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51.
52.
Extreme differences in rates of molecular evolution of foraminifera revealed by comparison of ribosomal DNA sequences and the fossil record 总被引:8,自引:3,他引:5
Pawlowski J; Bolivar I; Fahrni JF; de Vargas C; Gouy M; Zaninetti L 《Molecular biology and evolution》1997,14(5):498-505
Foraminifera have one of the best known fossil records among the
unicellular eukaryotes. However, the origin and phylogenetic relationships
of the extant foraminiferal lineages are poorly understood. To test the
current paleontological hypotheses on evolution of foraminifera, we
sequenced about 1,000 base pairs from the 3' end of the small subunit rRNA
gene (SSU rDNA) in 22 species representing all major taxonomic groups.
Phylogenies were derived using neighbor- joining, maximum-parsimony, and
maximum-likelihood methods. All analyses confirm the monophyletic origin of
foraminifera. Evolutionary relationships within foraminifera inferred from
rDNA sequences, however, depend on the method of tree building and on the
choice of analyzed sites. In particular, the position of planktonic
foraminifera shows important variations. We have shown that these changes
result from the extremely high rate of rDNA evolution in this group. By
comparing the number of substitutions with the divergence times inferred
from the fossil record, we have estimated that the rate of rDNA evolution
in planktonic foraminifera is 50 to 100 times faster than in some benthic
foraminifera. The use of the maximum-likelihood method and limitation of
analyzed sites to the most conserved parts of the SSU rRNA molecule render
molecular and paleontological data generally congruent.
相似文献
53.
Dolphine A Amenya Lizette L Koekemoer Ashley Vaughan John C Morgan Basil D Brooke Richard H Hunt Hilary Ranson Janet Hemingway Maureen Coetzee 《DNA sequence》2005,16(6):437-445
Pyrethroid resistance has been demonstrated in populations of Anopheles funestus from South Africa and southern Mozambique. Resistance is associated with elevated P450 monooxygenase enzymes. In this study, degenerate primers based on conserved regions of Anopheles gambiae P450 CYP4, 6 and 9 families were used to amplify genomic and cDNA templates from A. funestus. A total of 12 CYP4, 12 CYP6 and 7 CYP9 partial genes have been isolated and sequenced. BLAST results revealed that A. funestus P450s generally have a high sequence identity to A. gambiae with above 75% identity at the amino acid level. The exception is CYP9J14. The A. gambiae P450 showing highest identity to CYP9J14 exhibits only 55% identity suggesting that CYP9J14 may have arisen from a recent duplication event. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on amino acid sequences also supported this hypothesis. Intron positions, but not size, were highly conserved between the two species. The high level of orthology that exists in the P450 gene families of these two species may facilitate the prediction of individual P450 protein function. 相似文献
54.
Julie A. Coetzee Marcus J. Byrne & Martin P. Hill 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2007,125(3):237-247
Water hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (Pontederiaceae)] is the most damaging aquatic weed in South Africa, where five arthropod biological control agents have been released against it. The most recent introduction of Eccritotarsus catarinensis (Carvalho) (Heteroptera: Miridae) has failed to establish permanent populations at a number of sites in South Africa where water hyacinth is a problem. Cold winter temperatures at these sites are assumed to be the reason for these establishment failures. This assumption was tested by investigating the thermal physiology of the mirid, then incorporating these data into various predictive distribution models. Degree‐day models predict 3–14 generations per year at different localities in South Africa, and five generations at a Johannesburg site where the mirid failed to overwinter. The inability to develop sufficiently rapidly during winter months may hinder overwintering of this insect, which was predicted to develop through only one generation during the winter months of April to August in Johannesburg. A CLIMEX model also showed that cold stress limits the mirid's ability to overwinter in the interior of the country, while determination of the lower lethal limit (–3.5 °C) and critical thermal minimum (1.2 ± 1.17 °C) also indicated that extreme temperatures will limit establishment at certain sites. It is concluded that E. catarinensis is limited in its distribution in South Africa by low winter temperatures. 相似文献
55.
56.
Andrea Gloria‐Soria Diego Ayala Ambicadutt Bheecarry Olger Calderon‐Arguedas Dave D. Chadee Marina Chiappero Maureen Coetzee Khouaildi Bin Elahee Ildefonso Fernandez‐Salas Hany A. Kamal Basile Kamgang Emad I. M. Khater Laura D. Kramer Vicki Kramer Alma Lopez‐Solis Joel Lutomiah Ademir Martins Jr Maria Victoria Micieli Christophe Paupy Alongkot Ponlawat Nil Rahola Syed Basit Rasheed Joshua B. Richardson Amag A. Saleh Rosa Maria Sanchez‐Casas Gonçalo Seixas Carla A. Sousa Walter J. Tabachnick Adriana Troyo Jeffrey R. Powell 《Molecular ecology》2016,25(21):5377-5395
Mosquitoes, especially Aedes aegypti, are becoming important models for studying invasion biology. We characterized genetic variation at 12 microsatellite loci in 79 populations of Ae. aegypti from 30 countries in six continents, and used them to infer historical and modern patterns of invasion. Our results support the two subspecies Ae. aegypti formosus and Ae. aegypti aegypti as genetically distinct units. Ae. aegypti aegypti populations outside Africa are derived from ancestral African populations and are monophyletic. The two subspecies co‐occur in both East Africa (Kenya) and West Africa (Senegal). In rural/forest settings (Rabai District of Kenya), the two subspecies remain genetically distinct, whereas in urban settings, they introgress freely. Populations outside Africa are highly genetically structured likely due to a combination of recent founder effects, discrete discontinuous habitats and low migration rates. Ancestral populations in sub‐Saharan Africa are less genetically structured, as are the populations in Asia. Introduction of Ae. aegypti to the New World coinciding with trans‐Atlantic shipping in the 16th to 18th centuries was followed by its introduction to Asia in the late 19th century from the New World or from now extinct populations in the Mediterranean Basin. Aedes mascarensis is a genetically distinct sister species to Ae. aegypti s.l. This study provides a reference database of genetic diversity that can be used to determine the likely origin of new introductions that occur regularly for this invasive species. The genetic uniqueness of many populations and regions has important implications for attempts to control Ae. aegypti, especially for the methods using genetic modification of populations. 相似文献
57.
David J. Pountney Iosif Gulkarov Eleazar Vega-Saenz de Miera Douglas Holmes Michael Saganich Bernardo Rudy Michael Artman William A. Coetzee 《FEBS letters》1999,450(3):191-196
We have identified and cloned a new member of the mammalian tandem pore domain K+ channel subunit family, TWIK-originated similarity sequence, from a human testis cDNA library. The 939 bp open reading frame encodes a 313 amino acid polypeptide with a calculated Mr of 33.7 kDa. Despite the same predicted topology, there is a relatively low sequence homology between TWIK-originated similarity sequence and other members of the mammalian tandem pore domain K+ channel subunit family group. TWIK-originated similarity sequence shares a low (< 30%) identity with the other mammalian tandem pore domain K+ channel subunit family group members and the highest identity (34%) with TWIK-1 at the amino acid level. Similar low levels of sequence homology exist between all members of the mammalian tandem pore domain K+ channel subunit family. Potential glycosylation and consensus PKC sites are present. Northern analysis revealed species and tissue-specific expression patterns. Expression of TWIK-originated similarity sequence is restricted to human pancreas, placenta and heart, while in the mouse, TWIK-originated similarity sequence is expressed in the liver. No functional currents were observed in Xenopus laevis oocytes or HEK293T cells, suggesting that TWIK-originated similarity sequence may be targeted to locations other than the plasma membrane or that TWIK-originated similarity sequence may represent a novel regulatory mammalian tandem pore domain K+ channel subunit family subunit. 相似文献
58.
J.L.F. Kock P.W.J. van Wyk P. Venter D.J. Coetzee D.P. Smith B.C. Viljoen S. Nigam 《Antonie van Leeuwenhoek》1999,75(3):261-266
Aggregation of ascospores has been discovered in the yeast Dipodascopsis uninucleata. When this yeast is cultivated to reach the sexual reproductive stage, small ascospores are individually released from the tip of a sac-like ascus which then aggregate in orderly clusters. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) inhibited ascospore release and subsequent ordered aggregation process. We suggest that novel ASA-sensitive oxidised fatty acids (3 R-hydroxy-oxylipins) and small hooks located on the surface of these ascospores, are involved. 相似文献
59.
D. J. Marshall N. J. M. Gremmen L. Coetzee B. M. O’Connor P. J. A. Pugh P. D. Theron E. A. Ueckermann 《Polar Biology》1999,21(2):84-89
Sixty species of Acari are recorded from the sub-Antarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands (the Prince Edward archipelago).
Twenty of the 45 species collected on recent expeditions are new and currently undescribed. Other new taxa include a family
of Mesostigmata, four new genera, and the first sub-Antarctic records of Cillibidae (Mesostigmata) and Eryngiopus (Prostigmata). Fifteen of the 31 species previously reported from the islands are confirmed, although eight of the previous
accounts remain doubtful. The fauna, which shows a distinction between the shoreline and terrestrial components, comprises
endemic, South Indian Ocean Province and sub-Antarctic mite species.
Accepted: 18 July 1998 相似文献
60.
Mohammad Fawad Ansari Faisal Hayat Afreen Inam Fatima Kathrada Robyn L. van Zyl Maureen Coetzee Kamal Ahmad Dongyun Shin Amir Azam 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2017,27(3):460-465
In an endeavor to develop efficacious antiprotozoal agents 4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl) piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methanone derivatives (5–14) were synthesized, characterized and biologically evaluated for antiprotozoal activity. The compounds were screened in vitro against the HM1: IMSS strain of Entamoeba histolytica and NF54 chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Among the synthesized compounds six exhibited promising antiamoebic activity with IC50 values (0.14–1.26 μM) lower than the standard drug metronidazole (IC50 1.80 μM). All nine compounds exhibited antimalarial activity (IC50 range: 1.42–19.62 μM), while maintaining a favorable safety profile to host red blood cells. All the compounds were less effective as an antimalarial and more toxic (IC50 range: 14.67–81.24 μM) than quinine (IC50: 275.6 ± 16.46 μM) against the human kidney epithelial cells. None of the compounds exhibited any inhibitory effect on the viability of Anopheles arabiensis mosquito larvae. 相似文献