Shoulder defect correction with the island latissimus dorsi flap

Reconstruction of normal shoulder contour is possible utilizing a latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap at the end of a long neurovascular pedicle. The thoracodorsal vessels and their lateral divisions form the basis of the pedicle. The nerve in the pedicle is left intact if maintenance of muscle bulk is desired and sectioned if atrophy is preferred. The amount of muscle taken in conjunction with the skin island is determined by the nature of the defect to be corrected. The twin goals of a single-stage reconstruction and a satisfactory aesthetic result are achieved with this method.     

Transnational Migration in Rural Oaxaca, Mexico: Dependency, Development, and the Household

Contradictory models of dependency and development have dominated the discussion of migration between Mexico and the United States. Transnational models of migration resolve these contradictions by defining a series of interdependencies (economy and society, for example). Using data collected in a rural Zapotec community in Oaxaca, Mexico, this article focuses on three areas: the stage-specific development of transnational movement; the domestic cycle, household decision making, and migration/remittance outcomes; and the changing nature of community participation. Rooting the discussion in household decision making captures the important role local social variability and economic dynamism play in understanding transnational processes and advancing migration studies. [ households, migration, transnationalism, dependency and development, Oaxaca, Mexico ]     

A preliminary note on the use of milk substitutes in the early weaning of dromedary camels

The experiment was performed using two young male camels which weighed 24 and 36 kg respectively at birth. Each young camel was weighed and abruptly separated from its mother after 30 days of nursing (or at 1 month of age). The weaned calves were fed milk substitutes prepared commercially for lambs by Mabarot Chemical and Veterinary Products (Israel). The weanling camels averaged daily weight gains of 0.400 and 1.0 kg per day respectively during the 30 day initial period when the milk substitutes were used. Following the period when milk substitutes were used, the camels achieved normal growth to arrive at 135 and 145 kg respectively at 6 months of age.     

The effect of halothane on mitochondrial permeability to NADH

The effect of halothane on oxidation of exogenous NADH was evaluated in intact and disrupted rat liver mitochondria. A change in oxygen uptake was observed which represented an interplay between inhibition of NADH dehydrogenase (tending to decrease respiratory rate) and loss of impermeability to NADH (tending to increase respiratory rate).     

The in vivo incorporation of linolenic acid into neuronal and glial cells and myelin

Abstract— Neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and myelin were prepared from 21-day-old rat brain at various times after intracerebral injection of [1-¹⁴C]linolenate. Comparisons of phospholipid specific radioactivity demonstrated that the oligodendrocytes were much more active than neuronal, astroglial, or myelin fractions. This is consistent with the concept that the oligodendrocyte is responsible for synthesis of the relatively large mass of myelin sheath. Initially the phosphatidylcholine fraction was more active than the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction, but during the 36 h after injection the former decreased in radioactivity while the latter fraction showed an increase. Fatty acid elongation occurred rapidly. Within 2h after injection, 2/3 of the label had been converted to elongated products (20:4. 20:5, 22:5 and 22:6). All three cell types apparently contained the enzymes necessary to incorporate, elongate, and desaturate linolenic acid and this occurred at similar rates in each cell type. No direct precursor-product relationship was found between the lipids of oligodendrocytes and myelin. There was, however, a lag in the appearance of elongated fatty acids in the phosphoglycerides of myelin. indicating that the polyunsaturated fatty acids in myelin were synthesized elsewhere and transported into the myelin sheath.