The vacuolar H+-ATPase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for efficient copper detoxification,mitochondrial function,and iron metabolism

Mutations in the GEF2 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have pleiotropic effects. The gef2 mutants display a petite phenotype. These cells grow slowly on several different carbon sources utilized exclusively or primarily by respiration. This phenotype is suppressed by adding large amounts of iron to the growth medium. A defect in mitochondrial function may be the cause of the petite phenotype: the rate of oxygen consumption by intact gef2 cells and by mitochondrial fractions isolated from gef2 mutants was reduced 60%–75% relative to wild type. Cytochrome levels were unaffected in gef2 mutants, indicating that heme accumulation is not significantly altered in these strains. The gef2 mutants were also more sensitive than wild type to growth inhibition by several divalent cations including Cu. We found that the cup5 mutation, causing Cu sensitivity, is allelic to gef2 mutations. The GEF2 gene was isolated, sequenced, and found to be identical to VMA3, the gene encoding the vacuolar H ⁺-ATPase proteolipid subunit. These genetic and biochemical analyses demonstrate that the vacuolar H ⁺-ATPase plays a previously unknown role in Cu detoxification, mitochondrial function, and iron metabolism.     

浙西早寒武世梅树村期棒状化石

该文记述了浙江省西部江山县新塘坞地区灯影组(梅树村期)中新发现的矿化骨骼化石——浙江棒(新属)Zhejiangorhabdion gen.nov.。该化石的形态与以往化石类群均不相同,为个体微小的棒状,表面具较复杂的纹饰,不同个体间的纹饰都有一定变化,推测是动物体内不同部位的骨棒所具有的特征,代表了一个新的化石类群。新属的发现丰富了梅树村期动物群的内容,对了解具骨骼动物群体在这一时期的演化具有一定的意义。     

黑龙江宁安盆地穆棱组及其孢粉型组合新发现

黑龙江宁安盆地是一个具有油气勘探远景的中小型盆地,主要目的层为下白垩统。新发现了一套相当于邻区穆棱组的地层,孢粉化石十分丰富,建立了５个孢粉组合带,通过对两口石油探井生物地层的研究,建立了该舅地新的地层层序,并对穆棱组的时代和沉积环境进行了讨论。     

构建全细胞生物传感器测定农田土壤中有机磷农药甲基对硫磷含量

土壤中污染物的生物有效性评估对于准确评价环境污染风险至关重要,而全细胞生物传感器是此类评估的重要工具之一。本研究旨在使用新型全细胞生物传感器建立土壤中甲基对硫磷(methyl parathion,MP)的检测方法。首先,使用筛选出的甲基对硫磷水解酶基因(methyl parathion degrading gene,mpd)和pUC19质粒骨架以及已有的特异性诱导元件pobR为材料,构建全细胞生物传感器。然后,以96孔的酶标板为载体和以5种全细胞生物传感器为指示细胞,建立了土壤提取液样品中甲基对硫磷的分析方法,并应用于实际测试和田间土壤样品中甲基对硫磷的检测。以检测性能的最佳大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)DH5α/pMP-AmilCP为例,其检测限为6.21−6.66μg/L,线性范围为10−10000μg/L。E.coli DH5α/pMP-RFP和E.coli DH5α/pMP-AmilCP的方法用于分析土壤提取液样品中甲基对硫磷的浓度,具有较好的检测性能。这种全细胞生物传感器方法有助于快速评估土壤中甲基对硫磷的生物有效性强弱,从而有效判断有机磷农药甲基对硫磷对土壤的污染风险。     

Xanthan fermentations in water/oil dispersions

Summary Xanthan fermentations in W/O dispersions performed better than the control in both small flasks and a 6.6-L fermentor. The better bulk mixing and oxygen transfer achieved in the dispersion resulted in a still rising xanthan concentration of 65 g/L, compared with 26 g/L in the control. A phase inversion phenomenon was observed when n-hexadecane recovered from previous runs was used as the oil.     

Surface imprinted bio-nanocomposites for affinity separation of a cellular DNA repair protein

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a multifunctional DNA repair protein localized in different subcellular compartments. The mechanisms responsible for the highly regulated subcellular localization and “interactomes” of this protein are not fully understood but have been closely correlated to the posttranslational modifications in different biological context. In this work, we attempted to develop a bio-nanocomposite with antibody-like properties that could capture APE1 from cellular matrices to enable the comprehensive study of this protein. By fixing the template APE1 on the avidin-modified surface of silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles, we first added 3-aminophenylboronic acid to react with the glycosyl residues of avidin, followed by addition of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid as the second functional monomer to perform the first step imprinting reaction. To further enhance the affinity and selectivity of the binding sites, we carried out the second step imprinting reaction with dopamine as the functional monomer. After the polymerization, we modified the nonimprinted sites with methoxypoly (ethylene glycol) amine (mPEG-NH₂). The resulting molecularly imprinted polymer-based bio-nanocomposite showed high affinity, specificity, and capacity for template APE1. It allowed for the extraction of APE1 from the cell lysates with high recovery and purity. Moreover, the bound protein could be effectively released from the bio-nanocomposite with high activity. The bio-nanocomposite offers a very useful tool for the separation of APE1 from various complex biological samples.     

用胆固醇代谢的房室模型速率系数来分析动脉粥样硬化程度

理论上认为胆固醇逆向转运的速率与动脉粥样硬化程序呈负相关。但目前尚无完善的测试血浆脂蛋白－胆固醇体内代谢的方法。我们运用同位素＾３Ｈ－胆固醇示踪方法,建立房室模型,选取健康兔与ＡＳ兔对照,研究血浆脂蛋白转运胆固醇能力的差异,并结合ＡＳ兔主动脉斑块程度对比,结果验证了上述理论,此法如改用短半衰期同位素或稳定性同位素标记的胆固醇,就可用于人体,这可为临床判断ＡＳ程度提供一种无创性的新方法。     

杨树拟茎点菌溃疡病的研究

本病系我国杨树新发生的一种病害。病原菌的分生孢子有2种形状,无色透明、单胞,呈纺缍形孢子大小为1.64—2.74×9.59—13.7μm。线形孢子顶端弯钩状大小为1.37—1.78×15—27.4μm。病原菌适宜生长的培养基为PDA、麦芽粉、豆饼粉培养基;温度为25—32℃和pH6—10。本病于4月下旬发病,5月中下旬分生孢子成熟,6月中下旬为分生孢子飞散高峰期。经室内采用多菌灵、甲基托布津、福美砷的200倍液浸泡插穗30、60、90分钟处理均有药害,采用100—200倍液浸泡10分钟无药害,对病害有防效。造林地幼树可采用上述药剂的100倍液进行刮破病斑涂抹,防效可达87.5％。     

天然产物抗氧化构效关系及作用机理的研究概况

本文简介了近十年来天然抗氧化剂的研究概况,讨论了天然产物抗争氧化活性的构效关系及作用机理。     

Five New Phenolic Glycosides from Viburnum luzonicum

Viburnum luzonicum is widely distributed in China. Its branch extracts showed potential α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. In order to discover new bioactive constituents, five undescribed phenolic glycosides, viburozosides A−E ( 1 – 5 ), were obtained by bioassay-guided isolation coupled with HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D NMR, 2D NMR, ECD, and ORD. All compounds were tested for their α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potency. Compound 1 showed significantly competitive inhibition against α-amylase (IC₅₀=17.5 μM) and α-glucosidase (IC₅₀=13.6 μM).