安徽烟草病毒类型及优势种初步研究

1978年,烟草病毒病在安徽烟区流行,导致凤阳县烟叶总产损失92.3％,引起了普遍震惊。1981—1984年作者对来自16个县、市552个病毒材料,经生物测定、血清反应、电镜观察,初步分离出CMV、TMV、PVY和PVX四种病毒。它们分别约占检测总数的82.79％、4.53％、2.54％和0.36％,其中CMV与长期视为优势种的TMV比值为18.3,除此,尚有约占检测总数9.8％的CMV和TMV、CMV和PVY复合侵染,以及不明类型的毒株。通过对田间烟草以及其他植物花叶病株的实际检测,进一步表明:CMV在烟区分布范围极广、出现频次最多,已形成了复杂的循环侵染系统,成为近期内烟草病毒病持续流行危害的首要毒原。     

Quantitative proteomics of pomegranate varieties with contrasting seed hardness during seed development stages

In pomegranate (Punica granatum), seed hardness is an important trait directly affecting fruit marketability. However, seed formation in pomegranate has not been well studied. We investigated the genetic mechanism underlying pomegranate seed hardness by comparing protein expression profiles between soft- and hard-seeded varieties 60 and 120 days after flowering. We identified 1940 proteins, of which 399 were differentially expressed. Most of the differentially expressed proteins were involved in posttranslational modification and carbohydrate metabolism. Cell wall biosynthesis, which showed positive correlations with seed hardness, was selected as the candidate pathway. The mRNA levels of 14 proteins involved in cell wall biosynthesis were further analyzed by qPCR. Lignin biosynthesis-related differentially expressed proteins showed lower expression at protein and gene levels in a soft-seeded variety at the early stages. Moreover, cellulose biosynthesis-related differentially expressed proteins showed higher expression levels in the soft-seeded variety at 60 days after flowering. Thus, the soft-seeded variety showed lower lignin but higher cellulose biosynthesis at the early fruit developmental stage, suggesting that lignin and cellulose play opposing roles in cell wall formation in pomegranate seeds. Moreover, differentially expressed proteins involved in cell wall degradation showed higher expression levels in the soft-seeded variety at both developmental stages. These results suggested that differences in seed hardness between soft- and hard-seeded pomegranates might result from cell wall biosynthesis and also be affected by cell wall degradation. The present proteome-wide profiling of pomegranate genotypes with contrasting seed hardness adds to the current knowledge base of the molecular basis of seed hardness development.     

Comprehensive Evaluation and Screening for 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene Tolerance in Rice Cultivars at Different Growth Stages

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) pollution in fields has become a potential threat to rice growth, yet little is known about the different response of many...     

<i>VvAGAMOUS</i> Affect Development of Four Different Grape Species Ovary

Grape pistil has an important influence on fruit size and quality. However, there were few studies on grape ovary, and the development process of the ovary is still unclear. Therefore, in this paper, four different grape varieties with different lengths of small inflorescences, namely ‘Musct Hambourg’ grape (Vitis vinifera), ‘Concord’ grape (Vitis labrusca), ‘ShanPuTao’ grape (Vitis amurensis) and ‘GongNiang2Hao’ grape (Vitis amurensis × Vitis vinifera) were used as test materials. Four varieties ovary were significant differences by means of stereomicroscope, paraffin section. The expression of ovary determining gene VvAGAMOUS (VvAG) and its development related genes VvCRABS CLAW (VvCRC) andVvAGAMOUS-LIKE 11 (VvAGL11) with similar functions during the development of different grape varieties were preliminarily explored using fluorescence quantitative test. The relationship between VvAG and VvCRC, VvAG and VvAGL11 were analyzed using Y1H assay. Our results showed that there were obvious abdominal sutures on the surface of expect for ‘Musct Hambourg’ grape, and existing poly carpels. The ovary development of ‘ShanPuTao’ and ‘GongNiang2Hao’ grape was completed when the inflorescence length was less than 1 cm, while the ‘Concord’ and ‘Musct Hambourg’ grape were fully developed when the length of inflorescence was 3–4 and 4–5 cm, respectively. VvAG and VvCRC began to express in large quantities after the formation of stamen primordia, while VvAGL11 during the forming of ovule primordia. Therefore, VvAG and VvCRC mainly regulated the development of stamens and carpels and also promote the development of ovules, while VvAGL11 major regulated the development of ovules. The promoters of VvCRC and VvAGL11 were bound by VvAG. This study provides an important theoretical basis for further research on the molecular mechanism of grape ovary development.     

Scanning ion‐selective electrode technique and X‐ray microanalysis provide direct evidence of contrasting Na+ transport ability from root to shoot in salt‐sensitive cucumber and salt‐tolerant pumpkin under NaCl stress

Grafting onto salt‐tolerant pumpkin rootstock can increase cucumber salt tolerance. Previous studies have suggested that this can be attributed to pumpkin roots with higher capacity to limit the transport of Na⁺ to the shoot than cucumber roots. However, the mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the transport of Na⁺ in salt‐tolerant pumpkin and salt‐sensitive cucumber plants under high (200 mM) or moderate (90 mM) NaCl stress. Scanning ion‐selective electrode technique showed that pumpkin roots exhibited a higher capacity to extrude Na⁺, and a correspondingly increased H⁺ influx under 200 or 90 mM NaCl stress. The 200 mM NaCl induced Na⁺/H⁺ exchange in the root was inhibited by amiloride (a Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter inhibitor) or vanadate [a plasma membrane (PM) H⁺‐ATPase inhibitor], indicating that Na⁺ exclusion in salt stressed pumpkin and cucumber roots was the result of an active Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter across the PM, and the Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter system in salt stressed pumpkin roots was sufficient to exclude Na⁺. X‐ray microanalysis showed higher Na⁺ in the cortex, but lower Na⁺ in the stele of pumpkin roots than that in cucumber roots under 90 mM NaCl stress, suggesting that the highly vacuolated root cortical cells of pumpkin roots could sequester more Na⁺, limit the radial transport of Na⁺ to the stele and thus restrict the transport of Na⁺ to the shoot. These results provide direct evidence for pumpkin roots with higher capacity to limit the transport of Na⁺ to the shoot than cucumber roots.     

Isolation of microsatellite loci in the pollinating fig wasp of Ficus hispida, Ceratosolen solmsi

Microsatellite loci were isolated for Ceratosolen solmsi , pollinator of the dioecious Ficus hispida. We developed nine polymorphic microsatellite loci based on the method of polymerase chain reaction isolation of microsatellite arrays (PIMA). Enrichment of genomic libraries was performed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). A subset of 38 positive clones was sequenced; 15 clones showed microsatellite loci. We tested 15 designed primer pairs and nine of them produced polymorphic amplification in 48 individual wasps collected from different fruits of the dioecious host fig Ficus hispida in China. Among the 48 individuals, 49 alleles were obtained at the nine loci. The observed heterozygosity ranged between 0.357 and 0.634.     

2021年膜翅目新增分类单元

本文对2021年发表的膜翅目昆虫新分类单元进行了梳理和总结。结合数据库检索, 基于标本记录, 全球膜翅目学者于2021年发表该目新分类单元的期刊论文355篇, 新增分类单元条目共1,152条, 隶属于21总科66科416属, 包括5新科4新亚科83新属3新亚属1,054新种和3新亚种。现生类群相关期刊论文309篇, 新增分类单元条目980条, 隶属于18总科52科332属, 包括2新科26新属3新亚属946新种和3新亚种。绝灭类群相关期刊论文46篇, 新增分类单元条目172条, 隶属于14总科27科86属, 包括3新科4新亚科57新属和108新种。2021年中国膜翅目新增分类单元的相关期刊论文83篇, 新增分类单元条目235条, 隶属于17总科34科91属, 包括3新属(绝灭类群1新属)和232新种(绝灭类群2新种); 现生类群中新增的2属分别记录自台湾和浙江, 新种数量排前五位的省级行政单位有云南(54个)、浙江(42个)、福建(18个)、西藏(18个)和新疆(16个)。在全球现生、绝灭和中国现生膜翅目总科新物种数量的对比中, 姬蜂总科新种数量最多, 分别约占全球现生、绝灭和中国现生膜翅目新种总数的32.5% (307个/946个)、19.4% (21个/108个)和37.0% (85个/230个)。有关现生膜翅目新种发表情况, 在洲级地理单元中, 亚洲发表新种数量最多, 约占56.9% (538个); 在洲级地理亚单元中, 东亚发表新种数量最多, 约占28.6% (271个); 在国家和地区行政单元中, 中国发表新种数量最多, 约占24.3% (230个)。在76种期刊的355篇论文中, 有348篇英文论文、4篇中文论文和3篇法语论文。这些结果表明, 中国膜翅目分类在全球膜翅目分类中发挥着十分重要的作用。     

人尾加压素Ⅱ对大鼠脑微循环的影响

目的:探讨尾加压素Ⅱ(UII)对于大鼠软脑膜微循环的影响.方法:健康成年SD大鼠随机分为对照组、生理盐水(NS)、UII(10-7mol/L)、去甲肾上腺素(NA,10-6mol/L)、UII(10-7mol/L) NA(10-6mol/L)等五组,采用活体微循环观测技术观察大鼠软脑膜微血管内径、血流速度等微循环参数,采用激光多普勒血流量仪测定软脑膜血流量的变化.结果:正常对照组软脑膜细动脉和细静脉血管内径分别为(35.4±3.6)μm和(40.6±8.5)μm,UII组于滴加UII(10-7mol/L)后即刻细动脉和细静脉出现收缩,1 min时细动脉和细静脉收缩达到高峰,血管内径分别为(25.6±3.4)μm和(23.4±3.3)μm (与正常对照组比较,P均<0.05);细动、静脉内血流速度无明显变化(与正常对照组比较P均>0.05);软脑膜血流量于滴加UII(10-7mol/L)后1 min开始升高,5 min达到高峰(3.5±0.4 )PU 值,正常对照组(2.3±0.6)PU值(P<0.05).结论:UII可以使大鼠软脑膜微血管收缩,血流量增加.     

金矿床区蜡状芽孢杆菌孢壁蛋白SDS-PAGE图谱及聚类分析

用SDS PAGE方法对 5株从我国金矿床区采集到的典型的蜡状芽孢杆菌 (Bacilluscereus)C6,C14 ,B2 ,JY I T1,JY X T9的孢壁蛋白同标准株AS1.12 6的孢壁蛋白共同进行比较分析 ,计算出了各蛋白电泳带的近似分子量 ,又以它们的迁移距离为标准同苏云金芽孢杆菌 (Bacillusthuringiensis)的孢壁蛋白相比较 ,得到聚类分析树状图谱 ,表明具有聚金作用的蜡状芽孢杆菌在分类学上具有相似性 ,而与具有杀虫作用的Bt菌株在分类学上则相差较远。