Cellular distribution of yeast pyruvate decarboxylase,and its induction by glucose

Summary The cellular distribution of pyruvate decarboxylase and acetyl-CoA kinase in C. pulcherrima grown on glucose has been investigated. By using a mild procedure for the separation of the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial fractions, it could be demonstrated that both enzymes are almost exclusively localized in the cytoplasm.The levels of pyruvate decarboxylase in Candida pulcherrima and Saccharomyces cheresiensis grown aerobically on different carbon sources have also been studied: it was high in cells from glucose, glucose plus acetate, or glucose plus pyruvate, and low in cells from acetate or pyruvate. By contrast, the content of acetyl-CoA kinase was always relatively constant. Evidence is also presented for the induction of pyruvate decarboxylase by glucose.

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Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Zellverteilung von Pyruvatdecarboxylase und Acetat-CoA-Kinase in mit Glucose gewachsenem Candida pulcherrima untersucht. Bei der Erhaltung der subcellularen Fraktionen, d. h. Cytoplasma und Mitochondrien, ist eine milde Methode angewandt worden. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß Pyruvatdecarboxylase und Acetat-CoA-Kinase fast ausschließlich in der cytoplasmatischen Fraktion vorkommen.Die Menge dieser Enzyme in mit verschiedenen Kohlenstoffquellen aerob gewachsenen Candida pulcherrima und Saccharomyces cheresiensis wurde ebenfalls untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zeigen einen hohen Pyruvat-decarboxylaseinhalt in Hefezellen aus Glucose, Glucose plus Acetat oder Glucose plus Pyruvat, im Gegensatz zu jenen aus Acetat oder Pyruvat, deren Inhalt in diesem Enzyme niedrig war. Die Werte für Acetat-CoA-Kinase zeigen aber keine deutlichen Änderungen. Außerdem wurde die Induktion von Pyruvatdecarboxylase durch Glucose nach-gewiesen.

     

Chemoattraction of infective larvae of Ancylostoma braziliense to rodent plasmas and to salts

Infective larvae of Anyclostoma braziliense were tested for orientational response to rat plasma, to mouse plasma, to rat plasma fractions, and to salts. A high percentage of larvae accumulated at sources of rat plasma, mouse plasma, rat plasma diffusate, concentrated rat plasma dialysate, and some salts, notably sodium chloride. Because sodium chloride is present at an effective concentration in mammalian plasma, and because this salt may form a gradient between the blood and the skin surface, sodium chloride from the blood may direct the penetrating larvae through host's skin. Preliminary tracking of the larvae in gradients of rat plasma and of sodium chloride suggests that orientation to sources of these attractants was via a taxis, possibly a klinotaxis, whereas accumulation at these sources was via a klinokinesis.     

IGFs and IGF-Binding Proteins in the Synovial Fluid of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis

International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics - The progressive damage of human articular cartilage is associated with loss of integrity of its extracellular matrix components. Their...     

Effects of Temperature on Transcriptome Profiles in Cardiocrinum cathayanum Leaves

Russian Journal of Plant Physiology - Cardiocrinum cathayanum (Endl.) Lindl. (Liliaceae) is a promising species for ornamental and pharmaceutical usage. However, genomic responses of C. cathayanum...     

Fire affects the taxonomic and functional composition of soil microbial communities,with cascading effects on grassland ecosystem functioning

Fire is a crucial event regulating the structure and functioning of many ecosystems. Yet few studies have focused on how fire affects taxonomic and functional diversities of soil microbial communities, along with changes in plant communities and soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics. Here, we analyze these effects in a grassland ecosystem 9 months after an experimental fire at the Jasper Ridge Global Change Experiment site in California, USA. Fire altered soil microbial communities considerably, with community assembly process analysis showing that environmental selection pressure was higher in burned sites. However, a small subset of highly connected taxa was able to withstand the disturbance. In addition, fire decreased the relative abundances of most functional genes associated with C degradation and N cycling, implicating a slowdown of microbial processes linked to soil C and N dynamics. In contrast, fire stimulated above‐ and belowground plant growth, likely enhancing plant–microbe competition for soil inorganic N, which was reduced by a factor of about 2. To synthesize those findings, we performed structural equation modeling, which showed that plants but not microbial communities were responsible for significantly higher soil respiration rates in burned sites. Together, our results demonstrate that fire ‘reboots’ the grassland ecosystem by differentially regulating plant and soil microbial communities, leading to significant changes in soil C and N dynamics.     

Decomposition time,chemical traits and climatic factors determine litter-mixing effects on decomposition in an alpine steppe ecosystem in Northern Tibet

Plant and Soil - In the context of rapid species diversity loss, whether and how species diversity affects litter decomposition in alpine ecosystems remain unclear. Here, we aimed to assess the...     

Unlocking the Recovery Potential: JMJD3 Inhibition-Mediated SAPK/JNK Signaling Inactivation Supports Endogenous Oligodendrocyte-Lineage Commitment Post Mammalian Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) induced catastrophic neurological disability is often incurable at present. The injury triggered immediately oligodendrocytes loss and overwhelming demyelination are regarded as an insurmountable barrier to SCI recovery. To date, effective strategy to promote the endogenous oligodendrocytes replacement post SCI remains elusive. Epigenetic modifications are emerging as critical molecular switches of gene expression in CNS. However, the epigenetic mechanisms underlying oligodendrogenesis post SCI yet to be discovered. In this study, we report that H3K27me3 demethylase JMJD3 exists as a pivotal epigenetic regulator which manipulates the endogenous oligodendrogenesis post SCI. We found that JMJD3 inhibition promotes the oligodendrocyte linage commitment of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrated that JMJD3 inhibition mediated SAPK/JNK signaling inactivation is functionally necessary for endogenous oligodendrocyte-lineage commitment post SCI. Our results also suggested that JMJD3 is downstream of SAPK/JNK pathway, and capable of translates SCI induced SAPK/JNK signaling into epigenetic codes readable by spinal cord endogenous NPCs. Taken together, our findings provide novel evidence of JMJD3 mediated oligodendrocyte-lineage commitment orchestration post SCI, which would be a potential epigenetic approach to induce the mature mammalian endogenous recovery.