ASK1 physically interacts with COI1 and is required for male fertility in Arabidopsis

Jasmonates are a new class of plant hormones that play important roles in plant development and plant defense. The COI1 gene was previously shown to be required for jasmonate-regulated plant fertility and defense. We demonstrated for the first time that COI1 interacts with the Arabidopsis SKP1-LIKE1 (ASK1) to form a complex that is required for jasmonate action in planta. Functional analysis by antisense strategy showed that ASK1 is involved in male fertility.     

Dosage analysis of Z chromosome genes using microarray in silkworm,Bombyx mori

In many organisms, dosage compensation is needed to equalize sex-chromosome gene expression in males and females. Several genes on silkworm Z chromosome were previously detected to show a higher expression level in males and lacked dosage compensation. Whether silkworm lacks global dosage compensation still remains poorly known. Here, we analyzed male:female (M:F) ratios of expression of chromosome-wide Z-linked genes in the silkworm using microarray data. The expression levels of genes on Z chromosome in each tissue were significantly higher in males compared to females, which indicates no global dosage compensation in silkworm. Interestingly, we also found some genes with no bias (M:F ratio: 0.8–1.2) on the Z chromosome. Comparison of male-biased (M:F ratio more than 1.5) and unbiased genes indicated that the two sets of the genes have functional differences. Analysis of gene expression by sex showed that M:F ratios were, to some extent, associated with their expression levels. These results provide useful clues to further understanding roles of dosage of Z chromosome and some Z-linked sexual differences in silkworms.     

应用Y染色体多态标记对汉族王姓亲缘关系的研究

Y染色体除拟常染色体区外 ,其它区域均缺乏重组 ,因而可保留其祖先历史上所发生的突变事件。作为研究父系遗传的工具 ,Y染色体多态具有独特的作用。中国传统上姓氏由父亲传给子女 ,遵循父系传递。本实验应用 Y染色体的 4个微卫星标记 (即 DYS1 9、DYS390、DYS391和 YCA2 ) ,对 50例北京汉族王姓男性 DNA样本进行了多态性分析 ,并与本实验室对 50例汉族男性随机样本应用前 3个位点检测的结果相比较 ,结果表明 :北京汉族王姓男性携带的 Y染色体单体型与对照无差异。王姓有复杂的多起源可能可以解释这一结果。     

黑果枸杞的黑色与白色浆果内含物含量比较分析

在2013~2015年青海省黑果枸杞资源调查中发现了白色浆果类型材料,该研究对白果和黑果在成熟后期——3个发育期(Ⅰ～Ⅲ)的果实表型以及使其浆果具有营养和药理价值的重要活性化合物进行了测定分析。结果表明：(1)黑果枸杞白色和黑色浆果的发育进程相近,果型一致,体积、质量差异不明显。(2)花青素在黑色浆果中于第Ⅱ时期含量最高(17.18 mg/g),而在白色浆果中的3个测定时期均极低,花青素的消失是果实颜色呈现白色的根本原因。(3)多酚、多糖和维生素E在黑、白色浆果中都存在,且均在成熟后期的Ⅱ、Ⅲ时期含量达到最高,但三者在各个时期白色浆果中的含量均显著低于黑色浆果。(4)在浆果中检测的17种矿质元素,其中在白色浆果中有10种元素(B、Ca、Li、Mg、Mn、Na、Si、K、Zn和Al)的含量较黑色浆果高。该研究为黑果枸杞品种选育、黑果枸杞白色果实营养价值的评判和其适应性研究奠定了基础。     

Microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes between <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis> strains with high- and low-oleic acid contents

An increase in oleic acid (C18:1) content is a desirable trait. Despite the critical roles of the two desaturases, FAD2 and FAD3, in the control of fatty acid desaturation, a dispute remains over whether inactivation of their genes alone is sufficient enough to generate the high-oleic trait. To address this question, we employed microarray technology to investigate the difference in gene expression profile between two different Brassica napus strains with high-C18:1 (71.71%) and low-C18:1 (55.6%) contents, respectively. Our study revealed 562 differentially expressed genes, of which 194 genes were up-regulated and 368 down-regulated. Based on the Gene Ontology classification, these genes were classified into 23 functional categories. Three of the up-regulated genes represent B. napus homologs of Arabidopsis genes encoding a cytosolic isoform of pyruvate kinase (AT3G55810), Δ9 acyl-lipid desaturase (AT1G06080, ADS1) and fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase B (AT1G08510), respectively. Conversely, the homologs of two Arabidopsis sequences encoding Δ9 acyl-lipid desaturase (AT2G31360, ADS2) and FAD3 desaturase (AT2G29980) were down-regulated in the high-oleic acid strain. Furthermore, 60 differentially expressed genes were classified as associated with relevant Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Collectively, our results suggest that expressing the high-oleic acid trait may require a coordinated regulation of diverse regulatory and metabolic gene networks in addition to inactivation of the FAD2 and FAD3 genes in the oilseed. A set of the differentially expressed genes identified in this study will facilitate our efforts to tap the germplasms with the potential to express the high-oleic acid trait.     

养殖刺参附着期“化板症”病原菌的分离鉴定及来源分析

摘要：【目的】查明养殖刺参附着期“化板症”的病原及其来源,并获得该病的治疗药物。【方法】分别对化板症状较为典型的3家育苗场的发病幼体进行病原学分析,对可疑病原进行人工回接感染并进行形态学、生理生化和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定,对各养殖场育苗系统,包括水源、养殖池水、池底污物、附着基板和饵料进行细菌学分析,对病原菌进行药敏测试。【结果】从所有病参中分离得到1种优势菌株,人工回接感染证明它对健康刺参有较强的致病性,且感染病参与自然发病刺参的症状相同。鉴定出“化板症”的病原为弧菌Vibrio sp.。养殖系统中除水源的细菌浓度没有超标污染 (<50 cfu/mL)外,其余均检出了大量细菌 (>1 × 105 cfu/mL);病原来源较复杂：水源、养殖池水、池底污物、附着基板和饵料均发现了病原菌,但病原菌浓度以饵料中最多,附着基板次之,水源中最少。萘啶酸等12种常用抗生素可有效抑制该病原菌的生长。【结论】“化板症”的病原为弧菌Vibrio sp.;饵料可能为“化板症”病原的主要来源;萘啶酸等12种常用抗生素可用于该病的防治。     

ASK1 physically interacts with COI1 and is required for male fertility in<Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis</Emphasis>

Jasmonates are a new class of plant hormones that play important roles in plant development and plant defense. TheCOI1 gene was previously shown to be required for jasmonate-regulated plant fertility and defense. We demonstrated for the first time that COI1 interacts with theArabidopsis SKP1-LIKE1 (ASK1) to form a complex that is required for jasmonate action inplanta. Functional analysis by antisense strategy showed thatASK1 is involved in male fertility.     

Prokaryotic expression and protein function of Brassica napus PGIP2 and its genetic transformation

Sclerotinia rot is a fungal disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, which has severely reduced rapeseed production worldwide. Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PIGPs) inhibit the activity of polygalacturonases, which are secreted during fungal infection in plants. This study investigated the function of the polygalacturonase-inhibitor gene 2 (PGIP2) in sclerotinia rot resistance. The PGIP2 was successfully expressed in a prokaryotic system, and recombinant PGIP2 protein, purified after enterokinase treatment to remove tag peptide, inhibited S. sclerotiorum PG activity in vitro. PGIP2 was overexpressed in the susceptible Brassica napus cultivar 98c40 via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. After inoculation with S. sclerotiorum mycelia, the transgenic rapeseed demonstrated greatly reduced leaf damage, as compared with their non-transgenic plants. Therefore, the PGIP2 encodes a functional protein and would be a candidate gene for enhancing Sclerotinia rot resistance.     

Genetic structure and phylogeography of Pyrus pashia L. (Rosaceae) in Yunnan Province, China, revealed by chloroplast DNA analyses

In this study, we investigated two chloroplast intergenic spacers (accD-psaI and trnL-trnF) for a total of 266 individuals over 22 populations of Pyrus pashia to detect the genetic diversity, genetic, and phylogeographic structure and provide needed information for the development of conservation strategies. Thirteen haplotypes (H1–H13) were recognized. A high level of total diversity was detected (H _T?=?0.746). Analysis of molecular variance indicated that the genetic variation mainly existed within populations, representing 59.61 % of the total variation. Genetic differentiation among populations was high (F _st?=?0.404). A Mantel test did not show a correlation between the genetic and geographic distances (r?=?0.139, P?=?0.09, 1,000 permutations), implying that geographic distance was not critical to gene flow among populations. A significantly higher N _st than G _st (N _st?=?0.420, G _st?=?0.402, P?<?0.05) reflected the phylogeographic structure in P. pashia. While nested clade analyses of clade 2-2 showed that restricted gene flow existed among populations, clades 1-2 and 2-1, and the total cladogram exhibited contiguous range expansion events in P. pashia. Both sum of square deviations and the raggedness index failed to reject the sudden demographic expansion model. The overall population expansion of P. pashia was estimated to occur between 621,000 and 209,000 years ago.