma triglycerides below (NTG, 67.8%) or above (HTG, 32.2%) 1.7 mmol/L and were (42.4%) or not on (57.6%) statin therapy. Estimated GFR (eGFR) was calculated from serum creatinine, albuminuria was measured by immunonephelometry or immunoturbidimetry, and retinopathy was evaluated by fundus examination.Results
HTG subjects, either with or without statin, had higher prevalence of albuminuria, reduced eGFR and chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially the albuminuric forms, but not of retinopathy, than NTG subjects. In contrast, cardiovascular disease and advanced DR were more prevalent in subjects on statin than in those not, independently of triglyceride levels. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that HTG, without or with statin, was independently associated with micro and macroalbuminuria, mildly to severely reduced eGFR, and all CKD phenotypes, but not with retinopathy. The adjusted odd ratios for CKD increased linearly for every 0.26 mmol/L increase (approximately one decile) in triglyceride levels. The increase was higher with increasing severity of albuminuria, eGFR loss and CKD phenotype as well as in subjects receiving than in those not receiving statin treatment.Conclusions
Triglycerides are associated with CKD, but not retinopathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes, independently of statin treatment. These data point to a possible role of hypertriglyceridemia in the development of CKD, though it remains to be demonstrated that diabetic individuals might benefit from triglyceride reduction with statins and eventually with combination therapy with fibrates.Trial Registration
www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00715481 相似文献93.
Sonia Fernández-Balbuena María José Belza Daniel Zulaica Jose Luis Martinez Henar Marcos Benet Rifá Arantxa Arrillaga Luis de la Fuente Juan Hoyos Working Group 《PloS one》2015,10(8)
Background and Objective
Spain has implemented several in-pharmacy HIV testing programmes performed by pharmacists as part of their everyday routine. We aim to assess the feasibility and the main outcomes of three programmes implemented in three Spanish regions with different sociological profiles and also different epidemiology for HIV.Methods
The characteristics of the 24151 people tested between 2009 and 2013 at 74 urban pharmacies are studied. We compare the main outcomes of the programmes with those of each Regional HIV Surveillance System (RHSS) assessing the contribution to the total new diagnosis in each region and if priority groups are being reached.Results
45.7% were heterosexual men (MSW), 14.4% men who have sex with men (MSM), and 27% women. The 35% were younger than 30 and 9.6% foreigners. The 52% were previously untested, and women were the most likely to be untested. The three programmes altogether diagnosed 226 people, resulting in a global prevalence of 0.9% (95%CI: 0.8–1.1); 3.4% in MSM (95%CI: 2.8–4.0). The prevalence among Spaniards was 0.8% (0.7–1.0) vs. 2.2 (1.6–2.9) among foreigners. The percentages of MSM diagnosed by all three programmes were higher than the one reported by their respective RHSS. Thirty four percent of the reactive MSM and the 71.4% of the reactive MSW did not have a previous HIV test although big testing history differences were observed across the programmes. Altogether, these services contributed with the 10.6% of all HIV diagnoses in these regions.Conclusions
In-pharmacy HIV testing programmes are a valuable testing option, having been able to uncover 1 out of 10 the new diagnoses reported in each region. They showed a good capacity of reaching and diagnosing previously untested populations, not only a priority population such as MSM but also heterosexual population who are more affected by delayed diagnosis. They seem to be particularly suitable for regions without large cities and specific HIV diagnostic services. 相似文献94.
Kieren J. Mather Qing Pan William C. Knowler Tohru Funahashi George A. Bray Richard Arakaki Bonita Falkner Kumar Sharma Barry J. Goldstein DPP Research Group 《PloS one》2015,10(8)
Background and Objectives
Molecular data suggests that adiponectin may directly regulate urinary albumin excretion. In the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) we measured adiponectin and albuminuria before and after intervention, and we previously reported increases in adiponectin with interventions. Here we have used the DPP dataset to test the hypothesis that treatment-related increases in adiponectin may reduce albuminuria in obesity.Design, Setting, Participants and Methods
We evaluated cross-sectional correlations between plasma adiponectin and urinary albumin excretion at baseline, and the relationship of treatment-related changes in adiponectin and albuminuria. Baseline and follow-up urine albumin to creatinine ratios (ACR (albumin to creatinine ratio)) and plasma adiponectin concentration were available in 2553 subjects.Results
Adjusting for age, sex and race/ethnicity, we observed a statistically significant but weak inverse relationship between adiponectin and ACR at baseline (conditional Spearman’s rho = (-) 0.04, p = 0.04). Although DPP treatments significantly increased plasma adiponectin, there were no treatment effects on ACR and no differences in ACR across treatment groups. There was a weak direct (not inverse) association between change in adiponectin and change in albuminuria (adjusted Spearman’s rho = (+) 0.04, p = 0.03).Conclusions
In a large, well-characterized cohort of obese dysglycemic subjects we observed a weak inverse association between circulating adiponectin concentrations and urinary albumin excretion at baseline. Contrary to the hypothesized effect, treatment-related increases in plasma adiponectin were not associated with a reduction in ACR. The association of change in adiponectin with change in ACR should be assessed in populations with overt albuminuria before excluding a beneficial effect of increasing adiponectin to reduce ACR in obesity. 相似文献95.
Tan BH Ross JA Kaasa S Skorpen F Fearon KC;European Palliative Care Research Collaborative 《Journal of genetics》2011,90(1):165-177
Cancer cachexia is a polygenic and complex syndrome. Genetic variations in regulation of the inflammatory response, muscle
and fat metabolic pathways, and pathways in appetite regulation are likely to contribute to the susceptibility or resistance
to developing cancer cachexia. A systematic search of Medline and EmBase databases, covering 1986–2008 was performed for potential
candidate genes/genetic polymorphisms relating to cancer cachexia. Related genes were then identified using pathway functional
analysis software. All candidate genes were reviewed for functional polymorphisms or clinically significant polymorphisms
associated with cachexia using the OMIM and GeneRIF databases. Genes with variants which had functional or clinical associations
with cachexia and replicated in at least one study were entered into pathway analysis software to reveal possible network
associations between genes. A total of 184 polymorphisms with functional or clinical relevance to cancer cachexia were identified
in 92 candidate genes. Of these, 42 polymorphisms (in 33 genes) were replicated in more than one study with 13 polymorphisms
found to influence two or more hallmarks of cachexia (i.e. inflammation, loss of fat mass and/or lean mass and reduced survival).
Thirty-three genes were found to be significantly interconnected in two major networks with four genes (ADIPOQ, IL6, NFKB1 and TLR4) interlinking both networks. Selection of candidate genes and polymorphisms is a key element of multigene study design. The
present study provides an initial framework to select genes/ polymorphisms for further study in cancer cachexia, and to develop
their potential as susceptibility biomarkers of developing cachexia. 相似文献
96.
Michael A. Baker Robert N. Taub Walter H. Carter the Toronto Leukemia Study Group 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1982,13(2):85-88
Summary Forty-eight patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia in remission were treated with immunotherapy in addition to remission-maintenance chemotherapy. The first 16 patients were treated with weekly BCG and a leukemia cell vaccine (group 1). The next 32 patients were randomly allocated to receive BCG and a leukemia cell vaccine given once monthly (group 2) or BCG given monthly with no leukemia cell vaccine (group 3). There was no significant difference in remission duration or survival between the randomly allocated groups (2 and 3).Comparisons with group 1 are limited by the non-random allocation to this group, but selection bias was unlikely and clinical features were similar in the three patient groups. No significant difference in remission duration or survival was seen amongst the three groups studied. There was no advantage in the addition of leukemia cell vaccine (groups 1 and 2) to BCG alone (group 3) and no advantage to weekly (group 1) versus monthly immunotherapy (groups 2 and 3). Only 7 of the 48 patients achieved a second remission, and 4 of these were short-term partial remissions.The following are contributing members of the Toronto Leukemia Study Group: Doctor's Hospital, Harvey Silver MD; Humber Memorial Hospital, Alan Seidenfeld MD; Mississauga Hospital, Michael King MD; Mount Sinai Hospital, Dominic Amato MD; Northwestern Hospital, Wilhelm Kwant MD; Oshawa General Hospital, Hak Chiu MD; St Michael's Hospital, Bernadette Garvey MD, Kenneth Butler MD; St Joseph's Hospital, H. James Watt MD, Murray Davidson MD; Toronto General Hospital, Gerald Scott MD, William Francombe MD, Kenneth Shumak MD; John Crookston MD, PhD; Toronto Western Hospital, James G. Watt MD, David Sutton MD; Michael Baker MD; Domenic Pantalony MD; Wellesley Hospital, Dale Dotten MD; Women's College Hospital, George Kutas MD; York Finch Hospital, Sam Berger MD 相似文献
97.
Hajo Grundmann David M. Aanensen Cees C. van den Wijngaard Brian G. Spratt Dag Harmsen Alexander W. Friedrich the European Staphylococcal Reference Laboratory Working Group? 《PLoS medicine》2010,7(1)
Background
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important human pathogens and methicillin-resistant variants (MRSAs) are a major cause of hospital and community-acquired infection. We aimed to map the geographic distribution of the dominant clones that cause invasive infections in Europe.Methods and Findings
In each country, staphylococcal reference laboratories secured the participation of a sufficient number of hospital laboratories to achieve national geo-demographic representation. Participating laboratories collected successive methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and MRSA isolates from patients with invasive S. aureus infection using an agreed protocol. All isolates were sent to the respective national reference laboratories and characterised by quality-controlled sequence typing of the variable region of the staphylococcal spa gene (spa typing), and data were uploaded to a central database. Relevant genetic and phenotypic information was assembled for interactive interrogation by a purpose-built Web-based mapping application. Between September 2006 and February 2007, 357 laboratories serving 450 hospitals in 26 countries collected 2,890 MSSA and MRSA isolates from patients with invasive S. aureus infection. A wide geographical distribution of spa types was found with some prevalent in all European countries. MSSA were more diverse than MRSA. Genetic diversity of MRSA differed considerably between countries with dominant MRSA spa types forming distinctive geographical clusters. We provide evidence that a network approach consisting of decentralised typing and visualisation of aggregated data using an interactive mapping tool can provide important information on the dynamics of MRSA populations such as early signalling of emerging strains, cross border spread, and importation by travel.Conclusions
In contrast to MSSA, MRSA spa types have a predominantly regional distribution in Europe. This finding is indicative of the selection and spread of a limited number of clones within health care networks, suggesting that control efforts aimed at interrupting the spread within and between health care institutions may not only be feasible but ultimately successful and should therefore be strongly encouraged. Please see later in the article for the Editors'' Summary 相似文献98.
On primary infection with the Bryan strain of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), the growth curve of the virus in the brain of Japanese quail was similar to that observed in chicks and turkey poults. Infectious virus disappeared from the brain after inoculation. After an eclipse period during which no virus was detectable, infectious virus began to appear at 2 days and reached maximal titers in the brain samples at 7 days after inoculation. When Japanese quail were infected intracerebrally with RSV, relatively high titers of virus were recovered from brain tissue but not from liver, lung, kidney, or blood of moribund birds. Only tumors produced in the wing web of quail infected subcutaneously yielded high titers of virus. Other tissues yielded no virus, even though wing web tumors appeared as early as in chicks similarly infected. RSV could be propagated in the wing web of quail for at least 14 passages without any loss of infectivity. On the other hand, serial passage in quail brain resulted in a progressive loss of infectivity until virus was completely lost. 相似文献
99.
S. S. Soedamah-Muthu J. M. Geleijnse E. J. Giltay J. de Goede L. M. Oude Griep E. Waterham A. M. Teitsma-Jansen B. J. M. Mulder M.-J. de Boer J. W. Deckers P. L. Zock D. Kromhout for the Alpha Omega Trial Group 《Netherlands heart journal》2012,20(3):102-109
Background
It is important to gain insight into opportunities for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to investigate levels and trends in cardiovascular risk factors and drug treatment in Dutch post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients between 2002 and 2006 and to make comparisons with the EUROASPIRE surveys (1999–2007).Methods
We analysed data from 4837 post-MI patients (aged 69 years, 78% men) from 32 Dutch hospitals, using baseline cross-sectional data from the Alpha Omega Trial.Results
Between 2002 and 2006, significant declines were found in the prevalence of smoking (23% to 16%, p < 0.001), hypercholesterolaemia (≥5 mmol/l; 54% to 27%, p < 0.0001) and hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg; 58% to 48%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of antithrombotic drugs was high (97%). The prevalence of lipid-modifying drugs and antihypertensives was high, and increased (74% to 90%, p < 0.0001 and 82% to 93%, p < 0.001, respectively). The prevalence of obesity (27%) was high in 2002 and decreased to 24% in 2006, albeit not significantly. Diabetes prevalence was high and increased between 2002 and 2006 (18% to 22%, p = 0.02). In comparison with EUROASPIRE patients, who were on average 8–10 years younger, our study in 2006 included patients with lower levels of obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes and lower use of antiplatelets and β-blockers, but similar levels of lipid-modifying drugs.Conclusions
This study showed that older Dutch post-MI patients were adequately treated with drugs, and that risk factors reached lower levels than in the younger EUROASPIRE patients. However, there is room for improvement in diet and lifestyle, given the high prevalence of smoking, obesity, and diabetes.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12471-012-0248-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献100.
Nabil Azhar Cordelia Ziraldo Derek Barclay David A. Rudnick Robert H. Squires Yoram Vodovotz for the Pediatric Acute Liver Failure Study Group 《PloS one》2013,8(11)