三种接种物启动Anammox-EGSB反应器的性能

为了优选接种物和加速Anammox反应器启动,分别以厌氧产甲烷污泥 (Anaerobic methanogenic sludge,AMS)、新鲜厌氧氨氧化污泥 (Fresh Anammox sludge,FAS) 和储藏厌氧氨氧化污泥 (Stored Anammox sludge,SAS) 作为接种物,研究了厌氧氨氧化膨胀颗粒污泥床 (Anammox-EGSB) 反应器 (R1、R2和R3) 的启动性能。结果表明：3种接种物均能成功启动Anammox-EGSB反应器,启动性能的优劣次序为：R2 (接种物为     

Synthesis and protective effects of aralkyl alcoholic 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-pyranosides on hypoglycemia and serum limitation induced apoptosis in PC12 cell

Neuroprotective agents have been in the focus of attention in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Salidroside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside isolated from Rhodiola rosea L., possessed a wide range of biological activities, especially neuroprotection. In an attempt to improve neuroprotective effects of new salidroside analogs for ischemic stroke, a series of novel aralkyl alcoholic 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-pyranosides were synthesized and their protective activities against the hypoglycemia and serum limitation induced cell death in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) were studied. Most compounds showed strong neuroprotective effects, especially for 4g and 4h, which exhibited a great potency superior to salidroside. MTT assay, Hoechst 33342 staining, and flow cytometry with annexin V/PI staining collectively showed that pretreatment with 4g and 4h attenuated cell viability loss and apoptotic cell death in cultured PC12 cells. Caspase-3 colorimetric assay and Rhodamine 123 staining revealed the changes in expression levels of caspase-3 and mitochondrial membrane potential in PC12 cells on exposure to hypoglycemia and serum limitation with and without 4g and 4h pretreatment, respectively. All the results suggested that 4g and 4h protects the PC12 cells against hypoglycemia and serum limitation induced apoptosis possibly by modulation of apoptosis-related gene expression and restoration of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Therefore, these novel findings may provided a new framework for the design of new aralkyl alcoholic 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-pyranosides as neuroprotective agents for treating cerebral ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.     

Slit-Robo signaling induces malignant transformation through Hakai-mediated E-cadherin degradation during colorectal epithelial cell carcinogenesis

The Slit family of guidance cues binds to Roundabout (Robo) receptors and modulates cell migration. We report here that ectopic expression of Slit2 and Robo1 or recombinant Slit2 treatment of Robo1-expressing colorectal epithelial carcinoma cells recruited an ubiquitin ligase Hakai for E-cadherin (E-cad) ubiquitination and lysosomal degradation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and tumor growth and liver metastasis, which were rescued by knockdown of Hakai. In contrast, knockdown of endogenous Robo1 or specific blockade of Slit2 binding to Robo1 prevented E-cad degradation and reversed EMT, resulting in diminished tumor growth and liver metastasis. Ectopic expression of Robo1 also triggered a malignant transformation in Slit2-positive human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Importantly, the expression of Slit2 and Robo1 was significantly associated with an increased metastatic risk and poorer overall survival in colorectal carcinoma patients. We conclude that engagement of Robo1 by Slit2 induces malignant transformation through Hakai-mediated E-cad ubiquitination and lysosomal degradation during colorectal epithelial cell carcinogenesis.     

温度、盐度对强壮箭虫耗氧率和窒息点的影响

研究了不同温度、盐度下强壮箭虫的耗氧率和窒息点.结果表明:温度和盐度均对强壮箭虫的耗氧率和比耗氧率有显著影响.试验温度在5℃-25℃,强壮箭虫个体耗氧率(IO)和比耗氧率(SO)开始随温度的升高而升高,之后呈明显下降趋势.其回归方程分别为y=0.0058x3 -0.2956x2+4.415x-8.7816(R2=0.99,P＜0.05)和y=0.0011x3 -0.0546x2+0.8161x-1.6232(R2=0.99,P＜0.05),数值分别为6.30～11.71μg·ind-1·h-1和1.22 ～2.16μg· mg-1·h-1,窒息点为4.18～6.87 mg·L-1.盐度10 ～40条件下,IO和SO随盐度的升高逐渐下降,回归方程分别为y=-0.0068x2 -0.1412x+21.702(R2=0.89,P＜0.05)和y=-0.0013x2-0.0261x+4.0114( R2 =0.89,P＜0.05),数值分别为4.98～17.73μg ·ind-1·h-1和0.92～3.56 μg·mg-1 ·h-1,窒息点为4.02～6.24 mg·L-1.对强壮箭虫与其他水生动物的耗氧率和窒息点进行比较得出,强壮箭虫是一种狭氧性浮游动物.     

间歇曝气对微污染源水生物接触氧化修复系统脱氮性能的影响

针对寡营养生境下生物脱氮过程碳源不足等问题,开展不同间歇曝气方式对微污染源水生物接触氧化修复系统脱氮性能的影响研究,探究修复系统短程硝化反硝化的可行性与过程机理.结果表明:在停曝-曝气时间为8 h-16 h的间歇曝气方式(Ⅰ)下启动的生物接触氧化修复系统,其铵态氮(NH+4-N)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、总氮(TN)的平均去除率分别稳定在93.0%、78.1%、19.4%;而在停曝-曝气时间为16 h-8 h的间歇曝气方式(Ⅱ)下运行修复系统,其NH+4-N、CODMn平均去除率仍能分别维持在81.2%、76.4%,体系内NO-2-N发生积累,TN去除率增至50%以上.对工况Ⅱ下修复系统周期内氮素转化特性分析发现,在确保出水NH+4-N、溶解氧(DO)浓度达标的前提下,缩短曝气时间可将体系DO长时间控制在0.5～1.5 mg·L-1,亚硝酸氧化菌(NOB)生长及其活性受到抑制,NO-2-N明显累积,最终实现了微污染源水生物接触氧化修复系统的短程生物脱氮.     

海拔梯度对长白山北坡岳桦水分利用效率的影响

以分布于长白山北坡海拔1800～2050 m的岳桦林为对象,以叶片碳稳定同位素(δ13C)值作为岳桦长期水分利用效率指示值,探讨海拔梯度对岳桦林水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:随海拔升高,岳桦林土壤体积含水量、比叶质量极显著增加,而叶片含水量和土壤温度显著降低;岳桦叶片δ13C值与海拔呈极显著正相关,增幅为1.013‰·(100 m)-1,与土壤体积含水量、比叶质量呈显著正相关,与生长季土壤平均温度、叶片含水量呈显著负相关.温度不是长白山林线的唯一限制性因子,海拔梯度上水热条件的差异及其交互作用可能造成岳桦生长期间的生理干旱.     

扎龙湿地不同生境的昆虫多样性

为了探讨湿地不同生境对昆虫物种多样性的影响,对扎龙湿地8种生境的昆虫进行了系统调查.共捕获昆虫5822只,分属11目58科143种,其中直翅目、双翅目、蜻蜒目为扎龙湿地的优势类群.不同生境中,草原草甸昆虫多样性最高,湖边生境多样性指数和均匀度指数均较高,杂草甸均最低.聚类分析和主分量分析结果表明,不同生境的昆虫群落相似性与水资源状况和植被类型有关,捕食性类群种类数和个体数量对昆虫群落稳定性具有重要的调控作用.湖边生境昆虫群落稳定性最强,湿草甸稳定性最弱.湿地水资源状况能影响昆虫生存生境,进而影响昆虫群落的组成和分布格局.     

地表覆盖对茶园土壤水分、养分变化及茶树生长的影响

以山东青岛2年生茶园为对象,设置对照(CK)、覆盖秸秆(T1)、覆盖地膜(T2)和覆盖秸秆+地膜( T3 )4个处理,分析了不同覆盖模式对茶园土壤水分和养分以及茶树生长的影响.结果表明:地表覆盖可以保持茶园土壤水分,提高水分利用效率,其中T1、T3处理的茶树生长水分利用效率比CK提高43％ ～48％,产量水分利用效率提高7％ ～ 13％;T1和T3处理土壤有机质、碱解氮、硝态氮、铵态氮的含量显著增加,提高了土壤肥力;叶片硝酸还原酶活性增强,叶片中硝态氮的含量增加,有效地促进茶树生长,茶叶产量比CK增加12％～13％,使茶树新梢生长高峰提前.从茶树生长、茶叶产量、水分和养分利用率、环境安全和经济效益等因素考虑,覆盖秸秆是幼龄茶园地表覆盖的有效方式.     

棉花抗逆相关基因GhDr1的克隆及生物信息学分析

通过TAIL-PCR的方法从棉花中克隆到未知功能的新基因GhDr1,生物信息学分析结果表明,GhDr1的预测蛋白含有酪氨酸激酶和蛋白酶C磷酸化位点、潜在的锌指类功能模块、MAPK磷酸化位点及MAPK相互作用识别位点;与GhDr1同源基因位于同一基因簇的基因多为参与逆境信号转导的蛋白。推测GhDr1基因可能在逆境信号转导途径的磷酸化级联反应中被调节,参与棉花逆境应答的生理过程。