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81.
82.
Physiological Responses of Spring Durum Wheat Cultivars to Early-season Drought in a Mediterranean Environment 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The Mediterranean climate of North Africa is characterized byuncertain rainfall immediately after seedling emergence, leadingto drought early in the growing season which depresses durumwheat production. However, there is limited understanding ofthe physiological basis of resistance of spring durum wheatto drought in rainfed Mediterranean regions. The objectivesof this study were to examine differences in some physiologicalcharacters among spring durum wheat cultivars in response toduration of early-season drought, and to determine the relationshipof these characters to drought resistance. In two field experiments(1995 and 1996 growing seasons) and a glasshouse experiment(1996), six spring sown durum wheat cultivars were evaluatedunder four water regimes: well irrigated and three differentwater deficits from emergence until the onset of tillering,mid-tillering or at the end of tillering. Cultivars differedin their response. Decreases in photosynthesis soon after droughtstress was imposed resulted mainly from reduced stomatal conductance.Continued water deficits also reduced mesophyll photosyntheticactivity. Possible factors determining the drought-resistanceof a cultivar are lower sensitivity of CO2exchange rate, netCO2uptake to water loss ratio, stomatal resistance, relativewater content and greater osmotic adjustment under stress. Furthermore,there is sufficient intraspecific variation in these physiologicalattributes to suggest their use as selection tools.Copyright1998 Annals of Botany Company Wheat;Triticum durumDesf.; early-season drought; physiological responses. 相似文献
83.
BETHAN V. PURSE BENJAMIN J. J. MCCORMICK PHILIP S. MELLOR MATTHEW BAYLIS JOHN P. T. BOORMAN DAVID BORRAS IBRAHIM BURGU RUBEN CAPELA SANTO CARACAPPA FRANCISCO COLLANTES CLAUDIO DE LIBERATO JUAN A. DELGADO ERIC DENISON GEORGI GEORGIEV MEDHI EL HARAK STEPHAN DE LA ROCQUE YOUSSEF LHOR JAVIER LUCIENTES OLGA MANGANA MIGUEL ANGEL MIRANDA NEDELCHO NEDELCHEV KYRIAKI NOMIKOU AYKUT OZKUL MICHAEL PATAKAKIS ISABEL PENA PAOLA SCARAMOZZINO ALESSANDRA TORINA DAVID J. ROGERS 《Journal of Applied Ecology》2007,44(6):1231-1242
84.
The number of tumours developing on primary pinto bean leaves(Phaseolus vulgaris L. variety Pinto) inoculated with Agrobacteriumtumefaciens (Smith and Town.) Conn, strain B6, was increasedby as much as 100 per cent through the addition of several plant-growthfactors and antagonists of some of these factors to the freshlyinoculated leaves. Naphthylacetic acid, gibberellic acid, (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, and adenine gave a biphasic responsewith optimal promotions of tumour initiation at 10-5 to 10-4mg/ml. Tri-iodobenzoic acid and 4-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acidwere most active at 10-1 mg/ml. Mean tumour diameter showeda direct correlation with tumour number in these experiments.The results show tumour initiation to be sensitive to growthfactor changes, possibly through a heightened traumatic responseof the wounded leaves. The growth of the tumours was unaffectedby these additions except as they altered tumour number andthis secondarily affected tumour growth. 相似文献
85.
A statistical method for analyzing sensory profiling data obtained by means of fixed vocabulary or free choice profiling is discussed. The most interesting feature of this method is that it involves only simple statistical treatment and can therefore be performed using standard software packages. The outcomes of this method are compared to those of Generalized Procrustes Analysis on the basis of two data sets obtained, respectively, by means of fixed vocabulary and free choice profiling. A significance test is also discussed in order to assess whether the overall configuration of the products is meaningful. This significance test is based upon a simulation study involving the permutation procedure. 相似文献
86.
Effects of Growth Regulators on Polyamine Content and Peroxidase Activity in Hevea brasiliensis Callus 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
3, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (3,4-D) and benzylaminopurine(BAP) at 9 µM (control medium) was compared with 4.5,2.25, and 0.45 µM for ability to induce callogenesis andembryogenesis from seed explants of Hevea brasiliensis. Supplyingthese growth regulators at 4.5 µM for 20 d improved embryogenicpotential compared with the control medium (El Hadrami, Carronand d'Auzac, 1991, Annals of Botany 67, 511515), sustainedputrescine, spermidine and spermine at a higher level throughoutof much of the culture period (4070 d), and maintainedlow levels of peroxidase activity. In the control medium, poorcallus embryogenesis is considered a consequence of rapid ageingof tissues characterized by (i) acceleration of an early buttransient production of polyamines, which promoted embryogeniccapacity, and (ii) an early peak in peroxidase activity thatwas positively correlated with callus browning, one of the factorslimiting embryogenesis. Somatic embryogenesis, polyamines, peroxidase, Hevea brasiliensis, rubber-tree 相似文献
87.
ELŻBIETA GABAŁA 《Invertebrate reproduction & development.》2013,57(1-2):19-28
Summary The present paper is the first to give a comprehensive and detailed characterization of Sertoli cells in the isopod, Saduria entomon, based on transmission electron microscopy. Two types of Sertoli cells, A and B, were distinguished which clearly differ in their location in the wall of the testicular tubule, and in their morphology, ultrastructure, and function. Their occurrence is closely connected with the characteristic arrangement of germ cells inside the tubule. Sertoli A cells occupy only the part of the tubule containing spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes and they are associated with these cells by means of numerous ramified processes running in many directions. They are irregular in shape, but their shape and the ultrastructure are stable during maturation of the germ cells. Sertoli B cells, which compose most of the testicular tubule wall, form a columnar epithelium. They send long processes into the lumen of the tubule by means of which they make contact with maturing spermatids. The cytoarchitecture of the processes is highly variable and reflects their role in spermiogenesis and the formation of sperm bundles. After spermiation, when the apical part of the Sertoli cells has become flattened, they phagocytoze the residual cytoplasmic masses of spermatids, which undergo degradation in heterophagic vacuoles. Simultaneously, numerous autophagic vesicles appear. 相似文献
88.
89.
The vegetative growth of Dactylis glomerata L. in sand was studiedunder controlled light, temperature, and nutritional conditions.Plants were daily supplied with three nutrient solutions ofdifferent nitrate concentrations (102, 103 and2 x 104 mol I1). For each concentration, growthobeyed an exponential law between the fourth and seventh weeksafter sowing. The time constant of the exponential was the samefor the shoot as for the root, and showed no significant variationwith nitrate concentration. The kinetic results and the strong dependence of the root: shootratio on nitrate concentration are discussed on the basis ofThornley's model. Hypothesizing that the molecular mechanismsof nitrate absorption are independent of the nitrate concentrationof the nutrient solution, we derived a relationship betweenthe root: shoot ratio and nitrate concentration. This relationshipwas found to be compatible with the experimental results. Dactylis glomerata L., vegetative phase, kinetics of growth, root: shoot equilibrium, nitrate absorption 相似文献
90.
JELTE ROZEMA STEF WEIJERS ROB BROEKMAN PETER BLOKKER BERT BUIZER CHANTAL WERLEMAN HASSAN EL YAQINE HANNEKE HOOGEDOORN MIGUEL MAYORAL FUERTES ELISABETH COOPER† 《Global Change Biology》2009,15(7):1703-1715
Annual growth of the polar evergreen shrub Cassiope tetragona on Svalbard was evaluated as a proxy for Arctic summer temperatures. Transfer functions were derived from temperature‐growth correlations of shoots and from a temperature‐growth response, obtained from experimental warming using open top chambers (OTC) in high Arctic tundra vegetation at Isdammen approximately 1.5 km southeast of Longyearbyen, Svalbard (78°N, 15 E) and in Longyeardalen, 3 km west of Isdammen from 2004 to 2006. Air temperatures, monitored throughout the summer months, were 1.3 °C higher inside the OTCs than in the control plots. Annual stem growth was measured by tagging stems and leaves, and in the lab with shoots harvested from OTCs and control plots. Annual growth parameters assessed were leaf production, sum of length and weight of individual leaves, and stem length increment derived from leaf scar distances and the distances between wintermarksepta in the stem. Wintermarksepta are formed at the end of the summer growth period when the pith is narrowing and consist of dense and dark tissue ( Fig. 1b ). The variation of annual growth in a 34‐year site chronology (based on Cassiope shoots from the surroundings of the OTCs and control plots) correlated strongly with the mean summer temperature on Svalbard. The number of leaf pairs, leaf length and stem length also increased in the OTC warmed plots in the second and third year of warming. Transfer functions were derived from the temperature‐annual growth correlations from a single shoot from Longyeardalen, from the cross‐dated Isdammen site chronology and from the growth response to experimental warming. Based on leaf scar distances and distances between wintermarksepta of well‐preserved subfossil shoots in arctic tundra soil, annual stem length increase was assessed for the layers of a soil core collected at the Isdammen site. Based on the derived transfer functions summer temperature of the period relating to the 15 cm deep tundra soil core layer, radiocarbon dated at 4230±40 bp , may have been 3.0 °C lower than the present‐day 6.2 °C value. These results indicate that the transfer functions can be used to reconstruct past temperatures, beyond the time range of instrumental temperature and ice core records of Svalbard.