Managing performance and power consumption tradeoff for multiple heterogeneous servers in cloud computing

There are typically multiple heterogeneous servers providing various services in cloud computing. High power consumption of these servers increases the cost of running a data center. Thus, there is a problem of reducing the power cost with tolerable performance degradation. In this paper, we optimize the performance and power consumption tradeoff for multiple heterogeneous servers. We consider the following problems: (1) optimal job scheduling with fixed service rates; (2) joint optimal service speed scaling and job scheduling. For problem (1), we present the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions and provide a closed-form solution. For problem (2), both continuous speed scaling and discrete speed scaling are considered. In discrete speed scaling, the feasible service rates are discrete and bounded. We formulate the problem as an MINLP problem and propose a distributed algorithm by online value iteration, which has lower complexity than a centralized algorithm. Our approach provides an analytical way to manage the tradeoff between performance and power consumption. The simulation results show the gain of using speed scaling, and also prove the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms.     

泌桐高速公路生态护坡不同草灌混播10a后的植被群落特征

稳定的边坡群落是公路边坡生态防护的目标,为探究高速公路生态护坡工程10 a演替后群落特征,该研究以泌桐高速公路为依托,布设自然恢复、单一狗牙根播种和5个不同播种密度的草灌混播生态防护措施,分析不同恢复方式对边坡群落组成、生活型和物种多样性的影响。结果表明:(1)调查样方内共有52种植物,分属于17科49属。禾本科、菊科和豆科植物共26属29种,占种总数的55.77%,表明这三大科植物在边坡群落演替过程中起着重要作用。(2) 10 a演替后不同恢复方式下群落中多年生植物比例高于一年生草本植物。(3)在草灌混播样地中,群落物种多样性指数随着播种密度的增加呈先增加后降低的单峰变化趋势,在播种密度为每平方米500株时达到最大。(4)草灌混播的生态恢复效果优于纯草本种植和自然恢复方式。(5)播种密度对草灌混播群落类型,地上生物量和物种多样性指数没有显著影响。从植物的生长效果及成本方面考虑,初播密度每平方米为500~600株的草灌混播可构建较为稳定的边坡植物群落,实现最佳的边坡恢复效果,可应用于类似区域边坡生态恢复工程。     

Substrate-controlled chemoselective synthesis and potent cytotoxic activity of novel 5,6,7-triarylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one derivatives

The substrate-controlled chemoselective synthesis of novel 5,6,7-triarylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one derivatives has been successfully achieved via microwave-assisted three-component reactions of 2,6-diaminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one, aromatic aldehydes and 1,2-diphenylethanone. This approach has the prominent features of chemoselectivity, diasteroselectivity, atom economy, short reaction time, high yield as well as operational simplicity. Moreover, these novel compounds were subject to the test of in vitro cytotoxicity to carcinoma SW1116 and SGC7901 cells. Most of the tested compounds showed significant cytotoxicity to SW1116 cells and compound 4b exhibited more potent and efficacious cytotoxicity to SGC7901 cells than doxorubicin hydrochloride as positive control.     

新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii(Ledeb.) M.Roem.)植物学性状遗传多样性及相关性分析

为加强野苹果种质资源利用与研究,促进野苹果研究工作,以3年来调查收集的新疆野苹果(赛威士苹果)的129个单株资源为材料,对单果重、果实纵横经、叶片大小等12个数量性状和叶片颜色、叶尖类型等5个质量性状进行遗传多样性及相关性分析。分析结果表明:叶片颜色、叶尖类型、叶姿、叶缘、叶面状态5个质量性状分布频率较集中;单果重、果实纵横经、叶柄长、叶片长宽、可溶性固形物、干周、树高均存在较大变异,变异系数幅度为16%~51%。各性状多样性指数也较大,均值为1.9264,叶片长的多样性指数最小为1.7359;果梗长的多样性指数最大为2.0525。新疆野苹果资源拥有丰富的遗传多样性,在于果实相关性状的多样性指数高,且变异幅度大,表明丰富的遗传多样性是新疆野苹果资源的重要特征。     

Redox potential control and applications in microaerobic and anaerobic fermentations

Many fermentation products are produced under microaerobic or anaerobic conditions, in which oxygen is undetectable by dissolved oxygen probe, presenting a challenge for process monitoring and control. Extracellular redox potentials that can be detected conveniently affect intracellular redox homeostasis and metabolism, and consequently control profiles of fermentation products, which provide an alternative for monitoring and control of these fermentation processes. This article reviews updated progress in the impact of redox potentials on gene expression, protein biosynthesis and metabolism as well as redox potential control strategies for more efficient production of fermentation products, taking ethanol fermentation by the yeast Saccharomyces under microaerobic conditions and butanol production by the bacterium Clostridium under anaerobic conditions as examples.     

The initiative role of XPC protein in cisplatin DNA damaging treatment-mediated cell cycle regulation

XPC is an important DNA damage recognition protein involved in DNA nucleotide excision repair. We have studied the role of the XPC protein in cisplatin treatment-mediated cell cycle regulation. Through the comparison of microarray data obtained from human normal fibroblasts and two individual XPC-defective cell lines, 486 genes were identified as XPC-responsive genes in the cisplatin treatment (with a minimal 1.5-fold change) and 297 of these genes were further mapped to biological pathways and gene ontologies. The cell cycle and cell proliferation-related genes were the most affected genes by the XPC defect in the cisplatin treatment. Many other cellular function genes were also affected by the XPC defect in the treatment. Western blot hybridization results revealed that the XPC defect reduced the p53 responses to the cisplatin treatment. The ability to activate caspase-3 was also attenuated in the XPC cells with the treatment. These results suggest that the XPC protein plays a critical role in initiating the cisplatin DNA damaging treatment-mediated signal transduction process, resulting in activation of the p53 pathway and cell cycle arrest that allow DNA repair and apoptosis to take place. These results reveal an important role of the XPC protein in the cancer prevention.     

Patterns of initial recurrence and prognosis after sentinel lymph node biopsy and selective lymphadenectomy for melanoma

The histologic status of the sentinel lymph node is a highly significant prognostic factor for patients with clinically localized cutaneous melanoma. The patterns of initial treatment failure of patients with positive sentinel lymph node biopsy versus those with negative results have not been well described. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative prognostic importance of sentinel lymph node status and to compare patterns of initial treatment failure and prognosis of node-positive versus node-negative cutaneous melanoma patients staged by sentinel lymph node biopsy and selective lymphadenectomy. The authors reviewed the pertinent demographic and surgical data in a consecutive series of patients with cutaneous melanoma who underwent sentinel lymph node staging of nonpalpable regional nodes. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed using a combination of blue dye and radiolocalization. Patients with positive biopsy results underwent selective lymphadenectomy, whereas those with negative results were observed. Site(s) and date(s) of initial recurrence and death were determined, and disease-free and overall survival probabilities were compared between positive and negative groups using the log-rank test and multivariable Cox regression analysis. Between February of 1994 and August of 2000, 408 patients with melanoma underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy to stage 518 regional lymph node basins. Mean Breslow tumor thickness was 2.27 mm (range, 0.2 to 14.0 mm). Eighty-five patients (20.8 percent) had at least one histologically positive sentinel lymph node, and selective lymphadenectomy yielded additional positive lymph nodes in 18 of 84 patients (21.4 percent). Recurrences were noted in 70 patients (17 percent) at a median follow-up period of 31.4 months. Recurrences were more frequent in patients with positive biopsy results (36.5 percent) than in those with negative results (12.1 percent, p < 0.0001). Distant sites of initial recurrence were more likely in the positive group than in the negative group (71 percent versus 49 percent of recurrences, respectively; p = 0.06). The false-negative rate for sentinel lymph node staging was 4.5 percent and overall accuracy was 99 percent compared with clinical follow-up. Disease-free and overall survival correlated significantly with tumor thickness, ulceration, sentinel lymph node status, and the number of tumor-positive lymph nodes (two-sided p < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Multivariable analysis revealed that sentinel lymph node status (p = 0.003), tumor thickness (p = 0.016), ulceration (p = 0.006), and age (p = 0.003) were significant independent predictors of survival for the entire group. Tumor thickness and ulceration were significant predictors of recurrence and survival in sentinel node-negative patients but not in sentinel node-positive patients. Sentinel lymph node histology is possibly the most important negative predictor of early recurrence and survival in patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I and II melanoma. The number of positive lymph nodes provides additional prognostic information. Although sentinel node-negative patients are a prognostically favorable group, various combinations of local and regional recurrences comprise the most common pattern of initial relapse after a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy result.     

基于电泳温度提升建立大鼠肝快速透明化模型

目的:探索一种基于CLARITY技术的快速肝组织透明化手段,为该技术在肝脏上的应用提供研究基础。方法:水凝胶灌注大鼠,取出肝脏待水凝胶凝固后切为1mm薄片。切片随机分为两组,对照组采用常规被动脂质清除法处理,实验组置于特制电泳装置中,在外加电场条件下洗涤脂质,通过提高电泳温度并量化组织透明度,探索最优肝透明化条件。结果:实验组在12V电压下37℃电泳48h时肝切片相对透明度达到最高并保持至96h,随后相对透明度开始下降,而在48h电泳清除脂质后提高温度继续电泳48h,肝组织切片相对透明度可进一步提高且对照组脂质清除速率明显低于实验组。结论:在12V电压下肝组织切片37℃电泳48h再辅以52℃电泳48h可以实现较快速的脂质清除。