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11.
P W Pappas 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》1984,25(3):131-137
The specific activities of the alkaline phosphatase (APase), type I phosphodiesterase and 5'-nucleotidase activities associated with the brush-border plasma membrane of the tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, decrease significantly as the tapeworm grows and matures. Kinetic analyses of the APase activity associated with membrane preparations from whole 6-, 12-, and 18-d-old H diminuta, and individual pieces of 18-d-old H diminuta cut into ten pieces of equal length, failed to demonstrate qualitative changes in the APase activity. Therefore, the decreased specific activities are apparently due to changes in the ratios of enzymatically active to enzymatically inactive membrane proteins (ie, quantitative changes in the membrane proteins) which occur as the tapeworm grows. 相似文献
12.
T cell responses to select Ia determinants using the I-A mutant mouse strain B6.C-H-2bm12 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R R Skelly F Pappas S Koprak A Ahmed T H Hansen 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1982,129(5):2094-2097
The T cell repertoire of B6.C-H-2bm12 mice (an I-A mutant mouse strain) to wild-type Iab antigens was investigated using both secondary proliferative cultures and cloned T cell lines. Because bm12 mice have a gain-loss mutation of their gene encoding the Ia beta-chain polypeptide, bm12 anti-B6 T cell responses are specific for the select component of Iab specificities that was lost as a result of the mutation. Although stimulator cells bearing Iab antigens elicited the strongest responses, Iaq, d, and s antigens also resulted in reproducible stimulations of these bm12 anti-B6-primed T cells. Cloned T cell lines isolated from bm12 anti-b6 cultures revealed similar findings, with most clones recognizing determinants unique for Iab antigens; however, clones showing cross-reactions with Iad and/or q were also selected. Using F1 hybrid responder T cells (mutant x cross-reactive strain), we further dissected this cross-reactivity into several distinct cross-reactive determinants. Because bm12 mice lack the serologically defined Ia differentiation antigen W39, T cell recognition of this determinant was investigated by using bm12 anti-B6-primed cells. Stimulation by Ia.W39+ cells was appreciably better than by Ia.W39- (Xid-defective) cells, suggesting that bm12 T cells recognize an Xid-regulated, W39-like Ia differentiation antigen. 相似文献
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Peter W. Pappas 《Experimental parasitology》1982,54(1):80-86
The membrane-bound and solubilized (using Triton ×-100 or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) alkaline phosphohydrolase (APase) activities of the isolated brush border membrane of Hymenolepis diminuta require a divalent cation for maximum activity. Highest rates of substrate (p-nitrophenyl phosphate) hydrolysis are obtained with low concentrations of Mg2+ (1 mM), although low concentrations of Mn2+, Ca2+, or Zn2+ will also partially satisfy this requirement; higher concentrations of Mg2+ and Mn2+, and other divalent cations (Cu2+, Fe2+, and Pb2+), inhibit the membrane-bound APase activity. Solubilization of the membrane-bound enzyme in either Triton or SDS results in an increase in specific activity and Km, but has little effect on thermal stability of the APase activity. Phosphate, pyrophosphate, adenosine 5′-triphosphate, adenosine 5′-monophosphate, glucose 1-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, and fructose 1,6-diphosphate inhibit substrate hydrolysis, and the relative affinities of these inhibitors for the APase enzyme are altered only slightly upon solubilization. Graphic analyses of data from inhibitor studies indicate that all eight inhibitors will inhibit membrane-bound and solubilized APase activities 100% at high inhibitonsubstrate ratios. Molybdate, F?, 2-mercaptoethanol, cysteine, and p-chloromercuribenzoate inhibit membrane-bound APase activity. Inhibitor data indicate that if more than one enzyme is responsible for the APase activity of the brush border membrane of H. diminuta, the enzymes cannot be differentiated on the basis of substrate specificity. 相似文献
15.
P W Pappas 《The Journal of parasitology》1980,66(6):914-919
Following electrophoresis of isolated, brush-border membranes of Hymenolepis diminuta on SDS-polyacrylamide gels, three distinct areas of alpha-naphthyl phosphate (NP) hydrolysis were detected; these corresponded to proteins with molecular weights of 106,800, 172,700, and greater than 340,000 Daltons. Hydrolysis of NP was inhibited by adenosine triphosphate, adenosine;5'-monophosphate, p-nitrophenyl-phosphate, glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, fructose-1,6-diphosphate, molybdate, ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), and ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-amino-ethyl)-N,N'-tetraacetate (EGTA), but not by fluoride. Inhibition of NP hydrolysis by EDTA was relieved in the presence of Mg++ or Ca++. Heating the isolated, brush-border membrane in the presence of SDS for 5 min at 95 C destroyed all enzymatic activity. These characteristics indicated that the enzyme(s) responsible for NP hydrolysis (following separation of membrane proteins by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) were the same enzymes responsible for the phosphohydrolase activity associated with intact and solubilized, brush-border membrane preparations of H. diminuta. 相似文献
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Tree growth is an indicator of tree vitality and its temporal variability is linked to species resilience to environmental changes. Second-order statistics that quantify the cross-scale temporal variability of ecophysiological time series (statistical memory) could provide novel insights into species resilience. Species with high statistical memory in their tree growth may be more affected by disturbances, resulting in lower overall resilience and higher vulnerability to environmental changes. Here, we assessed the statistical memory, as quantified with the decay in standard deviation with increasing time scale, in tree water use and growth of co-occurring European larch Larix decidua and Norway spruce Picea abies along an elevational gradient in the Swiss Alps using measurements of stem radius changes, sap flow and tree-ring widths. Local-scale interspecific differences between the two conifers were further explored at the European scale using data from the International Tree-Ring Data Bank. Across the analysed elevational gradient, tree water use showed steeper variability decay with increasing time scale than tree growth, with no significant interspecific differences, highlighting stronger statistical memory in tree growth processes. Moreover, Norway spruce displayed slower decay in growth variability with increasing time scale (higher statistical memory) than European larch; a pattern that was also consistent at the European scale. The higher statistical memory in tree growth of Norway spruce in comparison to European larch is indicative of lower resilience of the former in comparison to the latter, and could potentially explain the occurrence of European larch at higher elevations at the Alpine treeline. Single metrics of resilience cannot often summarize the multifaceted aspects of ecosystem functioning, thus, second-order statistics that quantify the strength of statistical memory in ecophysiological time series could complement existing resilience indicators, facilitating the assessment of how environmental changes impact forest growth trajectories and ecosystem services. 相似文献
18.
Cloud computing and web emerging applications have created the need for more powerful data centers. These data centers need high bandwidth interconnects that can sustain the high interaction between the web-, application- and database-servers. Data center networks based on electronic packet switches will have to consume excessive power in order to satisfy the required communication bandwidth of future data centers. Optical interconnects have gained attention recently as a promising energy efficient solution offering high throughput, low latency and reduced energy consumption compared to current networks based on commodity switches. This paper presents a comparison on the power consumption of several optical interconnection schemes based on AWGRs, Wavelength Selective Switches (WSS) or Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOAs). Based on a thorough analysis of each architecture, it is shown that optical interconnects can achieve at least an order of magnitude higher energy efficiency compared to current data center networks based on electrical packet based switches and they could contribute to greener IT network infrastructures. 相似文献
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20.
Christoforos A. Hadjistasi Ioannis J. Stavrou Raluca‐Ioana Stefan‐Van Staden Hassan Y. Aboul‐Enein Constantina P. Kapnissi‐Christodoulou 《Chirality》2013,25(9):556-560
In this study, simple electrophoretic methods were developed for the chiral separation of the clinically important compounds fucose and pipecolic acid. In recent years, these analytes, and particularly their individual enantiomers, have attracted considerable attention due to their role in biological functions and disorders. The detectability and sensitivity of pipecolic acid and fucose were improved by reacting them with fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride (FMOC‐Cl) and 5‐amino‐2‐naphthalene‐sulfonic acid (ANSA), respectively. The enantioseparation conditions were optimized by initially investigating the type of the chiral selector. Different chiral selectors, such as polymeric surfactants and cyclodextrins, were used and the most effective ones were determined with regard to resolution and analysis time. A 10‐mM β‐cyclodextrin was able to separate the enantiomers of ANSA‐DL‐fucose and the polymeric surfactant poly(sodium N‐undecanoyl‐LL‐leucine‐valinate) was able to separate the enantiomers of FMOC‐DL‐pipecolic acid, with resolution values of 3.45 and 2.78, respectively. Additional parameters, such as the concentration and the pH of the background electrolyte (BGE), the concentration of the chiral selector, and the addition of modifiers were examined in order to optimize the separations. The addition of the chiral ionic liquid D‐alanine tert‐butyl ester lactate into the BGE was also investigated, for the first time, in order to improve resolution of the enantiomers. Chirality 25:556–560, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献