花椰菜细胞质雄性不育系及保持系中特异序列的克隆、分析

以细胞质雄性不育花椰菜ogura-A和相应的保持系ogura-B为材料进行ISSR及DDRTPCR分析.选用30条ISSR引物,经扩增共产生306条清晰可辨的条带.每条引物可产生6-12条带,其中引物ISSR3在两系中呈现多态性扩增,在保持系中特异扩增出一条1100 bp的片段,序列分析表明该片段与油菜、拟南芥线粒体基因组的部分序列高度相似.推测其可能来源于花椰菜线粒体基因组.在DDRT-PCR分析中,选用3条锚定引物、15条随机引物进行组合,最终共获得1 122条大小在1 000-50 bp的带.经反向Northern杂交验证只有4条带特异的存在于两系中,分别命名为ogura-A205、ogura-A383、ogura-B307、ogura-B352.其中ogura-A205、ogura-A 383只在细胞质雄性不育系中表达,而ogura-B307、ogura-B352在保持系中呈现特异性表达,分析表明四个差异序列均为首次报道.其中ogura-A205、ogura-B307至今尚未发现与之相似的序列,有待于进一步研究;ogura-A383、ogura-352与报道的拟南芥、大白菜等的叶绿体基因的一些片段具较高相似性,推测ogura-A33、ogura-B352搅可能来源于花椰菜叶绿体基因组.以上结果为进一步阐明花椰菜细胞质雄性不育及育性保持的分子机制提供了新线索.     

Water potentials for developing cladodes and fruits of a succulent plant, including xylem-versus-phloem implications for water movement

Developing cladodes had lower water potentials and developingfruits had higher water potentials than the underlying cladodesof the widely cultivated prickly pear cactus, Opuntia ficus-indica.The 0.06 MPa lower value in 4-week-old daughter cladodes indicateda typical water potential gradient from the underlying clad-odealong the xylem of –0.2 MPa m^–1; the 0.17 MPa highervalue in 4-week-old fruits, which decreased to 0.07 MPa by 10weeks, implicated the phloem as their supplier of water. Thephloem sap of the underlying cladodes had an osmotic pressureof only 0.90 to 0.98 MPa, so the phloem could supply a relativelydilute solution to the photosynthetically dependent fruits (daughtercladodes of O. ficus-indica are photosynthetically independentat 4 weeks). Although the water potentials were similar foradjacent tissues, the osmotic pressures were lower for the water-storagecompared with the photosynthetic tissue; the osmotic pressureswere higher for xylem sap from fruits, for which xylary flowapparently occurred toward the underlying cladodes, than fordaughter cladodes. The relative capacitance (change in relativewater content divided by change in tissue water potential) wasapproximately 0.71 MPa^–1 for the water-storage tissueand the photosynthetic tissue of both daughter cladodes andfruits at 4 weeks of age. When these organs approached maturityat 10 weeks, the relative capacitance increased about 40% fortheir water-storage tissue, but decreased 30% for their photosynthetictissue. As the plant water content decreases during drought,about twice as much water will thus be lost per unit volumeof the water-storage tissue compared with the photosynthetictissue of maturing fruits and cladodes. Key words: Opuntia ficus-indica, phloem, relative water content, water capacitance, water potential     

Gene profile of replicative senescence is different from progeria or elderly donor

In vitro cellular senescence of human diploid fibroblast has been a good model for aging research, which shows similar phenotypes to in vivo aging. Gene expression profiling would provide an insight to understand the mechanism of senescence. Using cDNA microarray containing 384 known genes, we compared the expression profiles of three different types of aging models: replicative senescence, fibroblasts from progeria or from elderly donor. Although all of them showed senescence phenotypes, distinct sets of genes were altered in each group. Pairwise plots or cluster analysis of activation fold of gene expression revealed closer relationships between fibroblasts from progeria or from old individual, but not between replicative senescence fibroblasts and either models. Differential expression pattern of several genes were confirmed by RT-PCR. We suggest that the replicative senescence model might behave differently to other types of aging models due to the distinct gene expression.     

Regulation of potato tuber protein accumulation by gibberellic Acid

Many studies have shown that gibberellic acid (GA₃) inhibits tuberization in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). In this study, we have utilized the 40 kilodalton glycoprotein, patatin, as a marker for biochemical events associated with the process of tuberization. To determine the effects of exogenous applications of GA₃ on the induction of the accumulation of this major tuber protein, we measured patatin levels in tubers from treated whole plants, petioles from a single-node cutting system with GA₃ applied in a lanolin paste, and stolon tips cultured in vitro on an inductive medium supplemented with GA₃. In all three systems, GA₃ inhibited the accumulation of patatin and the major 15 and 22 kilodalton tuber proteins. This effect appeared to be selective since most of the other proteins were not affected and, in tubers, at least one protein was stimulated by GA₃. These results suggest that GA₃ can reverse biochemical events of tuberization in tubers as well as prevent the accumulation of the major tuber proteins in other inducible tissues.     

剪接因子SQD在家蚕中的表达定位与功能分析

BmSQD(Bombyx mori SQUID)是一种具有RRM结构域(RNA recognition motif, RRM)的核内不均一核糖核蛋白(heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins, hnRNPs)。为探究SQD在家蚕中的表达定位和功能,在生物信息学分析和克隆表达与抗体制备的基础上,本文通过对变态发育和胚胎发育时期部分组织的BmSQD蛋白水平和mRNA水平表达量进行分析,辅以组织细胞定位的免疫组化分析,对SQD蛋白的基本特性和在家蚕Bombyx mori中的表达定位及功能进行了研究。生物信息学分析显示,昆虫中的SQD同源基因相似性高,尤其是SQD蛋白二级结构的α螺旋和β折叠按照β1-α1-β2-β3-α2-β4的空间顺序组合形成的两个RRM结构域在昆虫中高度保守;BmSQD是一种亲水性且具有特定空间结构的hnRNPs蛋白,存在潜在的磷酸化位点;BmSQD在家蚕中的大部分组织中都有表达,尤其在卵巢与精巢等重要组织,且主要在家蚕发育的重要时期如胚胎发育与变态发育时期高表达,主要定位在细胞核内,对基因转录后调节起到剪接调控作用。本文为研究SQ...     

PCR-based specific detection of Ralstonia solanacearum by amplification of cytochrome c1 signal peptide sequences

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method was developed to detect the DNA of Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt in various crop plants. One pair of primers (RALSF and RALSR), designed using cytochrome c1 signal peptide sequences specific to R. solanacearum, produced a PCR product of 932 bp from 13 isolates of R. solanacearum from several countries. The primer specificity was then tested using DNA from 21 isolates of Ralstonia, Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Xanthomonas, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi. The specificity of the cytochrome c1 signal peptide sequences in R. solanacearum was further confirmed by a DNA-dot blot analysis. Moreover, the primer pair was able to detect the pathogen in artificially inoculated soil and tomato plants. Therefore, the present results indicate that the primer pair can be effectively used for the detection of R. solanacearum in soil and host plants.     

Isotopic signatures of N2O produced by ammonia-oxidizing archaea from soils

N₂O gas is involved in global warming and ozone depletion. The major sources of N₂O are soil microbial processes. Anthropogenic inputs into the nitrogen cycle have exacerbated these microbial processes, including nitrification. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are major members of the pool of soil ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms. This study investigated the isotopic signatures of N₂O produced by soil AOA and associated N₂O production processes. All five AOA strains (I.1a, I.1a-associated and I.1b clades of Thaumarchaeota) from soil produced N₂O and their yields were comparable to those of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). The levels of site preference (SP), δ¹⁵N^bulk and δ¹⁸O -N₂O of soil AOA strains were 13–30%, −13 to −35% and 22–36%, respectively, and strains MY1–3 and other soil AOA strains had distinct isotopic signatures. A ¹⁵N-NH₄⁺-labeling experiment indicated that N₂O originated from two different production pathways (that is, ammonia oxidation and nitrifier denitrification), which suggests that the isotopic signatures of N₂O from AOA may be attributable to the relative contributions of these two processes. The highest N₂O production yield and lowest site preference of acidophilic strain CS may be related to enhanced nitrifier denitrification for detoxifying nitrite. Previously, it was not possible to detect N₂O from soil AOA because of similarities between its isotopic signatures and those from AOB. Given the predominance of AOA over AOB in most soils, a significant proportion of the total N₂O emissions from soil nitrification may be attributable to AOA.