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201.
Shaun Scholes Madhavi Bajekal Paul Norman Martin O’Flaherty Nathaniel Hawkins Mika Kivim?ki Simon Capewell Rosalind Raine 《PloS one》2013,8(7)
Aims
To estimate the number of coronary heart disease (CHD) deaths potentially preventable in England in 2020 comparing four risk factor change scenarios.Methods and Results
Using 2007 as baseline, the IMPACTSEC model was extended to estimate the potential number of CHD deaths preventable in England in 2020 by age, gender and Index of Multiple Deprivation 2007 quintiles given four risk factor change scenarios: (a) assuming recent trends will continue; (b) assuming optimal but feasible levels already achieved elsewhere; (c) an intermediate point, halfway between current and optimal levels; and (d) assuming plateauing or worsening levels, the worst case scenario. These four scenarios were compared to the baseline scenario with both risk factors and CHD mortality rates remaining at 2007 levels. This would result in approximately 97,000 CHD deaths in 2020. Assuming recent trends will continue would avert approximately 22,640 deaths (95% uncertainty interval: 20,390-24,980). There would be some 39,720 (37,120-41,900) fewer deaths in 2020 with optimal risk factor levels and 22,330 fewer (19,850-24,300) in the intermediate scenario. In the worst case scenario, 16,170 additional deaths (13,880-18,420) would occur. If optimal risk factor levels were achieved, the gap in CHD rates between the most and least deprived areas would halve with falls in systolic blood pressure, physical inactivity and total cholesterol providing the largest contributions to mortality gains.Conclusions
CHD mortality reductions of up to 45%, accompanied by significant reductions in area deprivation mortality disparities, would be possible by implementing optimal preventive policies. 相似文献202.
Angela L. McDowell Ashlee B. Filippone Alex Balbir Anne Germain Christopher P. O’Donnell 《PloS one》2013,8(6)
Introduction
Studies suggest that sleep plays a role in traumatic memories and that treatment of sleep disorders may help alleviate symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Fear-conditioning paradigms in rodents are used to investigate causal mechanisms of fear acquisition and the relationship between sleep and posttraumatic behaviors. We developed a novel conditioning stimulus (CS) that evoked fear and was subsequently used to study re-exposure to the CS during sleep.Methods
Experiment 1 assessed physiological responses to a conditioned stimulus (mild transient hypercapnia, mtHC; 3.0% CO2; n = 17)+footshock for the purpose of establishing a novel CS in male FVB/J mice. Responses to the novel CS were compared to tone+footshock (n = 18) and control groups of tone alone (n = 17) and mild transient hypercapnia alone (n = 10). A second proof of principle experiment re-exposed animals during sleep to mild transient hypercapnia or air (control) to study sleep processes related to the CS.Results
Footshock elicited a response of acute tachycardia (30–40 bpm) and increased plasma epinephrine. When tone predicted footshock it elicited mild hypertension (1–2 mmHg) and a three-fold increase in plasma epinephrine. When mtHC predicted footshock it also induced mild hypertension, but additionally elicited a conditioned bradycardia and a smaller increase in plasma epinephrine. The overall mean 24 hour sleep–wake profile was unaffected immediately after fear conditioning.Discussion
Our study demonstrates the efficacy of mtHC as a conditioning stimulus that is perceptible but innocuous (relative to tone) and applicable during sleep. This novel model will allow future studies to explore sleep-dependent mechanisms underlying maladaptive fear responses, as well as elucidate the moderators of the relationship between fear responses and sleep. 相似文献203.
O’Garo Keisha-Gaye N. Morgan Kai A. D. Hill LaBarron K. Reid Patrice Simpson Denise Lee Heather Edwards Christopher L. 《Culture, medicine and psychiatry》2020,44(2):249-262
Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry - Beauty ideals in the Caribbean are shifting with increased exposure to Western and European standards of appearance. Previous research has shown a consistent... 相似文献
204.
205.
206.
Yang Xuefang He Yingying Song Xi’E Yuan Xiangyang Li Yongfeng Sun Dasheng 《Plant and Soil》2020,448(1-2):369-381
Plant and Soil - The incidence of herbicide-resistant blackgrass is escalating in wheat fields; the development of alternatives to traditional herbicides is crucial. Allelopathic wheat can suppress... 相似文献
207.
Microbiology - The mechanisms of microbial action on synthetic plastics are analyzed, with the focus on the most widespread polymers produced on an industrial scale. The effect of microbial enzymes... 相似文献
208.
Kimberly Schmitt James Curlin Leila Remling-Mulder Ryan Moriarty Kelly Goff Shelby O’Connor Mark Stenglein Preston Marx Ramesh Akkina 《Journal of medical primatology》2020,49(5):284-287
HIV-1 evolved from SIV during cross-species transmission events, though viral genetic changes are not well understood. Here, we studied the evolution of SIVcpzLB715 into HIV-1 Group M using humanized mice. High viral loads, rapid CD4+ T-cell decline, and non-synonymous substitutions were identified throughout the viral genome suggesting viral adaptation. 相似文献
209.
Polito Francesca Famà Fausto Oteri Rosaria Raffa Giovanni Vita Gianluca Conti Alfredo Daniele Sacco Macaione Vincenzo Passalacqua Marcello Cardali Salvatore Di Giorgio Rosa Maria Gioffrè Maria Angileri Flavio F. Germanò Antonino Aguennouz M’Hammed 《Molecular biology reports》2020,47(4):2941-2949
Molecular Biology Reports - TBI is the main cause of death and disability in individuals aged 1–45 in Western countries. One of the main challenges of TBI at present is the lack of specific... 相似文献
210.
Ol’ha O. Brovarets’ 《Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics》2020,38(10):2817-2836
AbstractThis paper focuses on the comprehensive conformational analysis of the quercetin molecule with a broad range of the therapeutic and biological actions. All possible conformers of these molecule, corresponding to the local minima on the potential energy hypersurface, have been obtained by the sequential rotation of its five hydroxyl groups and also by the rotation of its (A?+?C) and B rings relatively each other. Altogether, it was established 48 stable conformers, among which 24 conformers possess planar structure and 24 conformers – nonplanar structure. Their structural, symmetrical, energetical and polar characteristics have been investigated in details. Quantum-mechanical calculations indicate that conformers of the quercetin molecule are polar structures with a dipole moment, which varies within the range from 0.35 to 9.87 Debay for different conformers. Relative Gibbs free energies of these conformers are located within the range from 0.0 to 25.3?kcal·mol?1 in vacuum under normal conditions. Impact of the continuum with ε?=?4 leads to the decreasing of the Gibbs free energies (–0.19–18.15?kcal·mol?1) and increasing of the dipole moment (0.57–12.48?D). It was shown that conformers of the quercetin molecule differ from each other by the intramolecular specific contacts (two or three), stabilizing all possible conformers of the molecule – H-bonds (both classical ОН…О and so-called unusual С′Н…О and ОН…С′) and attractive van-der-Waals contacts О…О. Obtained conformational analysis for the quercetin molecule enables to provide deeper understanding of the ‘structure-function’ relationship and also to suggest its mechanisms of the therapeutic and biological actions.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma 相似文献