全球精神疾病治疗药物分析报告（2014）（Ⅱ）

报告采用文献调研、数据库检索、数据统计与分析、专家咨询等定性定量情报研究方法,对全球精神疾病治疗药物研发情况从上市、注册与预注册、临床研究各阶段、发现阶段及暂停撤回终止阶段进行多角度、多层次的分析,旨在为精神疾病治疗药物的研发提供参考。     

Serum exosomal miR-7977 as a novel biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma

Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have great potentials as a novel biomarker to predict lung cancer. We applied a miRNA microarray to identify aberrantly expressed serum exosomal miRNAs as candidate biomarkers for patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Compared with the normal control, 31 exosomal miRNAs were found to be upregulated and 29 exosomal miRNAs were downregulated in the serum of LUAD respectively. Then, 10 dysregulated exosomal miRNAs expression levels in serum were further validated via qRT-polymerase chain reaction. Notably, exosomal miR-7977 was highest expressed and miR-98-3p was lowest expressed in the patients with LUAD, and exosomal miR-7977 showed significant correlation with the N stage and TNM stage with patients with LUAD (P < .05). Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the abundant level of exosomal miR-7977 may predict LUAD with an area of under the curve (AUC) of 0.787. In comparison with exosomal miR-7977, exosomal miR-98-3p had a smaller area (0.719). The combination of exosomal miR-7977 and miR-98-3p improved the AUC to 0.816. Furthermore, in vitro experiments revealed that inhibition of miR-7977 enhanced the proliferation, invasion, and inhibited apoptosis in A549 cells, the opposite results were performed by miR-7977 mimics. In conclusion, exosomal miR-7977 was identified as a novel biomarker for patients with LUAD and may play as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer.     

Characterization and Reconstitute of a [Fe<Subscript>4</Subscript>S<Subscript>4</Subscript>] Adenosine 5′-Phosphosulfate Reductase from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans</Emphasis>

Adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (APS) reductase is a key enzyme involved in the pathways of sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation in the biological sulfur cycle. In this study, the gene of APS reductase from Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, the soluble protein was purified by one-step affinity chromatography to apparent homogeneity. The molecular mass of the recombinant APS reductase was determined to be 28 kDa using SDS-PAGE. According to optical and EPR spectra results of the recombinant protein confirmed that the iron–sulfur cluster inserted into the active site of the protein. Site-directed mutation for the enzyme revealed that Cys110, Cys111, Cys193, and Cys196 were in ligation with the iron–sulfur cluster. The [Fe₄S₄] cluster could be assembled in vitro, and exhibited electron transport and redox catalysis properties. As we know so far, this is the first report of expression in E. coli of APS reductase from A. ferrooxidans.     

遮光对刺梨果实和叶片中维生素C与糖含量以及相关酶活性的影响

为探究光照强度减弱对不同发育期的刺梨(Rosa roxburghii Tratt.)果实和叶片中维生素C与糖含量及相关酶活性的影响,以‘贵农5号’刺梨扦插苗为材料,采用遮阳网设置光强减弱20%、40%、60%的3个遮光处理,以自然光照强度为对照(CK),分析不同光照强度条件下刺梨果实和叶片中维生素C含量及相关酶活性以及糖含量的变化。结果表明：(1)光照强度减弱后,不同发育期的刺梨果实和叶片中维生素C含量均显著降低,对照及3个处理间的果实维生素C含量的差异在快速膨大期均达到显著水平。(2)随着光照强度的减弱,刺梨果实和叶片中L 半乳糖 1,4 内酯脱氢酶(GalLDH)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)活性均降低,而抗坏血酸氧化酶(AAO)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性均增强,尤其是果实中MDHAR活性在快速膨大期迅速大幅增强。(3)刺梨果实和叶片中可溶性糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖含量随光照强度减弱而降低,但果实中葡萄糖含量在快速膨大期增加尤为迅速。(4)果实中维生素C含量与叶片中蔗糖、葡萄糖含量在不同发育期均呈极显著正相关关系,快速膨大期果实中GalLDH、MDHAR活性与维生素C含量呈极显著正相关关系且相关系数均达到最大值,而其APX活性与维生素C含量呈极显著负相关关系且相关系数达到最大值。研究认为,光照强度通过调控刺梨果实中维生素C合成及相关代谢关键酶的活性与叶片中光合产物的含量最终影响果实中维生素C的积累量;弱光环境不利于刺梨果实和叶片中维生素C及糖的积累,其影响在果实快速膨大期尤为明显;良好的光照是保证刺梨果实优良品质的基本条件。     

罗伊氏乳酸杆菌SL001对AD模型小鼠和C57BL/6小鼠肠道微生物的影响

本研究旨在调查阿尔茨海默症模型小鼠(APP/PS1双转基因小鼠,AD小鼠)与野生型小鼠(C57BL/6小鼠)肠道菌群的多样性差异,以及添食罗伊氏乳酸杆菌SL001 (Lactobacillus reuteri SL001)对两种小鼠肠道微生物菌群结构组成的影响,探讨其是否可对AD小鼠起到积极的改善作用。首先将雄性AD模型和野生型小鼠分别分成添食组和未添食组(每组5只),添食组小鼠每天用0.2 mL浓度为5×10¹¹ CFU/mL的L. reuteri SL001菌悬液灌胃,未添食组则每天接受等量的无菌PBS,通过口服管饲法进行给物,周期为45 d。实验结束后,采集小鼠的粪便样本,通过高通量测序技术测定了16S rRNA V3–V4区序列,并对群落结构和多样性进行比较分析。结果显示4个处理组小鼠的肠道微生物OTUs总共包括19个门、40个纲、64个目、104个科和175个属。AD模型小鼠的α多样性大于野生型小鼠,但是两者之间的差异不显著。添食L. reuteri SL001后,两种小鼠的α多样性均增加,AD模型小鼠的增幅较小。在门水平上,4组小鼠的优势菌门均为拟杆菌...     

Optimisation of enzyme-assisted extraction of Erythronium sibiricum bulb polysaccharide and its effects on immunomodulation

Glycoconjugate Journal - In this study, polysaccharides of Erythronium sibiricum bulb were extracted using enzyme-assisted extraction technology and then optimised by response surface methodology....     

大枣中氨基酸类成分的薄层色谱分析

中药大枣中含有多种氨基酸类成分,建立大枣中主要氨基酸类成分的薄层色谱鉴定方法,为大枣的相关研究提供依据。采用薄层色谱法对大枣中氨基酸类成分进行定性鉴别,本法操作简单,重复性好,特征明显,可以作为大枣中四种氨基酸的薄层色谱鉴别依据。     

Surface properties are highly sensitive to small ph induced changes in the 3-D structure of alpha-lactalbumin

The change in structure of bovine alpha-lactalbumin in environments of decreasing pH from pH 7 to pH 3 was followed using high-resolution NMR and hydrogen exchange studies. The effect of the changes in the structure on the surface properties of the protein was also measured. As the pH was decreased from pH 7 toward pH 2, at which alpha-lactalbumin adopts a molten globule state, a small but increasing proportion of the molecules in the sample partially unfold. There was on average a loss of tertiary structure and a change in the environment of the tryptophan residues. A significant proportion of the change measured by both circular dichroism spectroscopy and interfacial methods observed as the pH was decreased from pH 7 to pH 4 was found to be irreversible upon readjustment back to pH 7. These changes in the sample conferred an increase in surface hydrophobicity and affected the surface properties. The surface activity was found to be highest at pH 4. This was because the increasing flexibility and surface hydrophobicity of the molecule with decreasing pH was balanced by the simultaneous increase in net charge repulsion. This conclusion was also confirmed by measurements of surface shear rheology. Interestingly the interfacial dilatational rheology was highest at the isoelectric point, indicating the dominant role of the charge interaction in controlling this parameter.     

原子力显微镜研究不同温度下质粒DNA结构变化

采用原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ）在无水乙醇中成象了ｐＢＲ３２２质粒ＤＮＡ。在不同温度范围加热云母表面的ＤＮＡ溶液,并在相应温度下干燥使ＤＮＡ充分展开地固定在云母基底上。ＡＦＭ观察结果表明：在３０～４０℃,质粒ＤＮＡ主要是超螺旋和环状分子;在４０～５０℃,环状分子开环形成线形分子;　在７０～８０℃,这些线形分子全部变性,解链形成无规线团。我们通过测定ｐＢＲ３２２质粒ＤＮＡ的熔融曲线,发现了两个突变点,对应于ＡＦＭ所观察到的质粒ＤＮＡ在加热过程中由环状变成线形、双螺旋解开成单链的两个结构变化过程。这是首次通过ＡＦＭ直接观察到质粒ＤＮＡ在不同温度下的结构变化。