The Use of Mycelia of Penicilium sp. as an Ingredient for Glass Eel Nutrition

Three isoproteic and isoenergetic diets containing fish meal as a protein source (control diet) or incorporating 10 and 20% of protein from mycelia Penicilium sp. as a fish meal substitute were tested during three months for eel fingerlings growth. Some preliminary “in vitro” experiments on the L-Lysin intestinal absorption in the presence and in the absence of Penicilin (500 mg/l) after 17 h of contact show a positive effect of this antibiotic. No residues of Penicilin were detected in carcass of eels fed 7 days with 100 mg/kg Penicilin in the food. The present results show that the use of Penicilin mycelia in eels diets will have the advantage of increasing growth without any appreciable change in the quality of the carcass and also, eventually, reductions of nitrogen excretion with a positive effect in effluent quality.     

Fragmentation pattern of underivatised xylo-oligosaccharides and their alditol derivatives by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

Maltopentaose and olive pulp xylo-oligosaccharides and the correspondent alditol derivatives were analysed by ESI-MS and ESI-MS/MS. The ESI-MS spectrum of maltopentaose and maltopentaose alditols showed [M+Na]⁺and [M+H]⁺ ions. ESI-MS spectrum of xylo-oligosaccharides and their alditols showed [M+Na]⁺of neutral (Xyl_3–6) and acidic (Xyl_2–3MeGlcA and Xyl_2–3GlcA) xylo-oligosaccharides. The ESI-MS/MS spectra of maltopentaose and underivatised xylo-oligosaccharides presented fragments of glycosidic cleavages attributed to B/Z and C/Y ions. On the other hand, MS/MS spectra of the correspondent alditols showed glycosidic cleavages unambiguously identified as B-type and Y-type ions. Y-type fragment ions showed higher abundance in the MS/MS spectra of the alditol derivatives when compared to the non-reduced samples. The study of the oligoxylosyl alditols fragmentation permits to distinguish fragmentation pathways that occur both from the reducing end and from the non-reducing end of the xylan chain, allowing to obtain more information about the localization of the acidic substituent along the glucuronoxylan backbone.     

The effect of elevated hydrostatic pressure upon selected biomarkers in juvenile blackspot seabream Pagellus bogaraveo in a 14 day‐long experiment

Hydrostatic pressure elevated to 500 kPa for 14 days was found to affect hepatic 7‐ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase (EROD), oxidized protein (POx), protein yield and branchial Na⁺–K⁺‐ATPase. No effect on glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST), superoxidase dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lipid peroxidation (LP), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), condition factor (K) and hepato‐somatic index (I_H) was encountered.