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31.
Dr. Christoph Schubert 《Cell and tissue research》1974,156(1):103-112
Summary Dorsal tubercle and skin of Mertensiella caucasica have been investigated with the electron microscope and enzyme histochemical methods. The epidermis of the tubercle consists of 8–9 cell layers, that of normal dorsal skin of 5–6. The tubercle is filled with large mucous glands which are surrounded by an almost complete layer of smooth muscle cells (myoepithelial cells). Their glandular cells undergo cyclical changes and are characterized by specific secretory granules, which differ from those of the relatively small mucous glands of the normal dorsal skin.In the connective tissue of the tubercle a relatively rich supply of nerve fibres has been found, which in part contain synaptic and dense core vesicles or accumulations of mitochondria. In the normal dorsal skin nerve fibres occur less frequently.The following enzymes have been demonstrated in the mucous glands of the tubercle: SDH, acid phosphatase, unspecific esterases, E 600 resistant esterase.The tubercle seems to stimulate the female cloaca chemically and mechanically. 相似文献
32.
33.
The aims, content, and organisatory structure of a proposed interdisciplinary ecosystem research project in the Wadden Sea
of Schleswig-Holstein (W. Germany) are briefly presented. The project will include research on both fundamental as well as
applied aspects of the Wadden Sea ecosystems and their interaction with local human activities. In contrast to most of the
other completed or currently running ecosystem research projects on tidal coasts, a considerable part of the scientific work
will also deal with aspects of ecosystem management and protection of the various marine and semiterrestrial habitats of the
Wadden Sea. Considerable attention is paid to theoretical and methodological aspects of research on ecosystems and landscape
units. In particular, the adoption of a hierarchical view of complex biological and environmental systems is recommended.
Presented at the VI International Wadden Sea Symposium (Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Wattenmeerstation Sylt, D-2282 List,
FRG, 1–4 November 1988) 相似文献
34.
35.
A. Moser B. Mayr W. Jury W. Steiner P. Horvat 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》1991,7(4):177-182
The macroscopic mathematical model based on compartments with ideal mixing zones and tanks-in series was evaluated. Based on the experimental data obtained in a 300 dm3 pilot reactor and the dependence of mixing time on the volume of liquid phase, we have found mathematical relations between the ratio of vessel diameter to liquid level, adjustable parameters of model and the mixing time.List of Symbols
V dm3
total volume of bioreactor
-
V
g dm3
total volume of liquid
-
V
1 dm3
volume of ideally mixed zone in the vessel
-
V
2 dm3
volume of macromixer in inner circulation flows
-
V
3 dm3
volume of liquid phase in the pump
-
V
4 dm3
volume of liquid phase in the pipe between the vessel and the pump
-
V
5 dm3
volume of liquid phase in the pipe between the pump and air input system included falling jet
-
V
LT dm3
volume of liquid in the tank
-
V
LC dm3
volume of liquid in the circulation system
-
F
E dm3/s
inner volumetric circulation flow rate across the macromixers
-
F
cir dm3/s
external volumetric circulation flow rate, pumping capacity
-
t
A s
time interval of the pulse application
-
t
AA s
time point of the pulse application related to the free choosen starting point of the experiment
-
t
m s
mixing time
-
t
c s
circulation time
-
t
end s
end time of simulation
-
C
*,* kg/m3
concentration of tracer in the indicated compartment
-
C
0 kg/m3
concentration of the tracer before the injection
-
C
t kg/m3
concentration of the tracer at the indicated time
-
C
kg/m3
theoretical concentration of the full mixed tracer
-
C
sim kg/m3
calculated concentration of tracer during numerical integration method
-
i
index of an arbitrary tank
-
D
T m
diameter of bioreactor
-
D 1/s
dilution rate
-
H
L m
level of liquid in the unaerated vessel
-
vector of inhomogenities 相似文献
36.
Crystals of the NC1 domain of human type IV collagen 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M Stubbs L Summers I Mayr M Schneider W Bode R Huber A Ries K Kühn 《Journal of molecular biology》1990,211(4):683-684
Crystals of the non-collagenous C-terminal region (NC1) of type IV collagen have been obtained from human placenta. These crystals diffract to 2.0 A, and belong to space group P22(1)2(1), with cell dimensions a = 81 A, b = 158 A, c = 138 A, alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees. The crystals contain one hexamer in the asymmetric unit; they are very stable with respect to X-rays. 相似文献
37.
Christoph Richter 《Free radical research》1990,8(4):329-334
The norepinephrine analogue meta-iodo-benzylguanidine (MIBG). a substrate for mono(ADP-ribosylation) and inhibitor of eukaryotic ADP-ribosyltransferases. inhibits the prooxidant-induced and spontaneous calcium release from intact rat liver mitochondria without affecting pyridine nucleotide oxidation and hydrolysis. This finding strongly suggests regulation of calcium release by ADP-ribosylation in mitochondria. and may be relevant for the cellular and pharmacological effects of MIBG 相似文献
38.
Identification and purification of a family of dimeric major cold shock protein homologs from the psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus WSBC 10201. 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Whole-cell protein patterns of a psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus strain from cultures grown at 7 and 30 degrees C were compared. This analysis revealed that at least three major proteins are expressed at a significantly higher rate at 7 degrees C than at 30 degrees C. The most abundant of these cold-induced proteins was a small polypeptide of 7.5 kDa, designated CspA, of B. cereus. In addition, four small proteins very similar in size to CspA were seen on both 7 degrees C and 30 degrees C two-dimensional protein gels. Immunoblot analysis using B. cereus anti-CspA antibodies indicated that the five proteins described above plus an additional sixth protein not visible on silver-stained two-dimensional gels are members of a B. cereus cold shock protein family. This hypothesis was corroborated by cloning and sequencing of the genes encoding five proteins of this family. The protein sequences deduced are highly similar and show homology to small procaryotic cold shock proteins and to the cold shock domain of eucaryotic Y-box proteins. Besides CspA, only one of the additional five CspA homologs was slightly cold inducible. In the presence of 100 mM NaCl, the two purified members of the protein family (CspA and CspE) elute as dimers at an apparent molecular mass of 15 kDa from a gel filtration column. At higher salt concentrations, they dissociate into their monomers. Their ability to bind to the ATTGG motif of single-stranded oligonucleotides was demonstrated by band shift analysis. 相似文献
39.
Induction of accessory cell function of human alveolar macrophages by inhalation of human natural interleukin-2 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gernot Zissel Walter E. Aulitzky J. Lorenz Christoph Huber J. Müller-Quernheim 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1996,42(2):122-126
Accessory function allows antigen-presenting cells to produce sufficient secondary signals for optimum T cell proliferation
and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. Alveolar macrophages are inferior accessory cells compared to monocytes (PBM). We report
here that the accessory index (AI) of alveolar macrophages and PBM of patients with lung metastases of solid tumors treated
with inhalations of human natural IL-2 (hnIL-2) increased following its administration (P<0.005). The accessory index was significantly elevated from baseline values after 2 weeks of inhalation of 300 000 IU hnIL-2/day
(8.2±10.2 compared to 1.1±1; P<0.001). The inhalation of 150 000 IU also induced increases in the index (AI = 2.3±1.9), however, without reaching statistical
significance. In addition at 300 000 IU IL-2/day a significant increase in the accessory index was observed for PBM (4±2.5;
P<0.05). The indices of PBM and alveolar macrophages prior to inhalation showed a significant negative correlation with the
age of the patients (r
s = – 0.5; r
s = – 0.8, respectively; P<0.03 for all comparisons). Our data demonstrate that the inhalational application of hnIL-2 enhances the accessory function
of alveolar macrophages and, to lesser extent, the accessory index of PBM, indicating the occurrence of pharmacological immunostimulation.
Received: 16 August 1995 / Accepted: 4 January 1996 相似文献
40.
A mixing model is coupled with fermentation kinetics in order to simulate a fermentation as a function of mixing conditions and scale-up. The mixing model for a batch stirred tank with three stirrers consists of three regions, each of them characterized by an ideally mixed compartment around the stirrer and two macromixers, i.e. cascades of tank-in-series, describing the recirculation flow. The model contains four parameters — radial and axial circulation time, volume of the ideally mixed stirrer compartment and the number of tanks in each cascade. These values, determined by Mayr et al. in function of the operational conditions and scale-up, were choosen to simulate the fermentation of glutamic acid to show the pH-fluctuation at different control and scale conditions. By choosing optimal regulation properties, such as input flow rate and/or concentration of the base, regulation span, position of the pH-electrode and base input location, etc., fluctuations of the pH-value in the bio-reactor can be minimized. However, the negative effect of insufficient mixing conditions can be reduced only by an increasing number of the base input places. In large scale fermentors, the axial circulation time is rather high, about 5–10 times larger than the radial one. This might result in a large amplitude of the pH-fluctuation. As it is shown, using an input place for base in each stirrer region, the negative impact of the insufficient axial mixing on the fermentation can be diminished perfectly. In this case ammonia should be fed into the reactor as an aqueous solution. 相似文献