Characterization and application of bioflocculant prepared by Rhodococcus erythropolis using sludge and livestock wastewater as cheap culture media

A new bioflocculant was produced by culturing Rhodococcus erythropolis in a cheap medium. When culture pH was 7.0, inoculum size was 2 % (v/v), Na₂HPO₄ concentration was 0.5 g L^?1, and the ratio of sludge/livestock wastewater was 7:1 (v/v), a maximum flocculating rate of 87.6 % could be achieved. Among 13 different kinds of pretreatments for sludge, the optimal one was the thermal-alkaline pretreatment. Different from a bioflocculant produced in a standard medium, this bioflocculant was effective over a wide pH range from 2 to 12 with flocculating rates higher than 98 %. Approximately, 1.6 g L^?1 of crude bioflocculant could be harvested using cold ethanol for extraction. This bioflocculant showed color removal rates up to 80 % when applied to direct and disperse dye solutions, but only 23.0 % for reactive dye solutions. Infrared spectrum showed that the bioflocculant contained functional groups such as –OH, –NH₂, and –CONH₂. Components in the bioflocculant consisted of 91.2 % of polysaccharides, 7.6 % of proteins, and 1.2 % of DNA. When the bioflocculant and copper sulfate (CuSO₄) were used together for decolorization in actual dye wastewater, the optimum decolorization conditions were specified by the response surface methodology as pH 11, bioflocculant dosage of 40 mg/L, and CuSO₄ 80 mg/L, under which a decolorization rate of 93.9 % could be reached.     

鄂东南低山丘陵区枫香种群的天然更新方式与特征

鄂东南低山丘陵区是一个生态脆弱区, 枫香(Liquidamb ar formasana)林是该地区的重要森林植被类型, 对于维持该地区的生态安全和经济发展具有重要意义。为了探明枫香实生和萌芽更新对枫香种群维持的作用, 采用样方法研究了该地区枫香林和马尾松(Pinus massoniana)-枫香混交林枫香种群的天然更新方式, 并采用不同年代伐桩构建的时间序列研究了枫香伐桩的萌芽更新规律。结果表明: (1) 该地区的枫香种群由实生和萌芽更新植株组成, 但二者的比例在马尾松-枫香混交林和枫香林间存在明显差异; (2) 萌芽更新可以划分为幼苗萌芽和伐桩萌芽更新2类, 其中幼苗萌芽更新是对自然环境的适应, 伐桩萌芽更新是对人类砍伐的适应; (3) 枫香伐桩萌芽更新存在明显的自疏现象, 并最终形成1-2杆的萌代主; 与实生幼苗相比,伐桩萌条具有生长迅速的特点。上述结果表明, 枫香的实生和萌芽更新共同维持了该地区枫香种群的稳定。     

三峡库区地方特有维管植物研究

三峡库区位于我国中亚热带北部 ,既是我国植物种类丰富的地区之一 ,又是我国第三纪古老植物的残遗分布中心之一。从中国特有属的分布来看 ,该区被认为是中国三大特有植物分布中心之一的“川东 -鄂西”的分布中心〔1〕。该区的特有植物是在长期的自然历史发展过程中形成的 ,它们的存在与分布在科研上具有重要价值 ,而且较多的种类又是重要的资源植物 ,在开发利用上亦至关重要。因此 ,作者根据近年来在三峡库区实地调查的结果 ,结合有关文献 ,对三峡库区的地方特有维管植物的种类及分布特点进行了分析与探讨 ,为有效地保护三峡库区特有植物资…     

高原鼢鼠和甘肃鼢鼠胆汁无机元素含量分析

<正>无机元素在动物发育、免疫调节、代谢和繁殖等方面发挥着重要作用(刘季科等,1991;蒲俊华等,2010;Talebnejadetal.,2021;Gashkinaet al., 2022)。现代医学已证明,无机元素的种类和含量影响药材的药性和药效(谭文敏,2015;陈虹等,2017),其已逐渐成为动物药鉴别、炮制加工、质量评价和寻找替代品的重要依据(罗兴洪等,2004)。熊胆属于传统珍稀濒危动物药,     

Identification of protein-coding sequences using the hybridization of 18S rRNA and mRNA during translation

We introduce a new approach in this article to distinguish protein-coding sequences from non-coding sequences utilizing a period-3, free energy signal that arises from the interactions of the 3′-terminal nucleotides of the 18S rRNA with mRNA. We extracted the special features of the amplitude and the phase of the period-3 signal in protein-coding regions, which is not found in non-coding regions, and used them to distinguish protein-coding sequences from non-coding sequences. We tested on all the experimental genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The identification was consistent with the corresponding information from GenBank, and produced better performance compared to existing methods that use a period-3 signal. The primary tests on some fly, mouse and human genes suggests that our method is applicable to higher eukaryotic genes. The tests on pseudogenes indicated that most pseudogenes have no period-3 signal. Some exploration of the 3′-tail of 18S rRNA and pattern analysis of protein-coding sequences supported further our assumption that the 3′-tail of 18S rRNA has a role of synchronization throughout translation elongation process. This, in turn, can be utilized for the identification of protein-coding sequences.     

An examination of on-line machine learning approaches for pseudo-random generated data

A pseudo-random generator is an algorithm to generate a sequence of objects determined by a truly random seed which is not truly random. It has been widely used in many applications, such as cryptography and simulations. In this article, we examine current popular machine learning algorithms with various on-line algorithms for pseudo-random generated data in order to find out which machine learning approach is more suitable for this kind of data for prediction based on on-line algorithms. To further improve the prediction performance, we propose a novel sample weighted algorithm that takes generalization errors in each iteration into account. We perform intensive evaluation on real Baccarat data generated by Casino machines and random number generated by a popular Java program, which are two typical examples of pseudo-random generated data. The experimental results show that support vector machine and k-nearest neighbors have better performance than others with and without sample weighted algorithm in the evaluation data set.     

鄂东南低山丘陵区枫香种群的天然更新方式与特征

鄂东南低山丘陵区是一个生态脆弱区,枫香（Liquidam bar formasana）林是该地区的重要森林植被类型,对于维持该地区的生态安全和经济发展具有重要意义。为了探明枫香实生和萌芽更新对枫香种群维持的作用,采用样方法研究了该地区枫香林和马尾松（Pinusm assoniana）-枫香混交林枫香种群的天然更新方式,并采用不同年代伐桩构建的时间序列研究了枫香伐桩的萌芽更新规律。结果表明：（1）该地区的枫香种群由实生和萌芽更新植株组成,但二者的比例在马尾松-枫香混交林和枫香林间存在明显差异;（2）萌芽更新可以划分为幼苗萌芽和伐桩萌芽更新2类,其中幼苗萌芽更新是对自然环境的适应,伐桩萌芽更新是对人类砍伐的适应;（3）枫香伐桩萌芽更新存在明显的自疏现象,并最终形成1-2杆的萌代主;与实生幼苗相比,伐桩萌条具有生长迅速的特点。上述结果表明,枫香的实生和萌芽更新共同维持了该地区枫香种群的稳定。