熊去氧胆酸对阿霉素诱导的H9c2心肌细胞的影响及机制研究

目的:探讨熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)对阿霉素(DOX)诱导的H9c2心肌细胞损伤的影响及机制.方法:体外培养H9c2细胞,1 μMDOX和不同浓度UDCA处理H9c2,CCK-8法测定细胞活力;实时定量聚合酶链反应检测心肌细胞凋亡分子Bax及炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6的表达;Western blotting检测UDCA对...     

Assessing the impact of ambient temperature on the risk of hand,foot, and mouth disease in Guangdong,China: New insight from the disease severity and burden

BackgroundThe association between the incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and ambient temperature has been well documented. Although the severity of symptoms is an important indicator of disease burden and varies significantly across cases, it usually was ignored in previous studies, potentially leading to biased estimates of the health impact of temperature.MethodsWe estimated the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) by considering the severity of symptoms for each HFMD case reported during 2010–2012 in Guangdong and used distributed lag-nonlinear models to estimate the association between the daily average temperature and daily DALY of HFMD cases at the city-level. We investigated the potential effect modifiers on the pathway between temperature and DALY and pooled city-specific estimates to a provincial association using a meta-regression. The overall impact of temperature was further evaluated by estimates of DALYs that could be attributed to HFMD.ResultsThe overall cumulative effect of daily mean temperature on the DALY of HFMD showed an inverse-U shape, with the maximum effect estimated to be β = 0.0331 (95%CI: 0.0199–0.0463) DALY at 23.8°C. Overall, a total of 6.432 (95%CI: 3.942–8.885) DALYs (attributable fraction = 2.721%, 95%CI: 1.660–3.759%) could be attributed to temperature exposure. All the demographic subgroups had a similar trend as the main analysis, while the magnitude of the peak of the temperature impact tended to be higher among the males, those aged ≥3yrs or from the Pear-River Delta region. Additionally, the impact of temperature on DALY elevated significantly with the increasing population density, per capita GDP, and per capita green space in parks.ConclusionsTemperature exposure was associated with increased burden of HFMD nonlinearly, with certain groups such as boys and those from areas with greater population density being more vulnerable.     

凡纳滨对虾各月龄性状的主成分与判别分析

为了研究凡纳滨对虾各性状增长规律和判定最佳生长季节凡纳滨对虾的体格与月龄的关系,选择1～6月龄凡纳滨对虾各1000只,选择全长、体长、第一腹节背高、第三腹节背高、第一腹节背宽、头胸甲长和体重共7个性状,进行主成分与判别分析.结果表明:各月龄凡纳滨对虾性状之间均呈现显著的正相关(P<0.01), 其中以全长与体长的相关性最为明显,1月龄凡纳滨对虾体重与形态性状的相关系数较小.各月龄凡纳滨对虾的主成分有所不同,1～2月龄凡纳滨对虾的第一主成分为长度因子,第二主成分为宽度因子,第三主成分为高度因子;3月龄凡纳滨对虾的第一主成分与1～2月龄凡纳滨对虾一致,但第二主成分为高度因子,第三主成分为体重因子;4～6月龄凡纳滨对虾的第一主成分为体重因子,第二主成分为高度因子,第三主成分为宽度因子.1～3月龄凡纳滨对虾形态性状的增长优先于体重, 4～6月龄凡纳滨对虾体重优先于形态性状的增长.错过最佳生长季节的凡纳滨对虾的与体格大小相符的月龄可通过建立的判别式来判断,总的判别准确率为98.98%,其中2～4月龄凡纳滨对虾的判别准确率为100%.     

云南亚热带南部表土孢粉组合与植被间的定量关系

以云南亚热带南部沿温度带分布的35个表土孢粉样品和7个植被样方调查为基础,计算了代表性孢粉类型的百分比和孢粉浓度,及常见孢粉的R值,并分析了影响R值的因素;同时,研究了植物群落和样方内孢粉组合的相似度。结果表明,云南亚热带南部表土样品孢粉产量丰富,蕨类植物孢子产量较高,具有典型的亚热带特征,且山地垂直分异显著;木本、草本植物花粉基本代表了区域内乔木和草本植物特征,蕨类植物孢子则具有超代表性;表土孢粉组合与植物群落间的相似系数绝大部分都在70％以上,表土孢粉组合基本上可以反映植物群落面貌;表明云南亚热带地区表土孢粉与现代植被之间具有较好的对应关系,这对在该区利用化石孢粉资料定量恢复古植被和重建古气候有重要意义。     

五株产MnCO3细菌的除锰特性

本研究从湖南省某锌锰矿矿口和天津市西青玛钢厂锰原料仓库土样中富集分离获得5株对锰有去除能力的抗锰细菌, 将其命名为J2-3、J4-3、J12-1、JM3-2和JD。形态学、生理生化分析和16S rRNA基因测序等结果表明它们分别归属为氢噬孢菌属、分枝杆菌属、红球菌属、不动杆菌属和芽孢杆菌属。JD和JM3-2菌的Mn(Ⅱ)抗性最低抑制浓度(MIC)为2 mmol/L, J2-3、J4-3和J12-1菌为12 mmol/L。X射线晶体衍射分析表明这5株抗锰菌随生长生成了MnCO3沉淀而将Mn(Ⅱ) 从溶液中去除。其中JD和JM3-2的锰去除率分别为94.28% ± 0.1%和93.10% ± 3.1%。其他菌的锰去除率也均在85%以上。研究发现培养基的pH由起始的7.0变为最终8.5以上, 推测其除锰原理可能是由于菌体代谢改变了培养基pH而将可溶的MnCl2转化为不溶的MnCO3沉淀。本研究证实了和以往报道的锰氧化细菌不同的新型除锰细菌。     

完达山东部林区生境特征对东北林蛙产卵的影响

在研究人员逐渐将研究的焦点集中在栖息生境破碎化和生境丧失对在池塘繁育的两栖动物的影响方面。至今,许多研究已经评估了在多个空间尺度下生境因子对两栖类动物繁育池选择的影响。由于在1个繁育池内1只林蛙只产1团卵,因此利用繁育池内蛙卵团数与生境因子之间存在的内在联系建立生境选择函数模型,探究林蛙繁育期不同生境因子对东北林蛙种群大小的影响。从2012年到2014年5月初至7月末的东北林蛙繁育期,在完达山东部五泡林场,共调查了105个水池,93.33%的池塘中发现了林蛙卵团。在繁育池微生境尺度水平,广义可加模型分析表明,繁育池面积对东北林蛙卵团数产生积极影响,对林蛙卵团数的贡献为0.17;但林木郁闭度和繁育池水表面杂物盖度对林蛙卵团数产生负面影响,对林蛙卵团数贡献分别为-0.30和-0.43。在繁育池周围5km景观尺度水平,森林面积对蛙卵数产生积极影响,对GAM预测模型的贡献为17.99;公路干扰对蛙卵团数产生负面影响,随着距公路距离增加,林蛙卵团数增加,对GAM预测模型的贡献为1.40。研究结果表明,虽然在繁育池微生境尺度水平预测模型包含的变量较景观尺度水平预测模型包含的变量多,但两个模型对于预测林蛙个体产卵团数均有效。因此,可以认为,保护林蛙种群生存和繁育,需要优先保护面积为4—150 m~2,池内水表面有一定杂物覆盖(0—14%),林木郁闭度较小(约10%),森林覆盖率高,距公路较远的区域。     

一株产紫杉醇中国红豆杉内生真菌的分离和鉴定

从秦巴山区中国红豆杉茎和根中分离得到一批内生真菌,其中一株内生真菌LB-10的发酵液经紫外分光光度法、HPLC和HPLC-MS分析,表明其代谢产物中存在紫杉醇,含量为846.1μg/L。通过形态学研究、ITS序列分析,确定该菌株为绿僵菌。     

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles containing miR-181d protect rats against renal fibrosis by inhibiting KLF6 and the NF-κB signaling pathway

Recent studies have investigated the ability of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in regulating neighboring cells by transferring signaling molecules, such as microRNAs (miRs) in renal fibrosis. EVs released by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) contain miR-181d, which may represent a potential therapy for renal fibrosis. miR-181d has been speculated to regulate Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6), which activates the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Luciferase assays were performed to confirm the relationship between miR-181d and KLF6. Gain- and loss-of-function studies in vivo and in vitro were performed to assess the effect of BMSC-derived EVs (BMSC-EVs), which contained miR-181d, on KLF6, NF-κB, and renal fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells were treated with EVs derived from BMSCs followed by evaluation of collagen type IV α1 (Col4α1), Collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) as indicators of the extent of renal fibrosis. Renal fibrosis was induced in rats by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) followed by the subsequent analysis of fibrotic markers. BMSC-EVs had higher miR-181d expression. Overexpression of miR-181d correlated with a decrease in KLF6 expression as well as the levels of IκBα phosphorylation, α-SMA, Col4α1, TGF-βR1 and collagen I in HK-2 cells. In vivo, treatment with miR-181d-containing BMSC-derived EVs was able to restrict the progression of fibrosis in UUO-induced rats. Together, BMSC-EVs suppress fibrosis in vitro and in vivo by delivering miR-181d to neighboring cells, where it targets KLF6 and inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway.Subject terms: Cell biology, Biotechnology     

梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)生理与个体用水策略对降水改变的响应

随着全球变化的加剧,降水改变正导致荒漠生态系统中植物用水策略的适应性变化;对降水变化响应的种间差异性影响着荒漠植物群落组成。研究将生理生态与个体形态尺度相结合,调查中亚荒漠关键种梭梭Haloxylon ammodendron对降水变化导致的自然生境中水分条件改变的响应与适应。实验于2005年生长期开展,在古尔班通古特沙漠南缘原始盐生旱生荒漠中设置3个降水梯度（自然、双倍和无降水）;观测并比较不同降水条件下光合作用、蒸腾作用、叶水势、水分利用效率、地上生物量累积和根系分布的变化。结果表明,梭梭主要利用降水形成的浅层土壤水维持生存;有效的形态调节和较强的气孔控制是其维持光合能力以及适应降水变化的主要机制;降水增多对其产生正效应,预示着梭梭可能在未来种间竞争和群落演替中占有优势。