大鼠脑神经元特异性烯醇化酶基因的cDNA克隆及序列分析

用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法快速克隆了Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠脑神经元特异性烯醇化酶（ＮＳＥ）的ｃＤＮＡ,将此包括编码全长ＮＳＥ４３３个氨基醚的ＤＮＡ片段重组入ｐＵＣ质粒,并用ＰＣＲ方法测定了全部顺序,经重复实验,发现Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠与Ｆｏｒｓｓ－Ｐｅｔｔｅｒ报导的ＳＤ大鼠ＮＳＥ基因顺序,有两外单碱基的差别,其中一个涉及氨基酸的改变。同时还对ＲＮＡ的提取及长片段ＤＮＡ的ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增进行了方法学的探讨。     

Membrane association of functional vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein in vivo.

The matrix (M) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a major structural component of the virion which is generally believed to bridge between the membrane envelope and the ribonucleocapsid (RNP) core. To investigate the interaction of M protein with cellular membranes in the absence of other VSV proteins, we examined its distribution by subcellular fractionation after expression in HeLa cells. Approximately 90% of M protein, expressed without other viral proteins, was soluble, whereas the remaining 10% was tightly associated with membranes. A similar distribution in VSV-infected cells has been observed previously. Conditions known to release peripherally associated membrane proteins did not detach M protein from isolated membranes. Membrane-associated M protein was soluble in the detergent Triton X-114, whereas soluble M protein was not, suggesting a chemical or conformational difference between the two forms. Membranes containing associated M protein were able to bind RNP cores, whereas membranes lacking M protein were not. We suggest that this membrane-bound M fraction constitutes a functional subset of M protein molecules required for the attachment of RNP cores to membranes during normal virus budding.     

大鼠肝癌中α_2-巨球蛋白等几种分泌性蛋白基因表达的变化

用Northern blot方法对二乙基亚硝胺所诱发的大鼠肝癌中内源性蛋白酶抑制因子α_2-巨球蛋白(α_2-M)、非特异性免疫抑制剂α_1-酸性糖蛋白(α_1-AGP)及雄性激素正调控的α-2u球蛋白(α-2u)三种分泌性蛋白基因表达情况进行了分析。结果表明在大部分(14/16)肝癌样品中α_2-M RNA水平显著降低;而α_1-AGP RNA水平显著高于正常对照水平;α-2u RNA水平明显下降,但在某些雄性大鼠肝癌样品中该基因却有一定程度的表达。这些结果说明,一些肿瘤宿主血浆中α_2-M水平的显著下降及α_1-AGP水平的明显升高分别是由于基因表达活性的下降及升高所致。α-2u基因表达的异常提示,在癌变过程中机体的内分泌功能发生了某些变化。     

The lepidopteran mitochondrial control region: structure and evolution

For several species of lepidoptera, most of the approximately 350-bp mitochondrial control-region sequences were determined. Six of these species are in one genus, Jalmenus; are closely related; and are believed to have undergone recent rapid speciation. Recent speciation was supported by the observation of low interspecific sequence divergence. Thus, no useful phylogeny could be constructed for the genus. Despite a surprising conservation of control-region length, there was little conservation of primary sequences either among the three lepidopteran genera or between lepidoptera and Drosophila. Analysis of secondary structure indicated only one possible feature in common--inferred stem loops with higher-than-random folding energies-- although the positions of the structures in different species were unrelated to regions of primary sequence similarity. We suggest that the conserved, short length of control regions is related to the observed lack of heteroplasmy in lepidopteran mitochondrial genomes. In addition, determination of flanking sequences for one Jalmenus species indicated (i) only weak support for the available model of insect 12S rRNA structure and (ii) that tRNA translocation is a frequent event in the evolution of insect mitochondrial genomes.      

基于叶绿体基因组数据的芸香科属间系统发育初步分析（专题约稿）

该研究在人工控制水分条件下,设置3个干旱胁迫处理,选用3个主栽油菜品种‘陇油10号’、‘陇油2号’、‘青杂5号’幼苗进行盆栽试验,测定干旱胁迫条件下叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、光合气体交换参数及叶绿素荧光参数等指标,考察各指标在干旱胁迫过程中的变化特征,并通过主成分分析(PCA)和隶属函数法评价品种的抗旱性及其主要响应因子,以揭示西北地区油菜幼苗响应干旱胁迫的光合调控机制。结果表明：(1)各品种油菜幼苗的叶片相对含水量(RWC)均随干旱胁迫程度的递增而逐渐降低,最大水分亏缺(WSD)却逐渐上升。(2)各品种油菜幼苗叶片的叶绿素a含量、叶绿素总含量随着干旱胁迫程度的递增而先增加后递减,且同一种幼苗在不同处理间差异显著。(3)各品种油菜幼苗叶片的净光合速率(P_n)、水分利用效率(WUE)、单株生物量、气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)均在受到干旱胁迫时迅速降低,且同一品种幼苗在不同处理间差异显著,而其叶片蒸腾速率(T_r)在干旱胁迫下无显著变化。(4)各品种油菜幼苗叶片光化学猝灭系数(qP)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)随着干旱胁迫程度的递增先增加后递减,最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)和电子传递速率(ETR)在受到干旱胁迫时迅速降低,且同一品种幼苗在不同处理间差异显著。(5)主成分分析结果表明,在油菜幼苗受到干旱胁迫时RWC、C_i、G_s、P_n、WUE、叶绿素总含量、叶绿素a含量和NPQ起主要调控作用;隶属函数法综合评价表明,3个品种油菜幼苗耐旱能力由高到低依次为‘陇油10号’＞‘陇油2号’＞‘青杂5号’。     

Glutamine repeats and inherited neurodegenerative diseases: molecular aspects

Several dominantly inherited, late onset, neurodegenerative diseases are due to expansion of CAG repeats, leading to expansion of glutamine repeats in the affected proteins. These proteins are of very different sizes and, with one exception, show no sequence homology to known proteins or to each other; their functions are unknown. In some, the glutamine repeat starts near the N-terminus, in another near the middle and in another near the C-terminus, but regardless of these differences, no disease has been observed in individuals with fewer than 37 repeats, and absence of disease has never been found in those with more than 41 repeats. Protein constructs with more than 41 repeats are toxic to E. coli and to CHO cells in culture, and they elicit ataxia in transgenic mice. These observations argue in favour of a distinct change of structure associated with elongation beyond 37–41 glutamine repeats. The review describes experiments designed to find out what these structures might be and how they could influence the properties of the proteins of which they form part. Poly- -glutamines form pleated sheets of β-strands held together by hydrogen bonds between their amides. Incorporation of glutamine repeats into a small protein of known structure made it associate irreversibly into oligomers. That association took place during the folding of the protein molecules and led to their becoming firmly interlocked by either strand- or domain-swapping. Thermodynamic considerations suggest that elongation of glutamine repeats beyond a certain length may lead to a phase change from random coils to hydrogen-bonded hairpins. Possible mechanisms of expansion of CAG repeats are discussed in the light of looped DNA model structures.     

正常胎盘的超声图像定量分析研究

我们用ＤＦＹ－Ｉ型超声图像定量分析诊断仪,测定组织结构超声图像的分贝,灰阶值,本文检测分析了３９例正常台盘测值。     

Description of two-metal biosorption equilibria by Langmuir-type models

A biosorbent prepared from Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed biomass, FCAN2, was examined for its sorption capacity. Equilibrium batch sorption studies were performed using two-matal systems containing either (Cu + Zn), (Cu + Cd), or (Zn + Cd). In the evaluation of the two-metal sorption system performance, simple isotherm curves had to be replaced by three-dimensional sorption isotherm surfaces. In order to describe the isotherm surfaces mathematically, three Langmuir-type models were evaluated. The apparent one-parameter Langmuir constant (b) was used to quantify FCAN2 "affinity" for one metal in the presence of another one. The uptake of Zn decreased drastically when Cu or Cd were present. The uptake of Cd wasmuch more sensitive to the presence of Cu than to that of Zn. The presence of Cd and Zn alter the "affinity" of FCAN2 for Cu the least at high Cu equilibrium concentrations. The mathematical model of the two-metal sorption system enabled quantitative estimation of one-metal (bio)sorption inhibition due to the influence of a second metal. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons Inc.