全文获取类型
收费全文 | 127335篇 |
免费 | 4454篇 |
国内免费 | 892篇 |
专业分类
132681篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 377篇 |
2019年 | 353篇 |
2018年 | 12158篇 |
2017年 | 10938篇 |
2016年 | 8015篇 |
2015年 | 1589篇 |
2014年 | 1380篇 |
2013年 | 1654篇 |
2012年 | 5891篇 |
2011年 | 14321篇 |
2010年 | 12956篇 |
2009年 | 9163篇 |
2008年 | 11146篇 |
2007年 | 12705篇 |
2006年 | 1577篇 |
2005年 | 1750篇 |
2004年 | 2195篇 |
2003年 | 2248篇 |
2002年 | 1902篇 |
2001年 | 1236篇 |
2000年 | 1121篇 |
1999年 | 881篇 |
1998年 | 517篇 |
1997年 | 463篇 |
1996年 | 430篇 |
1995年 | 387篇 |
1994年 | 377篇 |
1993年 | 410篇 |
1992年 | 747篇 |
1991年 | 712篇 |
1990年 | 667篇 |
1989年 | 702篇 |
1988年 | 613篇 |
1987年 | 644篇 |
1986年 | 511篇 |
1985年 | 594篇 |
1984年 | 520篇 |
1983年 | 431篇 |
1982年 | 441篇 |
1981年 | 394篇 |
1980年 | 356篇 |
1979年 | 458篇 |
1978年 | 404篇 |
1977年 | 363篇 |
1976年 | 329篇 |
1975年 | 357篇 |
1974年 | 413篇 |
1973年 | 380篇 |
1972年 | 566篇 |
1971年 | 569篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
131.
J Smith 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1991,302(6777):641-645
132.
The amino-terminal domain of the large subunit of herpes simplex virus type 2 ribonucleotide reductase (ICP10) contains a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that has characteristics of a growth factor receptor (Chung, T. D., Wymer, J. P., Smith, C. C., Kulka, M., and Aurelian, L. (1989) J. Virol. 63, 3389-3398; Chung, T. D., Wymer, J. P., Kulka, M. Smith, C. C., and Aurelian, L. (1990) Virology 179, 168-178). To characterize this protein kinase (PK) domain further we constructed a bacterial expression vector (pJL11) containing DNA sequences encoding ICP10 amino acid residues 1-445. Bacteria containing pJL11 were induced to express a 29-kDa protein (designated pp29la1) that represents a truncated portion of the ICP10-PK domain (includes PK catalytic motifs I-V) as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation with antibodies that recognize different antigenic domains, competition studies with extracts of ICP10-positive eukaryotic cells, and peptide mapping.pp29la1 has autophosphorylating and transphosphorylating activity for calmodulin. The enzyme is activated by Mn2+ but not by Mg2+ ions, and autophosphorylation is inhibited by histone. It differs from the authentic ICP10-PK in that phosphorylation is specific only for threonine. 相似文献
133.
G E Webley M C Richardson C A Smith G M Masson J P Hearn 《Journal of reproduction and fertility》1990,90(2):427-437
The size distribution of marmoset luteal cells was determined on Days 6, 14 and 20 after ovulation in non-pregnant cycles and in early pregnancy. Image analysis was used to estimate the cell diameter of dispersed cells prepared from the marmoset corpus luteum (CL). Steroidogenic cells showed a size distribution consistent with one population of cells. There was a significant increase in mean cell diameter (P less than 0.05) from Day 6 to Day 14 in pregnant and non-pregnant animals with no further increase on Day 20. Micrographs of marmoset luteal tissue showed cells of greater than 10 micron containing the organelles typical of steroid-producing cells, and smaller non-steroidogenic cells surrounding the steroid-producing cells. On the basis of microscopy, there were no areas within the CL where cell composition was noticeably different. In contrast, micrographs of human luteal tissue showed two types of steroidogenic cell; most cells were similar to those in the marmoset CL but a smaller population of smaller cells could be distinguished around the periphery and along vascular septa. It is likely that these smaller and larger types of steroidogenic cells are of theca and granulosa cell origin respectively, the two cell populations differing in the degree of electron density and amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum. A distinguishing feature between marmoset and human luteal cells was the shape of the mitochondrian which were considerably rounder in marmoset luteal cells. The origin of steroidogenic cells in the marmoset CL is unclear, although in marmosets and man the luteal cell types display morphological characteristics distinct from the large and small luteal cells described for CL of the domestic ungulates. 相似文献
134.
Long-term assessments of species assemblages are valuable tools for detecting species ecological preferences and their dispersal
tracks, as well as for assessing the possible effects of alien species on native communities. Here we report a 50-year-long
study on population dynamics of the four species of land flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Terricola) that have colonized
or become extinct in a 70-year-old Atlantic Forest regrowth remnant through the period 1955–2006. On the one hand, the two
initially most abundant species, which are native to the study site, Notogynaphallia
ernesti and Geoplana multicolor have declined over decades and at present do not exist in the forest remnant. The extinction of these species is most likely
related with their preference for open vegetation areas, which presently do not exist in the forest remnant. On the other
hand, the neotropical Geoplaninae 1 and the exotic Endeavouria septemlineata were detected in the forest only very recently. The long-term study allowed us to conclude that Geoplaninae 1 was introduced
into the study area, although it is only known from the study site. Endeavouria septemlineata, an active predator of the exotic giant African snail, is originally known from Hawaii. This land flatworm species was observed
repeatedly in Brazilian anthropogenic areas, and this is the first report of the species in relatively well preserved native
forest, which may be evidence of an ongoing adaptive process. Monitoring of its geographic spread and its ecological role
would be a good practice for preventing potential damaging effects, since it also feeds on native mollusk fauna, as we observed
in lab conditions.
Júlio Pedroni: Granted by CNPQ–Brazil. 相似文献
135.
J C Smith 《The EMBO journal》1993,12(12):4463-4470
136.
137.
138.
It is widely believed that environmental variability is the main cause for fluctuations in commercially exploited small pelagic
fish populations around the world. Nevertheless, density-dependent factors also can drive population dynamics. In this paper,
we analyzed thirteen years of a relative abundance index of two clupeoids fish populations coexisting in the central-south
area off Chile, namely the common sardine, Strangomera bentincki, and anchovy, Engraulis ringens. We applied the classical diagnostic tools of time series analysis to the observed time-series. Also, the realized per capita
population growth rate was studied with the aim of detecting the feedback structure that is characterizing the population
dynamics of the two species. The analysis suggests that population fluctuations of the two species have an important density-dependent
component, displaying first-order (direct density-dependent) and second-order (delayed density-dependent) simultaneously.
The density-dependent component explained 70.5 and 55.6 % of the realized per capita population growth rate of common sardine
and anchovy, respectively. The deterministic skeleton model showed an asymptotic convergence to equilibrium density. In presence
of a stochastic environment, fluctuations were reproduced for the species showing a component of fluctuation with a period
of 4 year. The intrinsic dynamics of each species is typical of interacting species resulting from trophic interactions. It
is postulated that the second-order dynamics of S. bentincki and E. ringens in central-south Chile, may be the result from interactions with a specialist predator (the fishing fleet), interacting with
exogenous environmental factors. 相似文献
139.
140.
Jacek Kęsy Beata Maciejewska Magdalena Sowa Magdalena Szumilak Krzysztof Kawałowski Maja Borzuchowska Jan Kopcewicz 《Plant Growth Regulation》2008,55(1):43-50
It has been shown that both IAA and ethylene application inhibit flower induction in the short-day plant Pharbitis nil. However application of IAA has elevated ethylene production in this plant, as well. Strong enhancement of ethylene production
is also correlated with the night-break effect, which completely inhibits flowering. In order to determine what the role of
IAA and ethylene is in the photoperiodic flower induction in Pharbitis nil, we measured changes in their levels during inductive and non-inductive photoperiods, and the effects of ethylene biosynthesis
and action inhibitors on inhibition of flowering by IAA. Our results have shown that the inhibitory effect of IAA on Pharbitis nil flowering is not physiological but is connected with its effect on ethylene biosynthesis. 相似文献