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991.
Three-dimensional Patterns and Redistribution of Myosin II and Actin in Mitotic Dictyostelium Cells 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
Ralph Neujahr Christina Heizer Richard Albrecht Maria Ecke Jean-Marc Schwartz Igor Weber Günther Gerisch 《The Journal of cell biology》1997,139(7):1793-1804
Myosin II is not essential for cytokinesis in cells of Dictyostelium discoideum that are anchored on a substrate (Neujahr, R., C. Heizer, and G. Gerisch. 1997. J. Cell Sci. 110:123–137), in contrast to its importance for cell division in suspension (DeLozanne, A., and J.A. Spudich. 1987. Science. 236:1086–1091; Knecht, D.A., and W.F. Loomis. 1987. Science. 236: 1081–1085.). These differences have prompted us to investigate the three-dimensional distribution of myosin II in cells dividing under one of three conditions: (a) in shaken suspension, (b) in a fluid layer on a solid substrate surface, and (c) under mechanical stress applied by compressing the cells. Under the first and second conditions outlined above, myosin II does not form patterns that suggest a contractile ring is established in the furrow. Most of the myosin II is concentrated in the regions that flank the furrow on both sides towards the poles of the dividing cell. It is only when cells are compressed that myosin II extensively accumulates in the cleavage furrow, as has been previously described (Fukui, Y., T.J. Lynch, H. Brzeska, and E.D. Korn. 1989. Nature. 341:328–331), i.e., this massive accumulation is a response to the mechanical stress. Evidence is provided that the stress-associated translocation of myosin II to the cell cortex is a result of the dephosphorylation of its heavy chains. F-actin is localized in the dividing cells in a distinctly different pattern from that of myosin II. The F-actin is shown to accumulate primarily in protrusions at the two poles that ultimately form the leading edges of the daughter cells. This distribution changes dynamically as visualized in living cells with a green fluorescent protein–actin fusion. 相似文献
992.
993.
A molecular comparison of culturable aerobic heterotrophic bacteria and 16S rDNA clones derived from a deep subsurface sediment 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
994.
Karin M. Jger Christina Johansson Ulrike Kunz H. Lehmann 《Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)》1997,110(2):151-157
Element analysis using electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) was performed in a symbiotic Nostoc sp. strain found in the upper stem tissue of Gunnera manicata, and in Nostoc PCC 9229, a free-living heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium able to enter into symbiosis with the angiosperm Gunnera in reconstitution experiments. ESI and EELS unequivocally identified the four elements nitrogen (N), sulphur (S), phosphorus (P) and oxygen (O) in different inclusion bodies of these biological specimens. High amounts of nitrogen were solely detected in huge cyanophycin granules in vegetative cells of the symbiotic Nostoc strain, whereas large polyphosphate bodies, containing high amounts of phosphorus, sulphur and oxygen, could be seen in the free-living Nostoc PCC 9229. The latter were usually not present or, when found, very small in vegetative cells of the cyanobiont. 相似文献
995.
Sren Petersen Christina Mack Albert A. De Graaf Christian Riedel Bernhard J. Eikmanns Hermann Sahm 《Metabolic engineering》2001,3(4):344-361
Corynebacterium glutamicum possesses high in vivo activity of the gluconeogenic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCk) during growth on glucose, resulting together with anaplerotic carboxylation reactions in a PEP/pyruvate/oxaloacetate substrate cycle. The present study investigated the changes in intracellular fluxes and metabolite concentrations that are caused by altered PEPCk activity in L-lysine-producing C. glutamicum MH20-22B, applying a recently developed (13)C labeling-based strategy for anaplerotic flux resolution and quantification. Abolition of PEPCk activity by deletion of the respective pck gene resulted in increased intracellular concentrations of oxaloacetate L-aspartate, alpha-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, and L-lysine and in a 60% enhanced flux toward L-lysine biosynthesis, whereas increasing the PEPCk activity by pck overexpression had opposite effects. The results of the combined measurements of enzyme activities, in vivo fluxes, and metabolite concentrations were exploited to elucidate the in vivo regulation of anaplerotic reactions in C. glutamicum, and implications for the metabolic engineering of amino-acid-producing strains are discussed. 相似文献
996.
K.-Peter Stahmann Herbert N. Arst Jr Henning Althöfer José Luis Revuelta Nicole Monschau Christina Schlüpen Cornelia Gätgens reas Wiesenburg Thomas Schlösser 《Environmental microbiology》2001,3(9):545-550
Riboflavin (vitamin B2 ), essential in tiny amounts as a precursor for oxidoreductase coenzymes, is a yellow pigment. Although it causes cytotoxicity via photoinduced damage of macromolecules, several microorganisms are striking overproducers. A question, unanswered for decades, is whether riboflavin overproducers can benefit from this property. Here, we report an ultraviolet (UV) protective effect of riboflavin. The spores of Ashbya gossypii , a riboflavin-overproducing fungus, are more sensitive to UV than those of Aspergillus nidulans . The addition of riboflavin to suspensions improves the UV resistance of both spore types. Interestingly, we show that regulation of sporulation and riboflavin overproduction in A. gossypii are linked. In batch culture, both were elevated when growth ceased. At constant growth rates, obtained in a chemostat culture, neither was elevated. Supplementation of cultures by cAMP, a known stress signal, negatively affected sporulation as well as riboflavin overproduction, establishing a second, independent argument for the linkage. 相似文献
997.
David W. Macdonald Paul D. Stewart Paul J. Johnson Jiri Porkert & Christina Buesching 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》2002,108(7):613-628
Linear or despotic dominance hierarchies are common in carnivore societies. However, in feeding experiments in the field with wild European badgers, Meles meles, we found no compelling evidence for any such hierarchies within badger groups, or even between the members of neighbouring groups. The outcome of dyadic encounters within groups was partly determined by asymmetries in weight and length, but these predictors were readily confounded by ownership. Aggression between members of neighbouring groups during encounters at feeding sites at territorial borders was extremely rare. These rather ad hoc aspects of social organization reinforce the view that badger societies are somewhat loosely structured. 相似文献
998.
Additional vein (Adv) is a dominant mutation that affects the first wing vein in Drosophila. It also manifests a recessive lethal phenotype and is associated with a large inversion. Using a combination of genetic and cytogenetic techniques, we show that Adv interacts with engrailed (en), likely because one of the inversion breakpoints interferes with en function. Genetic interaction studies reveal that Adv is lethal in trans with various lethal alleles of en and gives an engrailed-like wing phenotype with weak alleles of en. In situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes using en cDNA demonstrates that one of the inversion breakpoints lies within the en coding region. Although the cause of the wing phenotype is not determined herein, it likely is caused by the other inversion breakpoint interfering with a different function. The characterization of this mutation could expedite studies to understand what molecular events result in the Adv phenotype and thereby provide insight into the development of the first wing vein in Drosophila. 相似文献
999.
Sarah Kiefer Anne Spiess† Silke Kipper Roger Mundry‡ Christina Sommer Henrike Hultsch & Dietmar Todt 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》2006,112(12):1217-1224
Based on the assumptions that birdsong indicates male quality and that quality is related to age, one might expect older birds to signal their age. That is, in addition to actual body condition, at least some song features should vary with age, presumably towards more complexity. We investigated this issue by comparing repertoire sizes of free‐ranging common nightingale males in their first breeding season with those of older males. Nightingales are a good model species as they are open‐ended learners, where song acquisition is not confined to an early sensitive period of learning. Moreover, nightingales develop an extraordinarily large song‐type repertoire (approx. 180 different song types per male), and differences in repertoire size among males are pronounced. We analysed repertoire characteristics of the nocturnal song of nine nightingales in their first breeding season and compared them with the songs of nine older males. The repertoire size of older males was on average 53% larger than that of yearlings. When analysing two song categories of nightingales, whistle and non‐whistle songs separately, we found similar results. Our findings show marked differences in repertoire size between age categories, suggesting that this song feature may reflect a male's age. We discuss those mechanisms that may constrain the development of larger repertoires in first‐year males. Whether repertoire sizes are crucial for female mate choice or in vocal interactions among conspecific males remains open to further investigations. 相似文献
1000.