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81.
Animal community structure as a function of stream size 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Christer Brönmark Jan Herrmann Björn Malmqvist Christian Otto Per Sjöström 《Hydrobiologia》1984,112(1):73-79
The species-area relationship of the island biogeography theory was calculated for macroinvertebrates in 22 coastal, adjacent streams. A z-value of 0.19 was obtained. The low z-value was probably a consequence of the short distances between streams as well as high dispersal rates. In addition, a cluster analysis based on the dissimilarity of species assemblages showed that stream size was of prime importance in categorizing the streams. To a smaller extent water quality affected the community structure in the streams. 相似文献
82.
Summary The behaviour of a drum fermentor and a column fermentor during the sporulation ofPenicillium roqueforti on buckwheat seeds is presented. The main problem encountered during the course of a cultivation is the free water released (about 0.1 ml/g dry matter) which must be removed from the medium. The rotation of the drum fermentor may disturb the growth and the sporulation. The column fermentor thus represents the best way to perform batch cultivation of the fungus: 109 external spores/g dry matter are obtained.Semi-continous cultivation, with sequential emptying and filling, is performed in 1-liter bottles. This kind of cultivation may give a maximal average productivity close to 9.2·106 external spores/g dry matter per hour. A drum fermentor, rotading only when emptying and filling, could represent an alternative to perform this kind of cultivation. 相似文献
83.
Max Kaufmann Jorgen Marqverson Kenneth E. Stanley Christian Mouritzen Hans Hvid-Hansen 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1986,22(1):56-61
Summary The distribution of Corynebacterium parvum labeled with 131iodine or 99mtechnetium was studied in 17 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. The labeled bacteria were given intravenously or intrapleurally and monitored by whole-body gamma tracking and samples of blood and urine. Even though the rate of physical decay is quite different for 131iodine and 99mtechnetium, the tracking time of labeled bacteria was limited to 24 h after injection for both radioactive isotopes. Technetium labeling was preferred because of greater imaging resolution and less radiation dose to the patient. Following intravenous administration, labeled C. parvum was found predominantly in the liver and spleen, and in a lesser amount in the lung. Radioactivity was confined to the pleural cavity after intrapleural injection. These results suggest the combined intravenous and intrapleural route of adjuvant immunosupportive agents such as C. parvum for operable lung cancer patients. 相似文献
84.
Christian J. Le Peuch Danielle A.M. Le Peuch Sidney Katz Jacques G. Demaille Maxwell T. Hincke R. Bredoux J. Enouf S. Levy-Toledano Jacques Caen 《生物化学与生物物理学报:生物膜》1983,731(3):456-464
Calcium-accumulating vesicles were isolated by differential centrifugation of sonicated platelets. Such vesicles exhibit a activity of about 10 nmol (min·mg)?1 and an ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake of about 10 nmol (min·mg)?1. When incubated in the presence of Mg[γ-32P]ATP, the pump is phosphorylated and the acyl phosphate bond is sensitive to hydroxylamine. The [32P]phosphate-labeled Ca2+ pump exhibits a subunit molecular weight of 120 000 when analyzed by lithium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Platelet calcium-accumulating vesicles contain a 23 kDa membrane protein that is phosphorylatable by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase but not by protein kinase C. This phosphate acceptor is not phosphorylated when the vesicles are incubated in the presence of either Ca2+ or Ca2+ plus calmodulin. The latter protein is bound to the vesicles and represents 0.5% of the proteins present in the membrane fraction. Binding of 125I-labeled calmodulin to this membrane fraction was of high affinity (16 nM), and the use of an overlay technique revealed four major calmodulin-binding proteins in the platelet cytosol (). Some minor calmodulin-binding proteins were enriched in the membrane fractions (). When the vesicles are phosphorylated in the presence of MgATP and of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, the rate of Ca2+ uptake is essentially unaltered, while the Ca2+ capacity is diminished as a consequence of a doubling in the rate of Ca2+ efflux. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of cAMP on platelet function cannot be explained in such simple terms as an increased rate of Ca2+ removal from the cytosol. Calmodulin, on the other hand, was observed to have no effect on the initial rate of calcium efflux when added either in the absence or in the presence of the catalytic subunit of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, nor did the addition of 0.5 μM calmodulin result in increased levels of vesicle phosphorylation. 相似文献
85.
Application of Response Surface Methodology to Evaluation of Bioconversion Experimental Conditions 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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Vronique Cheynier Max Feinberg Constantin Chararas Christian Ducauze 《Applied microbiology》1983,45(2):634-639
Using Candida tenuis, a yeast isolated from the digestive tube of the larva of Phoracantha semipunctata (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera), we were able to demonstrate the bioconversion of citronellal to citronellol. Response surface methodology was used to achieve the optimization of the experimental conditions for that bioconversion process. To study the proposed second-order polynomial model, we used a central composite experimental design with multiple linear regression to estimate the model coefficients of the five selected factors believed to influence the bioconversion process. Only four were demonstrated to be predominant: the incubation pH, temperature, time, and the amount of substrate. The best reduction yields (close to 90%) were obtained with alkaline pH conditions (pH 7.5), a low temperature (25°C), a small amount of substrate (15 μl), and short incubation time (16 h). This methodology was very efficient: only 36 experiments were necessary to assess these conditions, and model adequacy was very satisfactory as the coefficient of determination was 0.9411. 相似文献
86.
87.
Nucleotide pools of growing,synchronized and stressed cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Günther Ditzelmüller Wilfried Wöhrer Christian P. Kubicek Max Röhr 《Archives of microbiology》1983,135(1):63-67
High pressure liquid chromatography has been used to study the acid soluble nucleotide pool of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under different conditions of growth. ATP, ADP, AMP, NAD, GTP, UTP, UDP, CTP, CDP, and UDP-sugars plus UMP could be separated and were found in concentrations higher than 0.1 mumol per g yeast cell dry weight (= detection limit). During glucose-limited continuous culture the levels of individual nucleotides depended on the growth rate, which was most pronounced with pyrimidine (uridine, cytidine) nucleotides. The energy charge (E.C.) remained high (0.9) at all growth rates (0.07-0.3 h-1). During synchronized growth at a constant growth rate (0.11 h-1) almost all nucleotide levels and the E.C. remained at constant values with the only exception of UDP-sugars and UMP of which increased levels were found during the phase of budding. Under conditions of metabolic stress (addition of antimycin A, deoxyglucose plus iodoacetate) pronounced changes in the levels of purine (adenine and guanine) nucleotides and the E.C. were observed. All other nucleotides were less influenced by these conditions. Only under these conditions IMP accumulation was observed. The results strongly argue against the significance of purine nucleotide or E.C. measurements under viable conditions. In contrast, changes in the levels of pyrimidine nucleotides seem to be indicative of changes in the flux through the metabolic pathways where they act as coenzymes. 相似文献
88.
89.
90.
Christian Walther 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1974,90(1):71-73
Summary Using a method of focal drug application it is demonstrated that high potassium concentration, lanthanum, and black widow spider venom accelerate spontaneous transmitter release inTorpedo electric tissue.This investigation was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Sonderforschungsbereich 138). Thanks are due to Dr. R. Martin and the staff of the Stazione Zoologica, Naples, for supplyingTorpedo, and Dr. N. Frontali, Rome, for a gift of frozen black widow spiders. 相似文献