Carotine und Carotinoidsynthese in Rhizobium lupini-Mutanten

Zusammenfassung Die Pigmentzusammensetzung einiger Mutanten von Rhizobium lupini wurde chromatographisch und spektralphotometrisch bestimmt. Aus dem Fehlen, Neuauftreten und der Kombination verschiedener Pigmente wurde ein Schema für den möglichen Weg der Biosynthese der Carotinoide aufgestellt.

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Summary The pigment composition of several mutants of Rhizobium lupini was determined by chromatography and by spectralphotometry. Using the factors loss or new appearance of pigments and combination of different pigments a scheme was developed for the possible way of the carotenogenesis in non-photosynthetic bacteria.

     

25-OHD3-26,23 lactone: demonstration of kidney-dependent synthesis in the pig and rat

At late confluency (21 days after passage), cultured skin fibroblasts from G_M1 gangliosidosis, type 1 patients showed approximately a 15-fold increase in G_M1 ganglioside, and fibroblasts from Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease patients showed a 50- and 30-fold increase in G_M2 ganglioside, respectively, when compared to normal fibroblasts. Since demonstration of storage material is important for accurate diagnosis of the lysosomal storage disorders, analysis of the accumulating lipids in late confluency fibroblasts can provide an additional tool for the diagnosis of the gangliosidoses and possibly other lysosomal disorders.     

Putative cholinergic elements in the photosensory pineal organ and retina of a teleost,Phoxinus phoxinus L. (Cyprinidae)

Summary Putative cholinergic neurons in the photosensory pineal organ of a cyprinid teleost, the European minnow, were studied by use of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunocytochemistry and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry. Pinealofugally projecting neurons were visualized using retrograde HRP-filling through their cut axons. For comparison, the distribution of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity (ChAT-IR) and AChE-positive elements in the retina was investigated.While the distributional patterns of ChAT-IR and strongly AChE-positive perikarya in the retina are similar and may represent the same neuronal population, ChAT-IR and AChE-positive elements in the pineal organ appear to belong to separate populations. In the retina, small- to medium-sized perikarya in the inner nuclear layer, and small perikarya in the ganglion cell layer are ChAT-IR and AChE positive. The entire inner plexiform layer is AChE positive, while only sublaminae 1, 2 and 4 are ChAT-IR. No indication of cholinergic activity was observed in the optic axon layer.In the pineal organ, ChAT-IR is restricted to small perikarya situated rostrally and dorsally in the pineal end-vesicle. AChE-positive neurons are present throughout the pineal end-vesicle and the pineal stalk. The pineal tract (the pinealofugally projecting axons of intrapineal neurons) is strongly AChE positive, but displays no ChAT-IR. The distribution of pinealofugally projecting neurons, labeled with retrogradely transported HRP, is markedly dissimilar to that of the ChAT-IR elements. It is proposed that the photosensory pineal organ transmits photic information to the brain via a non-cholinergic pathway. The possibility that the ChAT-IR neurons represent small local interneurons is discussed in the light of comparative physiological and anatomical findings.     

Sinks for plant surplus carbon explain several ecological phenomena

Plant and Soil - Plants engage in many processes and relationships that appear to be wasteful of the high-energy compounds that they produce through carbon fixation and photosynthesis. For example,...