中国蒿属植物比较形态和解剖学研究——(Ⅰ)叶表皮结构

本文通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜,观察国产菊科蒿属2亚属7组30种代表植物成熟叶片的表皮细胞、气孔器、表皮毛的特征和气孔形状、气孔外拱盖及拱盖内缘、角质膜和蜡质纹饰。其中表皮细胞多角(边)形,大小不等,垂周壁平直、弓形,或者表皮细胞形状不规则,大小不等,垂周壁波浪状或波纹状。下表皮均有气孔器,上表皮有或无气孔器,气孔器类型有无规则型。无规则四细胞型、不等细胞型、十字型、横列型和平列型。大多数种类具多细胞单列毛。多细胞双列毛和腺毛仅发现在腺毛蒿组。这些微形态特征在组间存在着某些差异,具有一定的分类学和生态学意义。     

Spontaneous allelic variant in deafness–blindness gene Ush1g resulting in an expanded phenotype

Relationships between novel phenotypic behaviors and specific genetic alterations are often discovered using target-specific, directed mutagenesis or phenotypic selection following chemical mutagenesis. An alternative approach is to exploit deficiencies in DNA repair pathways that maintain genetic integrity in response to spontaneously induced damage. Mice deficient in the DNA glycosylase NEIL1 show elevated spontaneous mutations, which arise from translesion DNA synthesis past oxidatively induced base damage. Several litters of Neil1 knockout mice included animals that were distinguished by their backwards-walking behavior in open-field environments, while maintaining frantic forward movements in their home cage environment. Other phenotypic manifestations included swim test failures, head tilting and circling. Mapping of the mutation that conferred these behaviors showed the introduction of a stop codon at amino acid 4 of the Ush1g gene. Ush1g^bw/bw null mice displayed auditory and vestibular defects that are commonly seen with mutations affecting inner-ear hair-cell function, including a complete lack of auditory brainstem responses and vestibular-evoked potentials. As in other Usher syndrome type I mutant mouse lines, hair cell phenotypes included disorganized and split hair bundles, as well as altered distribution of proteins for stereocilia that localize to the tips of row 1 or row 2. Disruption to the bundle and kinocilium displacement suggested that USH1G is essential for forming the hair cell's kinocilial links. Consistent with other Usher type 1 models, Ush1g^bw/bw mice had no substantial retinal degeneration compared with Ush1g^bw/+ controls. In contrast to previously described Ush1g alleles, this new allele provides the first knockout model for this gene.     

H．史密斯采集的中国紫草科植物

自H．Smith在二十,三十年代从我国采集的紫草科标本中鉴定出15属,36种,4变种,均属紫草亚科,其中包括附地菜属一新种,其中,这批标本本来应该包括更多的新种,如Johnston在1928年及以后描述的Microula rockii Johnst.,Onosma mertensioides Johnst.,O.adenopus Johnst.,Trionotis floribunda Johnst.,Kitagawa在六十年代描述的Lappula shanhsiensis Kitag.,本文作者和王庆瑞在八十年代描述的Microula pseudotrichocarpa W.T.Wang,M.turbinata W.T.Wang,M.turbinata W.T.Wang,M.floribunda W.T.Wang,Trigontis longipes W.T.Wang,T.corispermoides C.J.wang。只是由于这批柴草科标本未得到及时鉴定,才推迟了这10个种的发表。     

中国金发草属与觿茅属的新分类等级

本文报导金发草属Pogonatherum Beauv.中1新种,即二芒金发草P.biaristatum S.L.Chen et G.Y.Sheng及觿茅属Dimeria R.Br.中2新种,即异花觿茅D.heterantha S.L.Chen et G.Y.Sheng及广西觿茅D.guangxiensis S.L.Chen et G.Y.Sheng.     

The Effect of Unheated Bovine Serum on the Complement-Fixing Activity of Heat-Inactivated Bovine Antiserum with Homologous Antigen. IV. Chromatographic Studies

Unheated, non-dialyzed, normal bovine sera were fractionated by column chromatography on the cross-linked dextran, Sephadex G-25, and the fraction tested for "supplementing" properties, that is for complement-fixation augmenting activities when added to mixtures of heated bovine antiserum and homologous antigen. Supplementing activity was shown by precipitated fractions from earlier eluates with pH values below 7.2 and also by both supernatant and precipitated fractions of the later eluates with pH values from 7.6 to 8.1. The possibility is briefly discussed that certain alkaline protein substances of relatively lower molecular weight may be involved in the supplementing activities of the later fractions. Heating at 56 degrees C. for 30 min. destroyed the supplementing activity of each of these fractions. Some of the supplementing fractions proved to be anti-complementary, others were not or only slightly so. First component of complement, C(1)1, was detected in the precipitated fractions of certain of the earlier eluates with pH values below 6.5; second component of complement, C(1)2, was found exclusively in supernatant fractions of earlier eluates with pH values less than 6.2. Conglutinin was not separated from C(1)1 by this method.     

A Major Gene for Resting Metabolic Rate Unassociated with Body Composition: Results from the Québec Family Study

A major gene hypothesis for resting metabolic rate (RMR) was investigated using segregation analysis (POINTER) of data on families participating in Phase 2 of the Québec Family Study. Complete analyses were conducted on RMR adjusted for age, and also on RMR adjusted for age and other covariates, primarily fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). Prior to adjustment for covariates, support for a major gene hypothesis was equivocal — i.e., there was evidence for either a major gene or a multifactorial component (i.e., polygenic and/or familial environment). The multifactorial model was preferred over the major gene model, although the latter did segregate according to Mendelian expectations. However, after the effects of FM and FFM were accounted for, a major gene effect was unambiguous and compelling. The putative locus accounted for 57% of the variance, affected 7% of the sample, and led to high values of RMR. The lack of a significant multifactorial effect suggested that the familial etiology of RMR adjusted for FM and FFM was likely to be entirely a function of the major locus. Comparing the RMR results from pre- and post-adjustment for FM and FFM suggests a plausible hypothesis. We know from earlier studies in this sample that there is a putative major gene for FM and a major non-Mendelian effect for FFM. The current study leads us to speculate that: (1) the gene(s) affecting body size and body composition also may have an effect on RMR, and further (2) removal of the effect of the major gene(s) for body size and composition allowed for detection of an additional major gene affecting only the RMR. Thus, RMR appears to be an oligogenic trait.     

Socioeconomic determinants of rates of consultation in general practice based on fourth national morbidity survey of general practices.

OBJECTIVE--To identify the socioeconomic determinants of consultation rates in general practice. DESIGN--Analysis of data from the fourth national morbidity survey of general practices (MSGP4) including sociodemographic details of individual patients and small area statistics from the 1991 census. Multilevel modelling techniques were used to take account of both individual patient data and small area statistics to relate socioeconomic and health status factors directly to a measure of general practitioner workload. RESULTS--Higher rates of consultations were found in patients who were classified as permanently sick, unemployed (especially those who became unemployed during the study year), living in rented accommodation, from the Indian subcontinent, living with a spouse or partner (women only), children living with two parents (girls only), and living in urban areas, especially those living relatively near the practice. When characteristics of individual patients are known and controlled for the role of "indices of deprivation" is considerably reduced. The effect of individual sociodemographic characteristics were shown to vary between different areas. CONCLUSIONS--Demographic and socioeconomic factors can act as powerful predictors of consultation patterns. Though it will always be necessary to retain some local planning discretion, the sets of coefficients estimated for individual level factors, area level characteristics, and for practice groupings may be sufficient to provide an indicative level of demand for general medical services. Although the problems in using socioeconomic data from individual patients would be substantial, these results are relevant to the development of a resource allocation formula for general practice.