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101.
Pre-illumination of cucumber leaf discs at a chilling temperature in low-irradiance white light resulted in accelerated re-reduction of P700(+) [the special Chl pair in the photosystem I (PSI) reaction centre] when the far-red measuring light was turned off. Measurements (in +/- methyl viologen or +/- DCMU conditions) of the re-reduction half time suggest that accelerated re-reduction of P700(+) appeared to be predominantly due to charge recombination and only partly due to reductants sustained by previous cyclic electron flow around PSI. Apparently, charge recombination in PSI was greatly enhanced by inhibition of forward, linear electron flow. Inhibition of PSII electron transport was observed to occur to a lesser extent than that of PSI, but only if the measurement of PSII functionality was free from complications due to downstream accumulation of electrons in pools. We suggest that promotion of controlled charge recombination and cyclic electron flow round PSI during chilling of leaves in the light may partly prevent further damage to both photosystems. 相似文献
102.
Chronic atrophic candidiasis is prevalent in up to 72% of institutionalized geriatric populations and is causally associated with Candida albicans. Topical antifungal treatments are difficult to implement in some geriatric patients due to cognitive impairment, reduced motor dexterity and memory loss. Objective: This in vitro study incorporated antifungal agents into tissue conditioners to investigate the effectiveness of this method of drug delivery. Design: Combinations of nystatin, fluconazole, itraconazole and Coe Soft, Viscogel, Fitt were tested at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11wt/wt%, with and without sterilized saliva. 6 mm diameter cores were punched in Sabouraud plates pre-grown with standardized C. albicans. Antifungal agents plus tissue conditioner mixtures were injected into each core. Inhibition diameters were measured for 14 days. Results: Cores with only tissue conditioners acted as negative control and showed no significant inhibition activity (ANOVA, p>0.05). Peak activity was between 65 to 89 hours; followed by a plateau. Itraconazole had greater fungicidal activity than fluconazole; while nystatin was found to have the least fungicidal activity (ANOVA. p<0.05). The most effective concentration for nearly all combinations was 5%wt/wt (ANOVA, p<0.05). Specimens with saliva showed greater antifungal activity than those without (t-test. p<0.001). Itraconazole altered the physical properties of Viscogel hence this combination is not recommended for clinical use. Conclusion: The treatment of chronic atrophic candidiasis by incorporation of antifungal drugs into tissue conditioners is efficacious. 5% wt/wt itraconazole mixed with Coe Soft or Fitt is recommended for clinical study where compliance of patient or care giver cannot be relied upon. Peak antifungal activity at 3 days suggests that mixtures prepared for clinical study may be replaced soon after this time for maximum effectiveness. 相似文献
103.
104.
The purpose of this study was to examine the mitogenic effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone on neurogenesis in mushroom bodies of the adult cockroach, Diploptera punctata. The occurrence of neurogenesis was studied immunocytochemically after in vivo labeling with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). The number of BrdU-labeled cells in the mushroom bodies was high shortly after adult ecdysis, then gradually decreased, and proliferation ceased on day 8. 20-Hydroxyecdysone injection during the early adult stages significantly delayed the decrease in mitotic activity. Moreover, 20-hydroxyecdysone injection during the late stage stimulated quiescent mushroom body neuroblasts to initiate their mitotic activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicated that the mushroom body neuroblasts of this insect become quiescent in the maturing central nervous system, but retain the capacity for proliferation if exposed to appropriate environmental signals. We conclude that 20-hydroxyecdysone has a mitogenic effect on neurogenesis in mushroom bodies of this insect. 相似文献
105.
gas2 is a multifunctional gene involved in the regulation of apoptosis and chondrogenesis in the developing mouse limb 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Lee KK Tang MK Yew DT Chow PH Yee SP Schneider C Brancolini C 《Developmental biology》1999,207(1):14-25
The growth-arrest-specific 2 (gas2) gene was initially identified on account of its high level of expression in murine fibroblasts under growth arrest conditions, followed by downregulation upon reentry into the cell cycle (Schneider et al., Cell 54, 787-793, 1988). In this study, the expression patterns of the gas2 gene and the Gas2 peptide were established in the developing limbs of 11.5- to 14. 5-day mouse embryos. It was found that gas2 was expressed in the interdigital tissues, the chondrogenic regions, and the myogenic regions. Low-density limb culture and Brdu incorporation assays revealed that gas2 might play an important role in regulating chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, it might play a similar role during limb myogenesis. In addition to chondrogenesis and myogeneis, gas2 is involved in the execution of the apoptotic program in hindlimb interdigital tissues-by acting as a death substrate for caspase enzymes. TUNEL analysis demonstrated that the interdigital tissues underwent apoptosis between 13.5 and 15.5 days. Exactly at these time points, the C-terminal domain of the Gas2 peptide was cleaved as revealed by Western blot analysis. Moreover, pro-caspase-3 (an enzyme that can process Gas2) was cleaved into its active form in the interdigital tissues. The addition of zVAD-fmk, a caspase enzyme inhibitor, to 12.5-day-old hindlimbs maintained in organ culture revealed that the treatment inhibited interdigital cell death. This inhibition correlated with the absence of the Gas2 peptide and pro-caspase-3 cleavage. The data suggest that Gas2 might be involved in the execution of the apoptotic process. 相似文献
106.
Tsai WY Chow YT Chen HR Huang KT Hong RI Jan SP Kuo NY Tsao TY Chen CH Cheng SC 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1999,274(14):9455-9462
The Prp19p protein of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an essential splicing factor and is associated with the spliceosome during the splicing reaction. We have previously shown that Prp19p is not tightly associated with small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles but is associated with a protein complex consisting of at least eight protein components. By sequencing components of the affinity-purified complex, we have identified Cef1p as a component of the Prp19p-associated complex, Ntc85p. Cef1p could directly interact with Prp19p and was required for pre-mRNA splicing both in vivo and in vitro. The c-Myb DNA binding motif at the amino terminus of Cef1p was required for cellular growth but not for interaction of Cef1p with Prp19p or Cef1p self-interaction. We have identified a small region of 30 amino acid residues near the carboxyl terminus required for both cell viability and protein-protein interactions. Cef1p was associated with the spliceosome in the same manner as Prp19p, i.e. concomitant with or immediately after dissociation of U4. The anti-Cef1p antibody inhibited binding to the spliceosome of Cef1p, Prp19p, and at least three other components of the Prp19p-associated complex, suggesting that the Prp19p-associated complex is likely associated with the spliceosome and functions as an integral complex. 相似文献
107.
Chan AC Chow CK Chiu D 《Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.)》1999,222(3):274-282
The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a steady-state cellular event in respiring cells. Their production can be grossly amplified in response to a variety of pathophysiological conditions such as inflammation, immunologic disorders, hypoxia, hyperoxia, metabolism of drug or alcohol, exposure to UV or therapeutic radiation, and deficiency in antioxidant vitamins. Uncontrolled production of ROS often leads to damage of cellular macromolecules (DNA, protein, and lipids) and other small antioxidant molecules. A number of major cellular defense mechanisms exist to neutralize and combat the damaging effects of these reactive substances. The enzymic system functions by direct or sequential removal of ROS (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), thereby terminating their activities. Metal binding proteins, targeted to bind iron and copper ions, ensure that these Fenton metals are cryptic. Nonenzymic defense consists of scavenging molecules that are endogenously produced (GSH, ubiquinols, uric acid) or those derived from the diet (vitamins C and E, lipoic acid, selenium, riboflavin, zinc, and the carotenoids). These antioxidant nutrients occupy distinct cellular compartments and among them, there are active recycling. For example, oxidized vitamin E (tocopheroxy radical) has been shown to be regenerated by ascorbate, GSH, lipoic acid, or ubiquinols. GSH disulfides (GSSG) can be regenerated by GSSG reductase (a riboflavin-dependent protein), and enzymic pathways have been identified for the recycling of ascorbate radical and dehydroascorbate. The electrons that are used to fuel these recycling reactions (NADH and NADPH) are ultimately derived from the oxidation of foods. Sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, and glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency are all hereditary disorders with higher potential for oxidative damage due to chronic redox imbalance in red cells that often results in clinical manifestation of mild to serve hemolysis in patients with these disorders. The release of hemoglobin during hemolysis and the subsequent therapeutic transfusion in some cases lead to systemic iron overloading that further potentiates the generation of ROS. Antioxidant status in anemia will be examined, and the potential application of antioxidant treatment as an adjunct therapy under these conditions will be discussed. 相似文献
108.
Heart-type fatty acid binding proteins are upregulated during terminal differentiation of mouse cardiomyocytes,as revealed by proteomic analysis 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
At birth, the cardiomyocytes in the mouse neonatal heart still retain their ability to proliferate. However, this lasts only a few days and then the cardiomyocytes irreversibly lose their potential to divide. It is still not fully understood what factors are involved in the cessation of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibodies, we established that cardiomyocytes could divide extensively in 2-day-old mouse neonatal hearts and to a lesser extent in 6-day-old hearts. By 13 days, the cardiomyocytes have mostly stopped dividing. Comparative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was performed on total proteins extracted from the 2-day- and 13-day-old hearts, in order to identify peptides that might be involved in the inhibition of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF), we identified two protein spots that have the same molecular weight (approximately 14 kDa) but different pIs (5.9 and 6.1). Mass spectra analysis determined the proteins to be isoforms of the heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP). The pI 6.1 H-FABP is also known as mammary-derived growth inhibitor (MDGI; Specht et al. 1996). MGDI is a breast tumour growth suppressor gene capable of inhibiting tumour cell proliferation (Huynh et al. 1995). Both H-FABP isoforms were expressed in 2-day-old hearts but became strongly upregulated in 13-day-old hearts. We examined whether H-FABPs and PCNA were coexpressed in 2-, 6- and 13-day-old heart histological sections, using MDGI antibodies. The antibody could detect both forms of H-FABPs. It was established that there was a correlation between an increase in H-FABP expression and a decrease in PCNA expression. Hence, we tentatively propose that H-FABP isoforms are involved in regulating cardiomyocyte growth and differentiation in mouse neonatal hearts.This project was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 30340038). 相似文献
109.
It has been shown that rat aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs) lost PKG-I expression when propagated repetitively or grown at low densities. Conversely, AoSMCs isolated from PKG-I deficient mice are indistinguishable from those isolated from normal mice in morphology and growth characteristics. In this study, human AoSMCs were grown from passage 9 (p9) to passage 15 (p15) and rat AoSMCs were isolated and cultured from p1 through p15. Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy showed little difference in PKG-I expression among different passages. Next, rat AoSMCs of p4 were grown and harvested at different cell densities. Western blotting again showed little difference among cells seeded or harvested at different densities. To test the effect of cell passage on PKG-I activation, rat AoSMCs of p4 and p11 were treated with cGMP and analyzed by Western blotting for phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (P-VASP). The results showed that p4 had higher level of PKG-I activation than p11. 相似文献
110.
Dodge MA Waller RF Chow LM Zaman MM Cotton LM McConville MJ Wirth DF 《Molecular microbiology》2004,51(6):1563-1575
Upregulation of the multidrug resistance protein 1 (LeMDR1) in the protozoan parasite, Leishmania enriettii, confers resistance to hydrophobic drugs such as vinblastine, but increases the sensitivity of these parasites to the mitochondrial drug, rhodamine 123. In order to investigate the mechanism of action of LeMDR1, the subcellular localization of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged versions of LeMDR1 and the fate of the traceable-fluorescent LeMDR1 substrate calcein AM were examined in both Leishmania mexicana and L. enriettii LeMDR1 -/- and overexpressing cell lines. The LeMDR1-GFP chimera was localized by fluorescence microscopy to a number of secretory and endocytic compartments, including the Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and a multivesicular tubule (MVT)-lysosome. Pulse-chase labelling experiments with calcein AM suggested that the Golgi and ER pools, but not the MVT-lysosome pool, of LeMDR1 were active in pumping calcein AM out of the cell. Cells labelled with calcein AM under conditions that slow vesicular transport (low temperature and stationary growth) inhibited export and resulted in the accumulation of fluorescent calcein in both the Golgi and the mitochondria. We propose that LeMDR1 substrates are pumped into secretory compartments and exported from the parasite by exocytosis. Accumulation of MDR substrates in the ER can result in alternative transport to the mitochondrion, explaining the reciprocal sensitivity of drug-resistant Leishmania to vinblastine and rhodamine 123. 相似文献