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991.
Claus Desler Prashanth Suravajhala May Sanderhoff Merete Rasmussen Lene Juel Rasmussen 《BMC bioinformatics》2009,10(1):289
Background
The definition of a hypothetical protein is a protein that is predicted to be expressed from an open reading frame, but for which there is no experimental evidence of translation. Hypothetical proteins constitute a substantial fraction of proteomes of human as well as of other eukaryotes. With the general belief that the majority of hypothetical proteins are the product of pseudogenes, it is essential to have a tool with the ability of pinpointing the minority of hypothetical proteins with a high probability of being expressed. 相似文献992.
Claus Kemkemer Matthias Kohn David N Cooper Lutz Froenicke Josef Högel Horst Hameister Hildegard Kehrer-Sawatzki 《BMC evolutionary biology》2009,9(1):84-24
Background
Genome comparisons have made possible the reconstruction of the eutherian ancestral karyotype but also have the potential to provide new insights into the evolutionary inter-relationship of the different eutherian orders within the mammalian phylogenetic tree. Such comparisons can additionally reveal (i) the nature of the DNA sequences present within the evolutionary breakpoint regions and (ii) whether or not the evolutionary breakpoints occur randomly across the genome. Gene synteny analysis (E-painting) not only greatly reduces the complexity of comparative genome sequence analysis but also extends its evolutionary reach. 相似文献993.
Lærke Egefjord Ledet Jens Jensen Claus Heiner Bang-Berthelsen Brønden Andreas Petersen Kamille Smidt Ole Schmitz Allan Ertman Karlsen Flemming Pociot Fabrice Chimienti Jørgen Rungby Nils E Magnusson 《BMC endocrine disorders》2009,9(1):1-10
Background
Numerous studies have reported that age-induced increased parathyroid hormone plasma levels are associated with cognitive decline and dementia. Little is known about the correlation that may exist between neurological processing speed, cognition and bone density in cases of hyperparathyroidism. Thus, we decided to determine if parathyroid hormone levels correlate to processing speed and/or bone density.Methods
The recruited subjects that met the inclusion criteria (n = 92, age-matched, age 18-90 years, mean = 58.85, SD = 15.47) were evaluated for plasma parathyroid hormone levels and these levels were statistically correlated with event-related P300 potentials. Groups were compared for age, bone density and P300 latency. One-tailed tests were used to ascertain the statistical significance of the correlations. The study groups were categorized and analyzed for differences of parathyroid hormone levels: parathyroid hormone levels <30 (n = 30, mean = 22.7 ± 5.6 SD) and PTH levels >30 (n = 62, mean = 62.4 ± 28.3 SD, p ≤ 02).Results
Patients with parathyroid hormone levels <30 showed statistically significantly less P300 latency (P300 = 332.7 ± 4.8 SE) relative to those with parathyroid hormone levels >30, which demonstrated greater P300 latency (P300 = 345.7 ± 3.6 SE, p = .02). Participants with parathyroid hormone values <30 (n = 26) were found to have statistically significantly higher bone density (M = -1.25 ± .31 SE) than those with parathyroid hormone values >30 (n = 48, M = -1.85 ± .19 SE, p = .04).Conclusion
Our findings of a statistically lower bone density and prolonged P300 in patients with high parathyroid hormone levels may suggest that increased parathyroid hormone levels coupled with prolonged P300 latency may become putative biological markers of both dementia and osteoporosis and warrant intensive investigation. 相似文献994.
995.
Claus Orendt Claudia Schmitt Chris van Liefferinge Georg Wolfram Eric de Deckere 《Biological invasions》2010,12(1):265-283
This paper reviews published knowledge on how to deal with invasive species during biological quality assessments in European
river systems for water management and assessments of ecological quality required, for example, by the European Water Frame
Work Directive. The papers studied included international papers and some standards for water assessment. An overview of the
current state of neozoa research showed that many different topics are treated, comprising biogeography and fauna records,
species replacements and effectiveness of colonisation, life cycles, competition between native and invasive species, habitat
quality and pathways of migration. Additionally, some papers have been published recently on the integration of neozoa in
index-based assessment systems. Although the decline or increase of alien species populations and the corresponding impacts
on indigenous populations were frequently observed, the mechanisms behind the invasions often remain hypothetical. In the
reviewed papers, issues such as possible reasons for coexistence, tolerances, quality of habitat or water, life history traits
and introduction of diseases were rarely covered. Few neozoa are sufficiently investigated to be categorised as indicators.
After discussing the advantages and disadvantages of inclusion or exclusion, inclusion of invaders in assessments of both
biodiversity (all species) and human impact (only species classified in their specific tolerance) is suggested. Further research
is required to (1) update and assign ecological profiles of the non-indigenous species currently and (2) assess the effects
of new invaders on native communities. 相似文献
996.
Wendel Wohlleben Thomas Subkowski Claus Bollschweiler Bernhard von Vacano Yaqian Liu Wolfgang Schrepp Ulf Baus 《European biophysics journal : EBJ》2010,39(3):457-468
Hydrophobins are available from natural resources only in milligram amounts. BASF succeeded in a recombinant production process,
up-scaled to pilot plant production in kilogram scale. Strain and protein optimization by modulation of gene expression and
generation of fusion proteins finally leads to two class I hydrophobins called H*Protein A and H*Protein B. By analytical
ultracentrifugation, we confirm that the self-association of H*Proteins in solution is governed by their sequence, because
oligomerization is induced by the same mechanisms (pH > 6, temperature ≫ 5°C, concentration > 0.2 mg/ml) as for the well-known
native hydrophobins SC3 and HFB II. Additionally, we established the triggering of structure formation by bridging with divalent
ions and the stabilization of dimers and tetramers by monovalent ions or surfactants. This interplay with surfactants can
be exploited synergistically: The capacity for emulsification of a 300 ppm standard surfactant solution is boosted from 0
to 100% by the addition of a mere 1 ppm of our new hydrophobins, with H*Protein A and H*Protein B having specific application
profiles. This astonishing performance is rationalized by the finding that the same minute admixtures enhance significantly
the interfacial elastic modulus, thus stabilizing interfaces against coalescence and phase separation. 相似文献
997.
Current methods for assessing clinical outcomes in COPD mainly rely on physiological tests combined with the use of questionnaires. The present review considers commonly used outcome measures such as lung function, health status, exercise capacity and physical activity, dyspnoea, exacerbations, the multi-dimensional BODE score, and mortality. Based on current published data, we provide a concise overview of the principles, strengths and weaknesses, and discuss open questions related to each methodology. Reviewed is the current set of markers for measuring clinically relevant outcomes with particular emphasis on their limitations and opportunities that should be recognized when assessing and interpreting their use in clinical trials of COPD. 相似文献
998.
Claus Vogelmeier David Ramos-Barbon Damon Jack Simon Piggott Roger Owen Mark Higgins Benjamin Kramer 《Respiratory research》2010,11(1):135
Background
Indacaterol is a novel, inhaled, once-daily, ultra-long-acting β2-agonist for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This randomized, double-blind study compared the bronchodilator efficacy of indacaterol with that of placebo and tiotropium in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD.Methods
In an incomplete-block, multi-dose, three-period, crossover design, patients received three of the following four treatments: indacaterol 150 μg, indacaterol 300 μg, tiotropium 18 μg and placebo, each once-daily for 14 days. Each treatment period was separated by a 14-day washout. Study drug was supplied daily by blinded, third party study personnel to maintain blinding of patients and investigators. The primary efficacy variable was trough forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) at 24 h post-dose after 14 days. The study was powered to demonstrate non-inferiority of indacaterol to tiotropium for this variable.Results
A total of 169 patients were randomized (mean age 65 years); 153 (90.5%) completed. Trough FEV1 after 14 days with indacaterol 150 μg and 300 μg was statistically and clinically superior to placebo, with differences (95% CI) of 170 (120-220) and 150 (100-200) mL respectively (both p < 0.001). For this endpoint, both doses of indacaterol not only met the criterion for non-inferiority compared with tiotropium, but also achieved numerically higher values, with differences versus tiotropium of 40 and 30 mL for indacaterol 150 and 300 μg, respectively. At 5 min post-dose on Day 1, the mean FEV1 for both indacaterol doses was significantly higher than placebo (by 120 and 130 mL for indacaterol 150 and 300 μg, respectively; p < 0.001) and tiotropium (by 80 mL for both doses; p < 0.001). Adverse events were reported by similar proportions of patients: 31.4%, 29.5%, 28.3% and 28.5% for indacaterol 150 μg and 300 μg, tiotropium and placebo treatments, respectively.Conclusions
Once-daily indacaterol provided clinically and statistically significant 24-h bronchodilation. Indacaterol was at least as effective as tiotropium, with a faster onset of action (within 5 min) on the first day of dosing. Indacaterol should prove useful in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD, for whom treatment with one or more classes of long-acting bronchodilator is recommended.Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: , EudraCT number: 2007-004071-19 NCT00615459相似文献999.
Eva Schnabel Chih-Mei Chen Beate Koch Stefan Karrasch Rudolf A J?rres Torsten Sch?fer Claus Vogelmeier Ralf Ewert Christoph Sch?per Henry V?lzke Anne Obst Stephan B Felix H-Erich Wichmann Sven Gl?ser Joachim Heinrich 《Respiratory research》2010,11(1):40
Background
Little is known about the influencing potential of specific characteristics on lung function in different populations. The aim of this analysis was to determine whether lung function determinants differ between subpopulations within Germany and whether prediction equations developed for one subpopulation are also adequate for another subpopulation.Methods
Within three studies (KORA C, SHIP-I, ECRHS-I) in different areas of Germany 4059 adults performed lung function tests. The available data consisted of forced expiratory volume in one second, forced vital capacity and peak expiratory flow rate. For each study multivariate regression models were developed to predict lung function and Bland-Altman plots were established to evaluate the agreement between predicted and measured values.Results
The final regression equations for FEV1 and FVC showed adjusted r-square values between 0.65 and 0.75, and for PEF they were between 0.46 and 0.61. In all studies gender, age, height and pack-years were significant determinants, each with a similar effect size. Regarding other predictors there were some, although not statistically significant, differences between the studies. Bland-Altman plots indicated that the regression models for each individual study adequately predict medium (i.e. normal) but not extremely high or low lung function values in the whole study population.Conclusions
Simple models with gender, age and height explain a substantial part of lung function variance whereas further determinants add less than 5% to the total explained r-squared, at least for FEV1 and FVC. Thus, for different adult subpopulations of Germany one simple model for each lung function measures is still sufficient. 相似文献1000.
Thierry Fontaine Anne Beauvais Céline Loussert Benoît Thevenard Claus. C. Fulgsang Naohito Ohno Cécile Clavaud Marie-Christine Prevost Jean-Paul Latgé 《Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B》2010,47(8):707-712
The germination of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia can be divided into four stages: breaking of dormancy, isotropic swelling, establishment of cell polarity, and formation of a germ tube. Swelling of conidia is associated in liquid medium with a multi-cellular aggregation that produced large clumps of conidia. Conidial aggregation can be specifically prevented by the addition of α1-3glucanase. Swollen conidia specifically adhere to insoluble α1-3glucan chains. Electron microscopy studies showed that cell wall α1-3glucan chains became exposed at the cell surface during the swelling. These results demonstrate that cell wall α1-3glucans play an essential role in the aggregation between swollen conidia. Experiments with α1-3glucan coated latex beads show that α1-3glucan chains interacted between them without the requirement of any other cell wall component suggesting that biophysical properties of α1-3glucans are solely responsible for conidial aggregation. 相似文献