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841.
Chad Conroy Jacqueline Ching Yan Gao Xiaojing Wang Christof Rampitsch Tim Xing 《Plant signaling & behavior》2013,8(5)
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways represent a crucial regulatory mechanism in plant development. The ability to activate and inactivate MAPK pathways rapidly in response to changing conditions helps plants to adapt to a changing environment. AtMKK1 is a stress response kinase that is capable of activating the MAPK proteins AtMPK3, AtMPK4 and AtMPK6. To elucidate its mode of action further, several tests were undertaken to examine the response of AtMKK1 to salt stress using a knockout (KO) mutant of AtMKK1. We found that AtMKK1 mutant plants tolerated elevated levels of salt during both germination and adulthood. Proteomic analysis indicated that the level of the α subunit of mitochrondrial H+-ATPase, mitochrondial NADH dehydrogenase and mitochrondrial formate dehydrogenase was enhanced in AtMKK1 knockout mutants upon high salinity stress. The level of formate dehydrogenase was further confirmed by immunoblotting and enzyme assay. The possible involvement of these enzymes in salt tolerance is discussed. 相似文献
842.
Immunocytochemical double-labeling methods are important tools in cell and neurobiology. Here we describe a method which
is based on double immunofluorescence and allows specific detection of two different antigens located in the same cell compartment
by two primary antibodies raised in the same species. As an example, we present the double-immunolabeling method for the S-antigen
(SAg), a photoreceptor-specific protein, and the indoleamine serotonin (5HT) in dissociated trout and rat pineal cells immobilized
on coversliped and in frozen sections of the trout pineal organ. As a first step, the preparations on the slides or coverslips
were sequentially incubated with the first primary antibody (rabbit anti-SAg), the fluorescein-labeled (anti-rabbit) secondary
antibody, and then with normal rabbit serum. Meanwhile, the second primary antibody (rabbit anti-5HT) was coupled to a Cy3-labeled
secondary (anti-rabbit) antibody in a reaction tube and excess binding sites were quenched with normal rabbit serum. This
complex was applied to the specimens after completion of the first (SAg) immunoreaction on the slide. For control experiments,
the first (anti-SAg) or the second (anti-5HT) primary antibody were omitted. Most of the rat and trout pinealocytes were double
immunolabeled for SAg and 5HT. In the trout, few cells contained SAg or 5HT immunoreaction only. This underlines the selectivity
of each immunoreaction. The results show that the method can be used for the analysis of whole cells and tissue sections by
means of conventional fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy.
Accepted: 20 October 1997 相似文献
843.
Roland Bilang Shibo Zhang Nathalie Leduc Victor A. Iglesias reas Gisel John Simmonds Ingo Potrykus Christof Sautter 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》1993,4(4):735-744
A method has been established that allows the targeted delivery of DNA-carrying gold particles to vegetative shoot apical meristems of cereal species. Meristems of 8- to 10-day-old seedlings of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ), rice ( Oryza sativa ) and sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) were manually exposed by removal of the coleoptile and the first three to four leaves. Using ballistic microtargeting, equal-sized gold particles of different diameters ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 µm were propelled to meristems by pulses of compressed nitrogen ranging from 9 to 13 MPa. When accelerated by 13 MPa, particles of 1.4 µm or larger penetrated to cells of L2 in 80% of the bombarded wheat meristems. Expression vectors containing either the gene for β-glucuronidase ( gusA ) or genes regulating the anthocyanin biosynthesis ( Bperu and C1 from maize) were delivered to wheat meristems. The level of transient gene expression was dependent on the osmotic pressure of the MS-based medium that was used to mount the explants for shooting: an increase of the sucrose concentration from 2 to 10% in the medium resulted in an increase of transient gene expression from 5 to 25% of the bombarded meristems. Although particles of 1.4 µm were efficiently delivered to L1 and L2, transient gene expression occurred predominantly in the L1 layer. In contrast, up to 10% of the bombarded meristems had expressing cells in L2 when particles of 2.0 µm were used. Ten days after bombardment, GUS-positive sectors in meristems and in leaf primordia were observed. When destructive GUS detection was omitted, between 80 and 90% of the bombarded ex-plants recovered in vitro on basal MS medium and then regenerated to fertile plants in the greenhouse. 相似文献
844.
845.
Elisabeth Rackles Michael Witting Ignasi Forné Xing Zhang Judith Zacherl Simon Schrott Christian Fischer Jonathan J. Ewbank Christof Osman Axel Imhof Stéphane G. Rolland 《Cell reports》2021,34(3):108653
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846.
Archna Ravi Lavinia Palamiuc Ryan M. Loughran Joanna Triscott Gurpreet K. Arora Avi Kumar Vivian Tieu Chantal Pauli Matthias Reist Rachel J. Lew Shauna L. Houlihan Christof Fellmann Christian Metallo Mark A. Rubin Brooke M. Emerling 《Developmental cell》2021,56(11):1661-1676.e10
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847.
Andrea Weghofer Katharina Klein Maria Stammler-Safar Christof Worda David H Barad Peter Husslein Norbert Gleicher 《Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E》2010,8(1):57
Background
Impact of fetal gender on prematurity has been primarily investigated in singleton pregnancies. In an attempt to understand better how fetal gender may affect gestational length in twin gestations after in vitro fertilization, same-sex twins and opposite twins were compared for pregnancy duration. 相似文献848.