杨,榆混交型林带生长调解试验研究

我国三北地区大面积农田防护林网主要为杨树林网,树种单一,容易造成病虫害蔓延。但由多树种组成的混交林网由于树种生长速度不同,造成树木群体生长参差不齐,而导致某些树木受压抑而不能正常生长甚至死亡,从而降低了林带的防护效益。为改变这一现状并建立起一整套混交...     

花青素生物合成关键酶的研究进展

花青素是植物花呈现不同色彩的物质基础,其生物合成途径主要受到查尔酮合成酶(CHS)、查尔酮异构酶(CHI)、黄烷酮3-羟化酶(F3H)、类黄酮3'-羟化酶(F3'H)、类黄酮3’,5’-羟化酶(F3'5'H)、二羟基黄酮醇还原酶(DFR)、花色素苷合成酶(ANS)以及类黄酮3-O-糖基转移酶(UFGT)等关键酶的控制.主要介绍花青苷生物合成途径、关键酶晶体结构及利用基因工程改造花色的研究进展,讨论目前花色改造存在的问题,并对今后的研究前景进行展望.     

青杆PwUSP1基因的克隆及表达模式分析

广泛逆境胁迫蛋白（universalstressprotein,USP）在非生物胁迫响应中起重要作用,但在植物中其功能还大部分未知。本研究通过BLAST分析青杆EST文库,得到职zP基因的EST序列,通过RACEPCR方法获取USP基因的末端序列,经过与EST序列拼接得到USP基因的cDNA全长序列,命名为PwUSP1。分析发现PwUSP1全长cDNA为1167bp,编码区为519bp,编码172个氨基酸残基。生物信息学分析显示,PwUSP1编码的蛋白相对分子质量为19．07kDa,理论等电点为6．38,为非跨膜的亲水性蛋白。PwUSP1具有USP家族典型的UspA结构域和ATP结合位点G-（2x）-G-（9x）-G（S／T）。半定量RT-PCR与RT-qPCR分析表明,PwUSP1在青杆的根、茎、针叶、花粉、种子中均有表达,在根和花粉中表达量较高。同时,PwUSP1受干旱和盐胁迫的诱导表达上调,均在处理6h后表达量较高,推测该基因可能在青杆逆境胁迫响应中发挥作用。     

东海黑潮锋面涡旋区浮游动物的分布

本文根据中日黑潮合作调查研究,１９８９年４月航次在东海北部黑潮及其邻近海域采集的浮游生物样品,分析黑潮锋面涡旋区饵料浮游动物的分布特点及其与海洋环境的关系。首次报道了在东海黑潮锋面涡的冷中心区发现冷水性桡足类,从而丰富了调查区浮游动物区系的冷水种成分,并为锋面涡涌升水的研究和黑潮潜流的研究提供了生物学证据。     

Molecular cytogenetic characterization of a new wheat-rye 1BL•1RS translocation line expressing superior stripe rust resistance and enhanced grain yield

Main conclusion

A new wheat-rye 1BL?1RS translocation line, with the characteristics of superior stripe rust resistance and high thousand-kernel weight and grain number per spike, was developed and identified from progenies of wheat-rye- Psathyrostachys huashanica trigeneric hybrids.

Abstract

The wheat-rye 1BL?1RS translocation line from Petkus rye has contributed substantially to the world wheat production. However, due to extensive growing of cultivars with disease resistance genes from short arm of rye chromosome 1R and coevolution of pathogen virulence and host resistance, these cultivars successively lost resistance to pathogens. In this study, a new wheat-rye line K13-868, derived from the progenies of wheat-rye-Psathyrostachys huashanica trigeneric hybrids, was identified and analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE), and molecular markers. Cytological studies indicated that the mean chromosome configuration of K13-868 at meiosis was 2n = 42 = 0.14 I + 18.78 II (ring) + 2.15 II (rod). Sequential FISH and GISH results demonstrated that K13-868 was a compensating wheat-rye 1BL?1RS Robertsonian translocation line. Acid PAGE analysis revealed that clear specific bands of rye 1RS were expressed in K13-868. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) and rye 1RS-specific markers ω-sec-p1/ω-sec-p2 and O-SEC5′-A/O-SEC3′-R suggested that the 1BS arm of wheat had been substituted by the 1RS arm of rye. At the seedling and adult growth stage, compared with its recurrent wheat parent SM51 and six other wheat cultivars containing the 1RS arm in southwestern China, K13-868 showed high levels of resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Pst) pathogens prevalent in China, which are virulent to Yr10 and Yr24/Yr26. In addition, K13-868 expresses higher thousand-kernel weight and more grain number per spike than these controls in two growing seasons, suggesting that this line may carry yield-related genes of rye. This translocation line, with significant characteristics of resistance to stripe rust and high thousand-kernel weight and grain number per spike, could be utilized as a valuable germplasm for wheat improvement.

     

青杄PsbO基因cDNA序列克隆及生物信息学分析

利用RACE技术从已有的青杄均一化cDNA文库中克隆得到青杄(Picea wilsonii)PsbO基因cDNA的全长,并用生物信息学的方法对该cDNA的核苷酸序列、氨基酸序列的相似性,及编码蛋白PwPsbO的理化性质、亲水性/疏水性、二级和三级结构,PwPsbO基因进化树等进行了预测和分析.采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)技术,测定了青杄不同组织中的PsbO基因的相对表达水平.结果发现:青杄PsbO基因编码346个氨基酸,预测相对分子质量为36.6 kD,理论pI值为5.29,属于可溶性蛋白.二级和三级结构预测表明其含有较多的α螺旋、β折叠和随机卷曲结构.RT-qPCR发现该基因在青杄针叶和茎中表达量最高.这些结果为青杄中PsbO基因的初步功能研究奠定了基础.     

云南省小黑山自然保护区兰科植物多样性及保护评价

云南省小黑山自然保护区孕育了丰富的兰科植物。据调查,保护区有兰科植物43属、134种,约占云南省135属、780种的31.9%和17.2%,是保护区种子植物种类最多的科。兰科植物在保护区的各个生态类型中均有出现。保护区134种兰科植物以附生兰占优势,占67.16%(90种);其次,地生兰占31.34%(42种),腐生兰为1.50%(2种)。保护区兰科植物起源于新、旧世界的热带和温带,热带属占70.0%(28),温带属占27.5%(11)。鉴于兰科植物重要的保护价值,应加强保护区兰科植物的保护。首先应加强保护区的建设和管理,还应加强社区经济发展,加强科学研究,实施社区共管以及加大保护宣传力度。     

A permease-like protein involved in ER to thylakoid lipid transfer in Arabidopsis

In eukaryotes, enzymes of different subcellular compartments participate in the assembly of membrane lipids. As a consequence, interorganelle lipid transfer is extensive in growing cells. A prominent example is the transfer of membrane lipid precursors between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the photosynthetic thylakoid membranes in plants. Mono- and digalactolipids are typical photosynthetic membrane lipids. In Arabidopsis, they are derived from one of two pathways, either synthesized de novo in the plastid, or precursors are imported from the ER, giving rise to distinct molecular species. Employing a high-throughput robotic screening procedure generating arrays of spot chromatograms, mutants of Arabidopsis were isolated, which accumulated unusual trigalactolipids. In one allelic mutant subclass, trigalactosyldiacylglycerol1, the primary defect caused a disruption in the biosynthesis of ER-derived thylakoid lipids. Secondarily, a processive galactosyltransferase was activated, leading to the accumulation of oligogalactolipids. Mutations in a permease-like protein of the outer chloroplastic envelope are responsible for the primary biochemical defect. It is proposed that this protein is part of a lipid transfer complex.