不同演替状态下高寒草甸土壤物理性质与植物根系的相互关系

采用空间代时间的方法,以高寒嵩草草甸不同退化演替状态土壤物理性质(土壤机械阻力、温度、湿度)为变量,探讨高寒草甸不同退化阶段土壤物理性质同植物根系生长特质的相互关系。结果表明:高寒嵩草草甸根系分布具有明显的"V"型垂直构型特征;高寒嵩草草甸根系以细根为主,直径0.5 mm的根系占全剖面根系总长的90.8%—93.6%。土壤紧实度和土壤湿度与植物根系直径细化具有显著的正相关关系(P0.05);土壤温度与根系细化之间具有显著的负相关关系(P0.05),且其对高寒嵩草草甸根系生长特性形成的贡献率最高,说明高寒嵩草草甸植物根系生长构型特征的主控因子为温度。高寒嵩草草甸根系细化及表聚现象与土壤物理性质之间具有一定程度的互馈效应。低温、高紧实度和较高的土壤湿度有助于形成高密度和细根构型的草毡表层,这种土壤根系构型也是高寒草甸植物群落为适应放牧干扰及恶劣环境的应激性改变。该发现对明晰草地退化演替过程中生态系统构件对外界干扰改变的响应和适应过程及为制定合理有效的退化高寒草甸恢复措施提了供理论依据。     

黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区坡地土壤剖面饱和导水率空间异质性

在黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区坡面(40 m×350 m)尺度上进行网格(10 m×10 m)取样,用经典统计学和地统计学相结合研究了180个土壤剖面(0-200 cm)各土层扰动土饱和导水率(Ks) 的空间异质性及分布格局。结果表明: 0-20 cm土层的Ks值(5.36×10^-3 cm/s)最大,>20-200 cm各土层的Ks值均小于表层,其值介于4.32×10^-3-4.76×10^-3 cm/s之间。各土层Ks的变异程度相近,均属于中等变异。>20-200 cm各土层Ks 的Kriging 插值图分布格局也表现出一致性,因此可用>20-40 cm土层的Ks值来代表深层Ks值对土壤水分运动进行模拟。除了0-20 cm 的Ks的基台值(C +C₀)为0.154,其它各土层基台值介于0.202-0.276之间,说明0-20 cm的Ks空间异质性小于>20-200 cm各土层。从比值C/(C+C₀)来看, 0-20 cm属于中等自相关,>20-200 cm土层属于强的空间自相关性,同样也验证了黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区土壤剖面饱和导水率具有空间变异特征。     

黑曲霉原生质体诱变选育β-葡萄糖苷酶高产菌株

本研究报道了以原生质体诱变技术选育高产β-葡萄糖苷酶的黑曲霉菌株,并研究了其发酵特性。以黑曲霉CGMCC3.316为出发菌株,通过紫外诱变得到突变株3-3M。然后以3-3M为供试菌株,研究了其原生质体制备与再生的条件。最后通过原生质体诱变,选育得到一株β-葡萄糖苷酶活力较高的突变株60B-3D。该菌株具有良好的遗传稳定性,酶活力平均达到23IU/mL,与出发菌株CGMCC3.316相比提高39%。此外,该菌株的木聚糖酶活力也有所增加。同时考察了黑曲霉60B-3D的发酵特性,并与3-3M和出发菌株进行比较,结果表明该菌株有较高的蛋白分泌能力。本研究为发酵生产β-葡萄糖苷酶提供了一株良好的供试菌株。     

不同放牧强度对人工草地牧草生殖分配及种子重量的影响

不同放牧强度对白三叶,红三叶,鸭茅的生殖分配及种子千粒重影响极显著,一定强度的放牧干扰有利于提高休牧后三叶草的花序密度,但鸭茅花序密度却随放牧强度却随放牧强度的提高而出现明显下降,放牧草地三种牧草种群的生殖分配均低于对照草地,在放牧草地,随放牧强度的提高,白三叶生殖分配逐渐增加,红三叶及鸭茅生殖分配逐渐减少,提高放牧强度后,三叶草千粒重出现递减趋势,而鸭茅却出现递增趋势,在无放牧干扰草地,三叶草种群趋于生产数量较少的大粒种子,在放牧干扰下,趋于生产数量较多的小粒种子;鸭茅种群则出现相反的变化。     

An Excellent Delivery System for Improving the Oral Bioavailability of Natural Vitamin E in Rats

This study set out to develop a novel and stable nanoemulsion formulation of natural vitamin E with increased oral bioavailability. The natural vitamin E nanoemulsion was prepared by a modified emulsification technique. The physicochemical characteristics of natural vitamin E nanoemulsion were characterized and its pharmacokinetics study was performed as well. The experimental results showed droplet diameters ranging from 20 to 400 nm (average, 87.7 nm) with a negative electrostatic potential (−23.5 ± 1.5 mv). The pharmacokinetics study of this nanoemulsion and corresponding soft capsule was carried out using noncompartment model method. Compared with the marketed soft capsule, the C_max of the natural vitamin E nanoemulsion was higher, while the T_max was shorter. Thus, plasma concentration–time profiles in rats dosed with nanoemulsion showed a 1.6-fold enhancement in the area under the curve of natural vitamin E compared with the marketed soft capsule. The antioxidative effects of the natural vitamin E nanoemulsion and the marketed soft capsule were also evaluated by the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in serum and liver tissue. According to the SOD activity and the MDA concentration determined, the nanoemulsion was superior to the marketed soft as an antioxidative agent. The overall results demonstrated that the nanoemulsion drug delivery system could be a promising strategy for the delivery of natural vitamin E, which showed great potential for clinical application.Key word: Antioxidation, Nanoemulsion, Natural vitamin E, Oral bioavailability     

Expressed proteome analysis of human hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice (LCI-D20) with high metastasis potential

We report for the first time an expressed proteome for human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in nude mice model. Most cases of human liver cancer are HCC with highly metastatic ability. Therefore, the early prediction or diagnosis and effective treatment are the key points of research. We have previously successfully established a human HCC nude mice model (LCI-D20) with high metastasis potential. To understand better the tumor biology of HCC it is worth to explore the relativity of all expressed protein profiles in the LCI-D20 HCC nude mice model. With advanced proteomics technologies, we have carried out a proteomic analysis with following stages: protein sample preparation of cancer tissue, including total cellular extraction and sequential fractionation, 2-DE and 2-D LC separation, ESI/MALDI-MS/MS identification, as well as data-dependent bioinformatics. The identified proteins were classified bioinformatically respective to their function, biological process and intracellular localization. Some important proteins found in HCC, e.g. metabolism enzymes, proteins regulating cell motility, signaling proteins, and heat shock proteins, are discussed in terms of their metastasis.     

SAUR15 interaction with BRI1 activates plasma membrane H+-ATPase to promote organ development of Arabidopsis

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are an important group of plant steroid hormones that regulate growth and development. Several members of the SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR) family have roles in BR-regulated hypocotyl elongation and root growth. However, the mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that SAUR15 interacts with cell surface receptor-like kinase BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) in BR-treated plants, resulting in enhanced BRI1 phosphorylation status and recruitment of the co-receptor BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1. Genetic and phenotypic assays indicated that the SAUR15 effect on BRI1 can be uncoupled from BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 2 activity. Instead, we show that SAUR15 promotes BRI1 direct activation of plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase (PM H⁺-ATPase) via phosphorylation. Consequently, SAUR15–BRI1–PM H⁺-ATPase acts as a direct, PM-based mode of BR signaling that drives cell expansion to promote the growth and development of various organs. These data define an alternate mode of BR signaling in plants.

SAUR15–BRI1-plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase acts as a direct, PM-based mode of brassinosteroid signaling that drives cell expansion to promote plant growth and development.     

Depletion of Acidic Phosphopeptides by SAX To Improve the Coverage for the Detection of Basophilic Kinase Substrates

The Ser/Thr protein kinases fall into three major subgroups, pro-directed, basophilic, and acidophilic, on the basis of the types of substrate sequences that they preferred. Despite many phosphoproteomics efforts that have been taken for global profiling of phosphopeptides, methodologies focusing on analyzing a particular type of kinase substrates have seldom been reported. Selective enrichment of phosphopeptides from basophilic kinase substrates is difficult because basophilic motifs are cleaved by trypsin during digestion. In this study, we develop a negative enrichment strategy to enhance the identification of basophilic kinase substrates. This method is based on an observation that high pH strong anion exchange (SAX) chromatography can separate tryptic phosphopeptides according to the number of acidic amino acidic residues that they have. Thus, SAX was applied to deplete acidic phosphopeptides from the phosphopeptide mixture, which improved the coverage for the detection of basophilic kinase substrates. The SAX depletion approach was further combined with online SCX-RP separation for large-scale analysis of mouse liver phosphoproteome, which resulted in the identification of 6944 phosphorylated sites. It was found that motifs associated with basophilic kinases prevail for these identified phosphorylated sites.     

慢病毒介导的靶向沉默信息调节因子1（SIRT1）的RNA干扰对肝癌细胞生长及凋亡的影响

目的探讨慢病毒介导的靶向SIRTlshRNA对肝癌细胞生长和凋亡的影响。方法Western印迹分析SIRT1在多个肝癌细胞系中的表达;通过慢病毒介导的shRNA干扰技术靶向沉默SIRT1的表达,并通过Western印迹验证SIRTl基因的沉默效果。台盼蓝排斥实验分析SIRT1基因沉默对肝癌细胞生长的影响;流式细胞术和Western印迹检测PARP蛋白的剪切物观察细胞凋亡状态。结果SIRT1在多个肝癌细胞系中表达水平明显上调;慢病毒介导的shRNA能显著抑制细胞中SIRT1的表达。流式细胞术及Western印迹结果均显示SIRT1表达沉默显著诱导了肝癌细胞的凋亡。结论慢病毒介导的靶向SIRT1shRNA显著地抑制SIRT1的表达;SIRT1基因沉默抑制肝癌细胞生长并促进了细胞凋亡。     

放牧影响下不同盖度金露梅灌丛草本植物叶功能性状与土壤因子的关系

植物功能性状与环境因子的研究对认识不同环境梯度下植物群落的形成及对环境的适应机制具有重要意义。该研究以高寒金露梅(Potentilla fruticosa)灌丛草甸为研究对象,分析放牧影响下金露梅灌丛不同盖度梯度(金露梅灌丛盖度为0%、30%、60%和90%的灌草斑块)灌草斑块中草本植物叶功能性状与土壤因子的变化趋势及其相互关系。结果表明:(1)土壤容重(BD)、土壤pH和土壤养分在金露梅灌丛盖度梯度下差异显著,干柴滩金露梅灌丛具有明显的"沃岛效应";随着金露梅灌丛盖度的递增,土壤理化性质变化趋势各有分异。(2)随着金露梅灌丛盖度的增加,比叶面积(SLA)显著上升,叶片厚度(LT)和叶片磷含量(LPC)呈显著下降趋势(P0.05)。(3)比叶面积与叶片厚度呈负相关关系,与叶片氮磷含量(LNC、LPC)呈极显著负相关关系(P0.01),与叶片碳含量(LCC)呈极显著正相关关系(P0.01)。(4)RDA冗余分析表明,土壤因子对叶功能性状变异的平均解释变量达72.25%,影响植物功能性状的主导因子有土壤有机质(SOM)、土壤全氮(TN)、土壤有效氮(AN)、土壤有效钾(AK)和土壤容重(BD),但不同盖度金露梅灌丛群落中影响叶性状的主导因子存在差异。金露梅灌丛盖度较小(30%)时受SOM和TN、AN的影响较大,而金露梅灌丛盖度较大时(60%)时主要受AK和BD的影响。