华东地区黑果蝇自然群体同工酶遗传多态的研究

我们用标准垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和水平板琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术检测了黑果蝇(D.virilis)在合肥、芜湖、九江、南昌、福州、泉州和常州7个自然群体中Est-α、Est-β、Amy、Acph和α-Gpdh 5个座位的遗传变异,发现Est-α、Est-β和Amy 3个座位是高度多态的,Acph、α-Gpdh两个座位则是单态的。根据这5个座位等位基因的频率,我们计算了群体间的遗传距离。综合何朝珍报道的宁波、杭州、南京和洪泽4个群体的结果和我们的结果,我们作出系统树并发现泉州、福州两群体和其他群体在基因频率的分布和遗传距离方面有显著差异;分析显示这种差异与群体间地理隔离有关。     

A rationale for the design of an inhibitor of tyrosyl kinase

Two gastrin analogs containing a D- and a L-tetrafluorinated tyrosyl residue (Arg-Arg-Leu-Glu-Glu-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ala-(F4)Tyr-Gly) were synthesized and tested as substrates and inhibitors of the insulin receptor kinase. No phosphorylation of these peptides was observed, but both gastrin analogs were effective inhibitors in the microM range. Although the D- and L-tetrafluorotyrosine-gastrin analogs differ in the sequence by only 1 amino acid residue, a different inhibitory pattern was obtained with the insulin receptor. The inhibition of all-L-isomer is competitive with respect to both the protein substrate, reduced, S-carboxymethylated, and maleylated lysozyme (RCMM-lysozyme), and ATP with a Ki value of 4 microM. This result corroborates a previous finding (Walker, D. H., Kuppuswamy, D., Visvanathan, A., and Pike, L. J. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 1428-1433) that the kinetic mechanism for insulin receptor is a random Bi Bi mechanism. Different from the L-isomer, the D-analog is competitive to RCMM-lysozyme and noncompetitive toward ATP and gives an apparent inhibition constant of 20 microM. A free tetrafluorotyrosine also shows a competitive inhibition to protein substrate, RCMM-lysozyme (Ki = 18 mM) whereas free tyrosine shows no effect on the activity of insulin receptor. These results show the importance of the charge state and nucleophilicity of the phenolic component in substrate recognition and catalysis and provide a rationale for the design of inhibitors of tyrosyl phosphorylation.     

Effect of glucose on protein phosphorylation in rat pancreatic islets

Isolated rat pancreatic islets, incubated in the presence of extracellular ³²Pi to steady state ³²P incorporation into cellular phosphopeptides, were exposed to glucose for 10 min. Glucose (16.7 mM) significantly stimulated the phosphorylation of six phosphoproteins with molecular weights of 15,000, 35,000, 49,000, 64,000, 93,000 and 138,000. Mannoheptulose (16.7 mM) markedly inhibited glucose-stimulated phosphorylation of these six phosphoproteins. This protein phosphorylation might be important in mediating glucose-stimulated insulin release.     

Comparison of various properties of low-molecular-weight proteins from dormant spores of several Bacillus species.

Several properties of the major proteins degraded during germination of spores of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus subtilis have been compared. All of the proteins had low molecular weights (6,000 to 13,000) and lacked cysteine, cystine, and tryptophan. The proteins could be subdivided into two groups: group I (B. megaterium A and C proteins, B. cereus A protein, and B. subtilis alpha and beta proteins) and group II (B. cereus and B. megaterium B proteins and B. subtilis gamma protein). Species in group II had lower levels of (or lacked) the amino acids isoleucine, leucine, methionine, and proline. Similarly, proteins in each group were more closely related immunologically. However, antisera against a B. megaterium group I protein cross-reacted more strongly with the B. megaterium group II protein than with group I proteins from other spore species, whereas antisera against the B. megaterium group II protein cross-reacted most strongly with B. megaterium group I proteins. Analysis of the primary sequences at the amino termini and in the regions of the B. cereus and B. subtilis proteins cleaved by the B. megaterium spore protease revealed that the B. cereus A protein was most similar to the B. megaterium A and C proteins, and the B. cereus B protein and the B. subtilis gamma protein were most similar to the B. megaterium B protein. However, amino terminal sequences within one group of proteins varied considerably, whereas the spore protease cleavage sites were more highly conserved.     

基于能值分析的环太湖城市群生态经济系统可持续发展研究

采用能值理论与分析方法,研究2015年环太湖城市群生态经济系统的能值流量,并构建多维度的生态经济系统指标体系,综合评价环太湖城市群可持续发展程度和健康水平。研究结果表明：（1）可更新资源利用不足,在能值利用总量中占比最大值仅为7.95%;（2）不可更新资源消耗过度,在能值利用总量中占比最小值达到56.95%;（3）（除苏州市外）可更新资源产品中肉类与水产品占比最小值已达63.08%,急需对传统的农业结构进行调整;（4）不可更新资源产品均以水泥和钢铁为主,占比最小值已达88.02%,应该加快传统的工业转型升级;（5）输入能值占比最大值仅为36.27%,商品进出口呈现贸易顺差,对外经济开放仍有发展空间;（6）废弃物与可更新能值比率最大值仅为12.8%,废弃物能值比最小值仅为0.19%,废弃物排放和利用水平有待提高;（7）湖州市可持续指标ESI和能值可持续发展指标EISD为1.59和2.99,在环太湖城市群中更具可持续发展潜力;（8）苏州市健康能值指数EUEHI和改进的健康能值指数EUEHI''为8.22和1.65,在环太湖城市群中健康水平较低。据此结果提出了有助于环太湖城市群经济社会发展与自然生态环境和谐共赢的可持续发展对策。     

滇西北退化高寒草甸植物群落结构对刈割的响应

为探究滇西北不同退化级别高寒草甸植物群落结构对外界干扰的响应敏感性,以香格里拉市的典型高寒草甸为研究对象,于2018-2020年在三个退化梯度上（严重退化,S1;中度退化,S2;轻度退化,S3）开展控制刈割实验,进而分析草甸植物物种丰富度、群落组成相似性、群落复杂度和关键种的变化规律。结果表明：（1）刈割后,S1的物种丰富度显著增加（P<0.05）,S2和S3的物种丰富度未发生显著变化（P>0.05）;（2）相较于S2和S3,S1梯度的植物群落组成变化最大;（3） S1、S2和S3的植物群落复杂度在刈割后均呈先下降后增加的趋势,但S1的植物群落复杂度变化幅度高于S2和S3;（4）刈割导致各退化草甸植物群落的关键种发生了变化,2018、2019和2020年S1梯度的关键种在豆科（Leguminsae）和蔷薇科（Rosaceae）之间变化,S2梯度的关键种在禾本科（Gramineae）和菊科（Compositae）之间变化,S3梯度的关键种在蔷薇科（Rosaceae）、菊科（Compositae）和禾本科（Gramineae）之间转变。研究表明,滇西北高寒草甸植物物种丰富度、群落组成和群落复杂度对外界干扰响应的敏感性可能随退化加剧而上升,但群落关键种的响应过程较复杂。     

城市可持续规划中的生态敏感区避让分析——以丽江市为例

为促进城市可持续发展,在科学合理规划城市空间格局的基础上,应突出强调保护原有特色生态环境要素,保育生态系统服务功能和原住民人居环境。作为世界文化遗产,丽江城市面貌在过去数十年发生了深刻变化,城市用地显著扩张,同时严峻的环境问题对城市可持续发展提出挑战。以丽江市为例,选取对其发展影响深远的水系元素、噪声环境因子和森林火灾3个关键生态敏感因子,提出通过分析这类生态敏感区在城市规划过程中的避让方法、程度,区划城市规划基本空间格局,以避免城市未来因生态环境问题突出而制约其发展的规划用地思路。结果表明,丽江城区周边湖泊水系、古城内部及周边原住民人口密集区都是保障城市可持续发展的生态保护重点地区,在城市用地规划中必须予以避让;该区域面积为147.2 km2,占研究区面积的11.1%。同时,明确给出了规划用地的具体空间控制范围和相应的避让原则。     

Lithocholic acid inhibits dendritic cell activation by reducing intracellular glutathione via TGR5 signaling

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the major antigen-presenting cells and play an important role in autoimmune uveitis. Emerging evidence suggests that bile acids (BAs) regulate DCs maturation. However, the underlying mechanisms by which BAs regulate the function of DCs still need to be clarified. Here, we demonstrate that lithocholic acid (LCA) inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of surface molecules in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). LCA attenuates the severity of EAU by modulating the maturation of splenic CD11C⁺MHCII^high DCs. Notably, Takeda G-protein coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) deficiency partially reverses the inhibitory effect of LCA on DCs in vitro and in vivo. TGR5 activation also downregulates the NF-κB and MAPK pathways by inhibiting glutathione production and inducing oxidative stress in DCs, which leads to apoptosis and autophagy in DCs. In addition, LCA or INT-777 treatment increases the TGR5 expression in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MD-DCs) of patients with active BD, whereas both LCA and TGR5 agonists inhibit the activation of MD-DCs. These results suggest that LCA and TGR5 agonists might be potential therapeutic drugs for the treatment of autoimmune uveitis.     

球形芽孢杆菌C3-41超氧化物岐化酶的特性

本文研究了球形芽孢杆菌（Bacillussphaericus）C3－41超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的产生条件和部分特性。当C3－41菌株处于孢子囊中期时为产SOD酶高峰期,在30℃下的平板培养物及培养基起始pH为中性（pH7．0）时产生的SOD酶比活最高,经硫酸铵分级沉淀,DEAE－32离子交换层析和SephadexG-100凝胶过滤提纯了SOD酶。此酶属Mn－SOD,在25～35℃和pH5～9范围内较稳定,但在55℃下10min完全失活。