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排序方式: 共有72条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
51.
Adeleke R. A. Cloete T. E. Bertrand A. Khasa D. P. 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2010,26(10):1901-1913
Mutualistic roles of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi have been linked to their ability to produce organic acids that aid in the
dissolution of insoluble minerals in the rhizosphere. This ability of ECM fungi was utilised to investigate their potential
participation in the mobilisation of nutrients such as phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) from a typical insoluble ore—iron
ore. In vitro pure cultures of four different ECM fungi; Pisolithus tinctorius, Paxillus involutus, Phialocephala fortini, and Suillus tomentosus were screened for their ability to mobilise P and K from two types of non-exportable Sishen iron ore. When present in iron
ore, these elements are deleterious and reduce the commercial values of the ore. Experiment was set up with different treatments
that included two ore types (KGT and SK) and five particle sizes of each ore type. Results indicated the potential of the
four fungi to mobilise P and K from the two iron ore types though at different levels. Ore type, particle size, organic acid
production and attachment of the fungi to the iron ore were all found to play important roles in the mobilisation of nutrients
from these ores. 相似文献
52.
David Lehmann John Kazgeba Elijah Mfune Erick Gewers Johann Cloete Conrad Brain Christian Claus Voigt 《PloS one》2013,8(8)
Desert ungulates live in adverse ecosystems that are particularly sensitive to degradation and global climate change. Here, we asked how two ungulate species with contrasting feeding habits, grazing gemsbok (Oryx g. gazella) and browsing springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis), respond to an increase in food availability during a pronounced rain period. We used a stable isotope approach to delineate the feeding habits of these two ungulates in the arid Kunene Region of Namibia. Our nineteen months field investigation included two time periods of drought when food availability for ungulates was lowest and an intermediate period with extreme, unusual rainfalls. We documented thirteen isotopically distinct food sources in the isotopic space of the study area. Our results indicated a relatively high dietary plasticity of gemsbok, which fed on a mixture of plants, including more than 30% of C3 plants during drought periods, but almost exclusively on C4 and CAM plant types when food was plentiful. During drought periods, the inferred gemsbok diets also consisted of up to 25% of Euphorbia damarana; an endemic CAM plant that is rich in toxic secondary plant compounds. In contrast, springbok were generalists, feeding on a higher proportion of C3 than C4/CAM plants, irrespective of environmental conditions. Our results illustrate two dietary strategies in gemsbok and springbok which enable them to survive and coexist in the hostile Kunene arid ecosystem. 相似文献
53.
Alistair M. McInnes Andrea Thiebault Trevor Cloete Lorien Pichegru Thierry Aubin Cuan McGeorge Pierre A. Pistorius 《Ibis》2020,162(3):1047-1059
Social cohesion and prey location in seabirds are largely enabled through visual and olfactory signals, but these behavioural aspects could potentially also be enhanced through acoustic transfer of information. Should this be the case, calling behaviour could be influenced by different social–ecological stimuli. African Penguins Spheniscus demersus were equipped with animal-borne video recorders to determine whether the frequency and types of calls emitted at sea were dependent on behavioural modes (commuting, sedentary and dive bout) and social status (solitary vs. group). For foraging dive bouts we assessed whether the timing and frequency of calls were significantly different in the presence of schooling prey vs. single fish. The probability of call events was significantly more likely for birds commuting early and late in the day (for solitary birds) and during dive bouts (for groups). During foraging dive bouts the frequency of calls was significantly greater for birds diving in the presence of schooling fish and birds called sooner after a catch in these foraging scenarios compared with when only single fish were encountered. Three call types were recorded, 'flat', 'modulated' and 'two-voice' calls, but there was no significant relationship detected with these call types and behavioural modes for solitary birds and birds in groups. The results of this study show that acoustic signalling by African Penguins at sea is used in a variety of behavioural contexts and that increased calling activity in the presence of more profitable prey could be of crucial importance to seabirds that benefit from group foraging. 相似文献
54.
Cloete TT Wilma Breytenbach J Kock Cd Smith PJ Breytenbach JC N'da DD 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2012,20(15):4701-4709
In this study, a series of 11 10-aminoethylether derivatives of artemisinin were synthesised and their antimalarial activity against both the chloroquine sensitive (D10) and resistant (Dd2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum was determined. The compounds were prepared by introducing aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic amine groups with linkers of various chain lengths through an ethyl ether bridge at C-10 of artemisinin using conventional and microwave assisted syntheses, and their structures were confirmed by NMR and HRMS. All derivatives proved to be active against both strains of the parasite. The highest overall activity was displayed by the short chain aromatic derivative 8 (IC(50)=1.44nM), containing only one nitrogen atom, while long chain polyamine derivatives were found to have the lowest activity against both strains. An interesting correlation between the IC(50), pK(a) values and resistance index (RI) was found. 相似文献
55.
Henrik N. Kl?verpris Mikkel Harndahl Alasdair J. Leslie Jonathan M. Carlson Nasreen Ismail Mary van der Stok Kuan-Hsiang Gary Huang Fabian Chen Lynn Riddell Dewald Steyn Dominique Goedhals Cloete van Vuuren John Frater Bruce D. Walker Mary Carrington Thumbi Ndung'u S?ren Buus Philip Goulder 《Journal of virology》2012,86(21):11493-11500
Genetic variation within the HLA-B locus has the strongest impact on HIV disease progression of any polymorphisms within the human genome. However, identifying the exact mechanism involved is complicated by several factors. HLA-Bw4 alleles provide ligands for NK cells and for CD8 T cells, and strong linkage disequilibrium between HLA class I alleles complicates the discrimination of individual HLA allelic effects from those of other HLA and non-HLA alleles on the same haplotype. Here, we exploit an experiment of nature involving two recently diverged HLA alleles, HLA-B*42:01 and HLA-B*42:02, which differ by only a single amino acid. Crucially, they occur primarily on identical HLA class I haplotypes and, as Bw6 alleles, do not act as NK cell ligands and are therefore largely unconfounded by other genetic factors. We show that in an outbred cohort (n = 2,093) of HIV C-clade-infected individuals, a single amino acid change at position 9 of the HLA-B molecule critically affects peptide binding and significantly alters the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes targeted, measured directly ex vivo by gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay (P = 2 × 10−10) and functionally through CTL escape mutation (P = 2 × 10−8). HLA-B*42:01, which presents multiple Gag epitopes, is associated with a 0.52 log10 lower viral-load set point than HLA-B*42:02 (P = 0.02), which presents no p24 Gag epitopes. The magnitude of this effect from a single amino acid difference in the HLA-A*30:01/B*42/Cw*17:01 haplotype is equivalent to 75% of that of HLA-B*57:03, the most protective HLA class I allele in this population. This naturally controlled experiment represents perhaps the clearest demonstration of the direct impact of a particular HIV-specific CTL on disease control. 相似文献
56.
A new species of Phellinus sensu stricto was isolated from diseased Vitis vinifera in the Northern Cape and Limpopo provinces of South Africa. Phellinus resupinatus is described here based on fruit body morphology, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) phylogenies. Phellinus resupinatus forms a well-supported clade closely related to Phellinus bicuspidatus, a species associated with white rot in oak trees in the United States. Morphologically, P. resupinatus is characterised by its resupinate fruit body shape, straight, ventricose hymenial setae and broadly ellipsoid hyaline basidiospores. It has been isolated from esca-diseased grapevines in the summer rainfall regions of South Africa and is found on the uppermost trunks of declining vines showing symptoms of white rot. 相似文献
57.
The formation of a stable viscous foam on activated sludge aeration basin surfaces is a world wide problem. Foam is usually comprised of filamentous bacteria occurring predominantly in the mixed liquor. The lack of availability of pure cultures of most filaments and the limited amount of characterisation data available for them, means that our current understanding of their taxonomic position is very poor and their relationship to other bacteria are not known. 16S rDNA sequencing was used in an attempt to identify the bacteria in a foaming sample from the Centurion Waste Water Treatment Plant in Gauteng South Africa. 相似文献
58.
Human enteric viruses and coliphages have been detected in water that has undergone what is generally considered adequate
treatment, including chlorination. Because small numbers of virus particles are needed for the initiation of a productive
virus infection, the presence of any number of virus particles in water resources will always be of concern. In this investigation
the ability of oxidized coal to remove viruses from water was investigated. The oxicoal product was found to be able to remove
not only coliphages, but also various pathogenic human viruses from seeded water sources. Removal was dependent upon the type
of virus, the period of exposure, and the concentration of oxidized coal.
Received: 20 August 1997 / Accepted: 22 January 1998 相似文献
59.
Chemical Characterisation of Organic Electron Donors For Sulfate Reduction For Potential Use in Acid Mine Drainage Treatment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The production of acid mine drainage (AMD) containing high amounts of sulfate, heavy metals and low pH is of increasing concern.
AMD is highly corrosive and results in economic and environmental problems. Organic electron donors for sulfate reduction
were chemically characterised for potential use in AMD treatment. This was done in a process to develop a correlation between
chemical composition and the capacity to drive sulfate reduction. Potential organic electron donors for sulfate reduction
were chemically characterised in terms of dry matter content, ash content, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, lignin content, cellulose
content, crude fat, crude fibre, in vitro digestibility, water-soluble carbohydrates, total non-structural carbohydrates and starch content. The chemical composition
of the organic electron donors was then compared to results obtained from pilot plant studies where the organic electron donors
for sulfate reduction were evaluated in terms of sulfate reduction. The chemical composition of the carbon source severely
impacted its capacity to drive sulfate reduction and may be used to assist in predicting the sulfate reduction capacity of
a carbon source. Organic electron donors for sulfate reduction high in protein content and low in lignin content or high in
carbohydrate and crude fat content increased the capacity of a carbon source to drive sulfate reduction. The higher the fibre
content of a carbon source, the lower the capacity to drive sulfate reduction. No correlation could be drawn between % dry
matter, % ash content and sulfate reduction for the organic electron donors tested. Chemical characterisation can be used
to assist in predicting sulfate reduction capacity of organic electron donors. 相似文献
60.