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61.
Ljiljana Vasović Milena Trandafilović Ivan Jovanović Aleksandra Antović Jovan Stojanović Miodrag Zdravković Miroslav Milić 《BMC neurology》2010,10(1):53
Background
As a continuation of the previous findings in human fetuses, accidental finding of an accessory vascular component in the posterior part of CAC of human adult cadavers inspired the authors to present and compare its posterior part configuration. 相似文献62.
Vlada B. Veljković Miodrag L. Lazić Mihajlo Z. Stanković 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2006,22(5):519-523
Summary The object of this study was to establish the possibility of using the yeast biomass separated from the fermentation broth
at the end of ethanol fermentation of juniper berry sugars as an inoculum in successive batch fermentation processes. A part
of the fermentation broth (10% v/v) and a suspension of yeast biomass (separated from the same broth) into the water extract
of juniper berries (2 g of wet yeast biomass per liter of water extract) were used as inocula. It was shown that the suspension
of yeast biomass could be used as inoculum in successive batch processes without negative effects on the kinetics and ethanol
yield, but with positive effects on the capacity and economy of the bioprocess. The addition of ammonium salts at optimum
levels did not affect the final ethanol concentrations (4.3–4.4% v/v), but enhanced the specific rate of ethanol production,
thus reducing the process duration by about five times. 相似文献
63.
We previously reported that proteins secreted by Trypanosoma carassii play a role in evasion of fish host immune responses. To further understand how these parasites survive in the host, we cloned and expressed T. carassii glycoprotein 63 (Tcagp63), and generated a rabbit polyclonal antibody to the recombinant protein (rTcagp63). Tcagp63 was similar to gp63 of other trypanosomes and grouped with Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei gp63 in phylogenetic analysis. We showed that rTcagp63 down-regulated Aeromonas salmonicida and recombinant goldfish TNFα2-induced production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. Macrophages treated with rTcagp63 also exhibited significant reduction in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-A, TNFα-1 and TNFα-2. Recombinant Tcagp63 bound to and was internalised by goldfish macrophages. The Tcagp63 may act by altering the signalling events important in downstream monocyte/macrophage antimicrobial and other cytokine-induced functions. We believe that this is the first report on downregulation of antimicrobial responses by trypanosome gp63. 相似文献
64.
J. Michael Conlon Milena Mechkarska Manju Prajeep Kholoud Arafat Milan Zaric Miodrag L. Lukic Samir Attoub 《Amino acids》2013,44(2):715-723
Alyteserin-2a (ILGKLLSTAAGLLSNL.NH2) is a cationic, amphipathic α-helical cell-penetrating peptide, first isolated from skin secretions of the midwife toad Alytes obstetricans. Structure–activity relationships were investigated by synthesizing analogs of alyteserin-2a in which amino acids on the hydrophobic face of the helix were replaced by l-tryptophan and amino acids on the hydrophilic face were replaced by one or more l-lysine or d-lysine residues. The Trp-containing peptides display increased cytotoxic activity against non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells (up to 11-fold), but hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes increases in parallel. The potency of the N15K analog against A549 cells (LC50 = 13 μM) increases sixfold relative to alyteserin-2a and the therapeutic index (ratio of LC50 for erythrocytes and tumor cells) increases twofold. Incorporation of a d-Lys11 residue into the N15K analog generates a peptide that retains potency against A549 cells (LC50 = 15 μM) but whose therapeutic index is 13-fold elevated relative to the native peptide. [G11k, N15K] alyteserin-2a is also active against human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells (LC50 = 26 μM), breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells (LC50 = 20 μM), and colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells (LC50 = 28 μM). [G11k, N15K] alyteserin-2a, in concentrations as low as 1 μg/mL, significantly (P < 0.05) inhibits the release of the immune-suppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β from unstimulated and concanavalin A-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The data suggest a strategy of increasing the cationicity while reducing the helicity of naturally occurring amphipathic α-helical peptides to generate analogs with improved cytotoxicity against tumor cells but decreased activity against non-neoplastic cells. 相似文献
65.
66.
Moritz KM De Matteo R Dodic M Jefferies AJ Arena D Wintour EM Probyn ME Bertram JF Singh RR Zanini S Evans RG 《American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology》2011,301(2):R500-R509
Treatment of the pregnant ewe with glucocorticoids early in pregnancy results in offspring with hypertension. This study examined whether glucocorticoids can reduce nephron formation or alter gene expression for sodium channels in the late gestation fetus. Sodium channel expression was also examined in 2-mo-old lambs, while arterial pressure and renal function was examined in adult female offspring before and during 6 wk of increased dietary salt intake. Pregnant ewes were treated with saline (SAL), dexamethasone (DEX; 0.48 mg/h) or cortisol (CORT; 5 mg/h) over days 26-28 of gestation (term = 150 days). At 140 days of gestation, glomerular number in CORT and DEX animals was 40 and 25% less, respectively, compared with SAL controls. Real-time PCR showed greater gene expression for the epithelial sodium channel (α-, β-, γ-subunits) and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase (α-, β-, γ-subunits) in both the DEX and CORT group fetal kidneys compared with the SAL group with some of these changes persisting in 2-mo-old female offspring. In adulthood, sheep treated with dexamethasone or cortisol in utero had elevated arterial pressure and an apparent increase in single nephron glomerular filtration rate, but global renal hemodynamics and excretory function were normal and arterial pressure was not salt sensitive. Our findings show that the nephron-deficit in sheep exposed to glucocorticoids in utero is acquired before birth, so it is a potential cause, rather than a consequence, of their elevated arterial pressure in adulthood. Upregulation of sodium channels in these animals could provide a mechanistic link to sustained increases in arterial pressure in cortisol- and dexamethasone-exposed sheep, since it would be expected to promote salt and water retention during the postnatal period. 相似文献
67.
Xu S Douglas Inglis G Reuter T Grant Clark O Belosevic M Leonard JJ McAllister TA 《Biodegradation》2011,22(5):1029-1043
As a result of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in Canada, specific tissues at risk of harbouring prions are not allowed to
enter the food chain. Composting may be a viable alternative to rendering and land filling for the disposal of specified risk
material (SRM). Two types of laboratory-scale composters, actively-heated and ambient systems were constructed to assess the
biodegradation of SRM over 30 days. A second heating cycle was generated by mixing the compost after 15 days. Compared to
ambient composters, temperature profiles in actively-heated composters were above 50°C for 5 and 4 days longer in the first
and second composting cycles, respectively. Degradation of SRM was similar between two composter types during two composting
cycles, averaging 52.2% in the first cycle and 43.9% in second cycle. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) revealed
that changes in the actinobacteria populations in the first composting cycle were of a temporal nature, whereas alterations
in populations in the second composting cycle were more related to active heating of compost. Sequencing of the dominant DGGE
bands showed the predominance of Corynebacterium, Promicromonospora, Pseudonocardia, and Thermobifida in the first composting cycle and Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Saccharomonospora, and Streptomyces in the second composting cycle. Active heating can alter the nature of actinobacteria populations in compost, but does not
appear to have a major impact on the extent of degradation of SRM. 相似文献
68.
The cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and its receptor LIFR have been extensively characterized in mammals. LIF has been shown to mediate the proliferation, differentiation and activation of a number of cell types in various tissues. This paper reports on the identification of a novel LIFR isolated from goldfish (Carassius auratus) macrophages. Goldfish LIFR shares a 26% amino acid sequence identity with mammalian LIFR sequences; however it retains all of the conserved amino acid motifs that identify a functional LIFR such as the cytokine binding domains and the box-1 and box-2 motifs. The goldfish LIFR phylogenetically groups with the other identified LIFRs from human, mouse, rat and chicken, and it appears to be ancestral to the divergence of the oncostatin M receptor (OSMR). The tissue expression of goldfish LIFR is observed in the gill, kidney and brain as well as sorted goldfish macrophages which exhibit higher expression than monocytes and early progenitor cells. 相似文献
69.
We report results of a comprehensive analysis of inflammatory gene expression during the course of infection of Trypanosoma carassii in the goldfish. We observed significant increases in mRNA levels of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNFα1 and TNFα2; IL-1β-1 and IL-1β-2; IL-12-p35 and IL-12-p40; CCL1; CXCL8, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGFβ and iNOS A and iNOS B, using quantitative PCR. Expression levels and profiles of these cytokines and iNOS isoforms varied in the different tissues (kidney, spleen, liver) of goldfish during the course of T.?carassii infection. The expression of majority of genes that encode pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were up-regulated during the acute phase of infection (days 7-21 post-infection). The mRNA levels of these cytokines returned to normal levels or were down-regulated during the elimination phase of infection (days 28-56), with exception of IL-10 in the spleen and liver of infected fish. A parallel up-regulation of IFN-γ and IL-10 mRNA levels were observed in all tissues of infected fish during the acute phase of the infection. The expression of iNOS genes (iNOS A and B) was significantly delayed (day 14?pi) in the kidney, liver and spleen of infected fish. These results provide insights into the interaction between T.?carassii and goldfish, and suggest that Th1/Th2-like responses may be important for controlling T.?carassii infection in the goldfish. 相似文献
70.
MacIntyre DA Melguizo Sanchís D Jiménez B Moreno R Stojkovic M Pineda-Lucena A 《PloS one》2011,6(2):e16732