ROC曲线分析在评价入侵物种分布模型中的应用

生态位模型（ecological niche models,ENMs）已广泛应用于物种潜在分布区预测,ENMs的应用也为外来入侵物种的风险分析提供了重要的定量化分析工具,但如何评价不同模型之间的预测效果成了当今研究的热点问题。本文介绍了受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析在评价不同生态位模型预测效果中的应用原理和分析方法,并以一种植物病原线虫-相似穿孔线虫（Radopholus similis）为例,应用ROC曲线分析法对其5种模型（BIOCLIM,CLIMEX,DOMAIN,GARP,MAXENT）的预测结果进行了比较分析。5种模型的ROC曲线下面积AUC（Area Under Curve）值分别为0.810,0.758,0.921,0.903和0.950,以MAXENT模型的AUC值最大,表明其预测效果最好;方差分析结果表明,除GARP与DOMAIN模型之间AUC值差异不显著外,其余各模型之间差异显著。     

不同番木瓜品种植株感染环斑花叶病毒后PAL、PPO、POD活性的变化

对不同品种番木瓜接种环斑花叶病毒后,测定植株苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性变化,比较各品种的抗病性。结果表明,未接种的5个品种间PAL、PPO、POD活性差异较小,其酶活性水平次序为马来10号> 蜜红3号> 马来6号> 马来2号> 台农2号。接种后,5个品种的PAL、PPO、POD活性明显高于各对照水平,其中马来10号变化最突出,台农2号变化最缓慢。     

Generation and Analysis of ESTs from the Grass Carp,Ctenopharyngodon idellus

Grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus (Valenciennes, 1844), is an economically important species widely cultured in the world, but its genome research resources are largely lacking. The objectives of this study were to construct normalized cDNA libraries for efficient EST analysis, to generate ESTs from these libraries, and to identify EST-related molecular markers such as microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for genetic analysis of this species. A total of 6,269 ESTs were generated representing 4,815 unique sequences, from which 105 putative microsatellites and 5,228 SNPs were identified. These genome resources provide the material basis for future genetic and functional analyses in this species.     

Ephrin‐A3 reverse signaling regulates hippocampal neuronal damage and astrocytic glutamate transport after transient global ischemia

Increasing evidence indicates that the Eph receptors and their ephrin ligands are involved in the regulation of interactions between neurons and astrocytes. Moreover, astrocytic ephrin‐A3 reverse signaling mediated by EphA4 receptors is necessary for controlling the abundance of glial glutamate transporters. However, the role of ephrin‐A3 reverse signaling in astrocytic function and neuronal death under ischemic conditions remains unclear. In the present study, we found that the EphA4 receptor and its ephrin‐A3 ligand, which were distributed in neurons and astrocytes, respectively, in the hippocampus showed a coincident up‐regulation of protein expression in the early stage of ischemia. Application of clustered EphA4 decreased the expressions of astrocytic glutamate transporters together with astrocytic glutamate uptake capacity through activating ephrin‐A3 reverse signaling. In consequence, neuronal loss was aggravated in the CA1 region of the hippocampus accompanied by impaired hippocampus‐dependent spatial memory when clustered EphA4 treatment was administered prior to transient global ischemia. These findings indicate that EphA4‐mediated ephrin‐A3 reverse signaling is a crucial mechanism for astrocytes to control glial glutamate transporters and prevent glutamate excitotoxicity under pathological conditions.

     

嗜盐菌群对酸性金黄G的脱色特性和机理

【目的】为了获得能够在高盐环境下脱色偶氮染料的嗜盐菌群及其降解机理。【方法】采用富集驯化的方法获得一个嗜盐菌群,采用Illumina HiSeq2500测序平台对其群落结构进行测定;采用分光光度法测定了其降解特性;采用GC-MS和红外图谱分析了其降解机理;采用微核实验的方法比较了偶氮染料降解前后的毒性。【结果】该菌群在10%的盐度下,使100mg/L的酸性金黄G在8h内脱色。菌群主要由Zobellella、Rheinheimera、Exiguobacterium和Marinobacterium组成。最适宜的脱色条件是:pH=6,酵母粉为碳源,蛋白胨或硝酸钾作为氮源,盐度为1%–10%。酸性金黄G降解产物的毒性比降解前降低。酸性金黄G主要的降解产物是对氨基二苯胺和二苯胺。此外,该菌群还能使酸性大红GR和直接湖蓝5B等多种偶氮染料脱色,具有较好的脱色广谱性。【结论】获得了快速降解偶氮染料的嗜盐菌群及降解机理,为该嗜盐菌群应用于高盐印染废水的处理提供菌种资源和理论支持。     

Analysis of variable sites between two complete South China tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis) mitochondrial genomes

In order to investigate the mitochondrial genome of Panthera tigris amoyensis, two South China tigers (P25 and P27) were analyzed following 15 cymt-specific primer sets. The entire mtDNA sequence was found to be 16,957 bp and 17,001 bp long for P25 and P27 respectively, and this difference in length between P25 and P27 occurred in the number of tandem repeats in the RS-3 segment of the control region. The structural characteristics of complete P. t. amoyensis mitochondrial genomes were also highly similar to those of P. uncia. Additionally, the rate of point mutation was only 0.3% and a total of 59 variable sites between P25 and P27 were found. Out of the 59 variable sites, 6 were located in 6 different tRNA genes, 6 in the 2 rRNA genes, 7 in non-coding regions (one located between tRNA-Asn and tRNA-Tyr and six in the D-loop), and 40 in 10 protein-coding genes. COI held the largest amount of variable sites (9 sites) and Cytb contained the highest variable rate (0.7%) in the complete sequences. Moreover, out of the 40 variable sites located in 10 protein-coding genes, 12 sites were nonsynonymous.     

甘薯遗传作图策略研究与展望

甘薯分子遗传图谱的建立对甘薯分子育种技术体系的拓展和应用具有重要意义。当前,对甘薯分子遗传图谱的研究虽然取得一定的进展,但存在着很多技术瓶颈,如作图策略应用和优化等。总结了甘薯经典和分子遗传研究进展,剖析了甘薯分子遗传图谱作图的3种方法与策略;探讨和提出了提高甘薯作图效率和质量的途径主要是:优化作图群体质量、克服偏分离、整合多群体间遗传连锁图谱和选择合适的分子标记类型;并指出染色体关联在遗传作图中的重要性,提出甘薯分子育种领域亟待加强的方面,以期为今后甘薯精密分子图谱的建立及基于分子图谱的甘薯分子育种提供新的思路。     

海南橡胶林植物多样性特征

为探讨人工林物种多样性维持机制及人为干扰后人工林群落的多样性恢复机制, 作者依据自然林的核心理论建立了一个1 ha的橡胶(Hevea brasiliensis)林固定样地, 通过研究近自然管理后样地内植物物种组成与分布来探讨近自然管理后橡胶林生物多样性的特征。结果表明: 近自然管理后橡胶林群落物种多样性较高, 1 ha样地内共有植物69科155属183种。在面积为4,000 m²、3,000 m²和2,000 m²时分别包含了样地内大约90%的种、属和科; 逻辑斯蒂模型拟合拟合种-面积曲线效果较好(R²=0.997), 证明了1 ha取样尺度可以满足橡胶林群落物种多样性研究的需要。多度-面积曲线和丰富度-面积曲线与随机分布模型有明显的差异, 表明橡胶林群落内个体数及物种分布呈非随机性。(4)对数级数模型和对数正态模型拟合橡胶林群落的种-多度分布都不理想, 相比而言后者拟合效果稍好。     

Optimization of recombinant aminolevulinate synthase production in<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Escherichia coli</Emphasis> using factorial design

The production of recombinant Rhodobacter sphaeroides aminolevulinate (ALA) synthase was optimized in two strains of Escherichia coli: the wild-type strain MG1655, and a ptsG mutant AFP111. The effects of initial succinate, glucose and isopropyl--d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) concentrations and the time of induction on enzyme activity were studied. One-way analysis was used to approximate the optimal ranges for these factors, followed by a full factorial design to quantify the effects of each factor and the interactions between the factors. Initial succinate, glucose, and IPTG concentration were observed to be the key factors affecting ALA synthase activity with the optimal levels determined to be above 6 g/l succinate, 0 g/l glucose, and 0.10 mM IPTG. ALA synthase activity was generally lower with AFP111 than with MG1655, and the effect of these three key factors was also lower with AFP111 than with MG1655. Based on the full factorial design results, a fermentation was completed that yielded 296 mU/mg protein with a final ALA concentration of 5.2 g/l (39 mM).     

缺氧环境下白细胞介素8通过Akt-STAT3通路提高骨髓间充质干细胞自噬和增殖能力

探讨缺氧环境下,白细胞介素8(Interleukin-8,IL-8)对人骨髓间充质干细胞(Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,hBMSC)增殖和自噬能力的影响以及机制。在缺氧模型下,未进行刺激的hBMSC为缺氧对照组;以100μmol/L人IL-8蛋白刺激的MSC为IL-8组;若先添加50μmol/L MK2206(Akt蛋白抑制剂)培养30 min,然后再添加100μmol/L IL-8则为Akt抑制剂组,在正常条件下培养的MSC为正常对照组。利用Ed U细胞增殖实验、TUNEL细胞凋亡实验、Western blotting或ELISA等实验分别检测各组MSC细胞Ed U标记阳性细胞的数目、细胞凋亡、自噬蛋白(LC-3)和Akt/STAT3等蛋白的表达。相对于缺氧对照组和Akt抑制剂组,IL-8明显提高hBMSC增殖和细胞自噬,并降低hBMSC的凋亡率,IL-8组hBMSC的Akt、STAT3和VEGF等蛋白表达增高。结果表明,缺氧环境下,IL-8通过Akt-STAT3通路发挥对MSC的保护作用,对保护MSC抗缺血缺氧性损伤,促进MSC在再生医学中应用具有重要意义。