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111.
Affinity labelling of the binding site of rabbit antibody. Evidence for the involvement of the hypervariable regions of the heavy chain
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The binding sites of rabbit antibodies with affinity for the haptenic group 4-azido-2-nitrophenyl-lysine have been specifically labelled by photolysis of the hapten-antibody complex. The extent of covalent labelling was 0.5-0.9mol of hapten bound/mol of antibody and, by using an immunoadsorbent, antibody with 1.3mol of hapten/mol was obtained. The antibody was specifically labelled in the binding site and the ratio of labelling of heavy and light chains was in the range 3.3-5.0. The labelled heavy chains were cleaved by CNBr treatment and after reduction and alkylation of the intrachain bonds, were digested with trypsin. Evidence is presented that two regions of the heavy chain, positions 29-34 and 95-114, together contain about 80% of the label on the heavy chain; these two regions respectively include two of the hypervariable regions of rabbit heavy chain. 相似文献
112.
113.
A mutant of yeast sensitive to growth inhibition by 2,6-diaminopurine (2,6-DAP) was analyzed genetically and found to be a double mutant. One gene, dap, conferred approximately 30% sensitivity to the analogue. The other, slw, potentiated the inhibition such that the double mutant dap slw was inhibited 90%. The mutation dap conferred concomitant sensitivity to a number of other purine analogues. The activity of a purine phosphoribosyltransferase with 2,6-DAP in a strain carrying dap was found to be three times higher than in the wild type. It is inferred that the mutation alters the properties of a purine phosphoribosyltransferase. A possible mechanism for the effect of slw is also discussed. 相似文献
114.
Control of Bacteriophage-induced Enzyme Synthesis in Cells Infected with a Temperature-sensitive Mutant 总被引:9,自引:7,他引:2
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The timing of "early" and "late" protein synthesis in Escherichia coli infected with T-even bacteriophage was studied with a temperature-sensitive phage mutant, T4 tsL13. This strain was completely unable to direct the synthesis of phage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) at 44 C because it makes a deoxycytidylate hydroxymethylase which cannot act at that temperature. However, the mutant did multiply normally at 30 C. No detectable formation of the late protein, lysozyme, occurred at 44 C, in agreement with the idea, proposed by several workers, that DNA replication is necessary for activation of late genetic functions. However, the formation of an early enzyme, thymidylate synthetase, was shut off at about 10 min, as in normal infection. This implied that separate mechanisms were responsible for cessation of early functions and activation of late ones. That the infected cell at 44 C retained the capacity for synthesis of early enzymes was shown by the fact that DNA synthesis occurred after a culture was transferred from 44 to 30 C as late as 30 min after infection. This synthesis was inhibited by chloramphenicol, indicating that de novo synthesis of an early enzyme can take place at a late period in development. It is suggested that cells infected under normal conditions maintained an appreciable rate of early enzyme synthesis throughout the course of infection. 相似文献
115.
Fertility regulation is taught didactically in 82 of 94 medical school departments of obstetrics and gynecology in the United States and Canada, but students are given clinical experience in only 59 medical schools, according to a survey conducted in 1964 by a committee of the American Public Health Association. Legal prohibitions impeded teaching in 1964 in two States and in all of Canada. Nearly all schools teach that help with fertility regulation should be offered for medical and socioeconomic stress, and most teach that it should be offered routinely in premarital counselling and in the postpartum period, but only two-thirds teach that this help should be given to unmarried adults and only one-third teach that any person requesting help with fertility regulation should receive it. 相似文献
116.
Christopher L. Hannay 《The Journal of cell biology》1961,9(2):285-298
Fowler's bacillus is one of several organisms which form a non-viable inclusion or parasporal body during the process of sporulation. This body is globular and may be as large as or larger than the spore. Its position in the cell is not random; the spore is terminal and the body paracentral, lying between the spore and the remaining vegetative cell chromatin bodies. On completion of sporulation both spore and body are contained within an exosporium. The sequence in the development of the cell structures was followed in ultrathin sections of material fixed in permanganate. When sporulation is well advanced the body begins to grow from a single crystal, then presumably as a result of some disorientation in the growth process it develops as a multicrystalline body with the lattices orientated at different angles. When the body approximates the spore in size, a lamella coat is formed and an exosporium develops which eventually encircles the body and the spore. Other lamella systems microscopically similar to those surrounding the parasporal body develop free in the cytoplasm outside the exosporium. In both of these systems the number of lamellae is variable. The spore coat of Fowler's bacillus, consisting of an outer lamella layer and an inner unresolved amorphous layer has been found microscopically identical to the spore coat of B. cereus. In both organisms the lamella layer of the spore coat consists, in contrast to the other lamella systems, of a regular number of lamellae. Physiological tests would indicate that Fowler's bacillus is a variety of B. cereus. 相似文献
117.
A method is presented to study dynamics of plants that cannot be separated into individuals such as many grassland, salt marsh and tundra species. A virtual population is created by using a permanent transect line through the vegetation and individuals are defined as the branch segments distal to the intercept with the transect line. Addition and loss of individuals together with growth or shrinkage form the basis for constructing a size-structured transition matrix. A discrete-event simulation demonstrates that: 1) a virtual population of individuals grows at the same rate as the parent population; and, 2) size-structured transition matrices for a virtual population and parent vegetation have similar dominant and subdominant eigenvalues so a virtual population can be used to describe the dynamics of a parent vegetation.Dwarf birch, Betula nana L., was studied in the northern foothills of the Brooks Range, Alaska, by using photography to record branch intercepts along permanent transect lines. The distal branch segments constitute a virtual population of the parent vegetation. Transects were photographed in 1985 and again in 1986 and changes of branch segments were used to construct two transition matrices for shrubs with and without elevated fertilizer treatment. Analysis of the virtual populations suggests that although Betula nana may show increased branch growth with increased fertilizer, in the long run this shrub may decline in the tundra in response to such treatment. 相似文献
118.
Joseph B. Mazzola Alan W. Neebe Christopher V. R. Dunn 《Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal》1989,1(2):115-142
Early flexible manufacturing system (FMS) production planning models exhibited a variety of planning objectives; typically, these objectives were independent of the overall production environment. More recently, some researchers have proposed hierarchical production planning and scheduling models for FMS. In this article, we examine production planning of FMS in a material requirements planning (MRP) environment. We propose a hierarchical structure that integrates FMS production planning into a closed-loop MRP system. This structure gives rise to the FMS/MRP rough-cut capacity planning (FMRCP) problem, the FMS/MRP grouping and loading (FMGL) problem, and the FMS/MRP detailed scheduling problem. We examine the FMRCP and FMGL problems in detail and present mathematical programming models for each of these problems. In particular, the FMRCP problem is modeled as a generalized assignment problem (GAP), and a GAP-based heuristic procedure is defined for the problem. We define a two-phase heuristic for the FMGL problem and present computational experience with both heuristics. The FMRCP heuristic is shown to solve problems that exhibit a dependent-demand relation within the FMS and with FMS capacity utilization as high as 99 percent. The FMGL heuristic requires very little CPU time and obtains solutions to the test problems that are on average within 1.5 percent of a theoretical lower bound. This FMS/MRP production planning framework, together with the resulting models, constitutes an important step in the integration of FMS technology with MRP production planning. The hierarchical planning mechanism directly provides for system-level MRP planning priorities to induce appropriate production planning and control objectives on the FMS while simultaneously allowing for necessary feedback from the FMS. Moreover, by demonstrating the tractability of the FMRCP and FMGL problems, this research establishes the necessary groundwork upon which to explore systemwide issues pertaining to the coordination of the hierarchical structure. 相似文献
119.
120.
Summary Many rocky shores are subject to periodic inundation by sand, which is often thought to reduce species richness by eliminating
organisms intolerant of sand scour or sand smothering. However, regular disturbance (e.g. inundation) should promote richness
by preventing the development of low diversity climax communities. A study of faunal richness on 10 regularly inundated shores
showed that inundation does promote richness, but by increasing habitat heterogeneity. Some species are excluded from parts
of the shore by sand, but because of the patchiness of sand deposits they are rarely excluded from the entire shore. Other
species are found only on rocks associated with sand, while typically sandy shore animals occur in the sand deposits themselves.
Total richness (281 species) was greater than for local noninundated shores and sandy beaches combined. 相似文献