海南省库蠓二新种(双翅目:蠓科)(英文)

本文描述在海南省发现的库蠓二新种:尖峰库蠓和开裂库蠓。     

一些因子对七星瓢虫咽侧体活性的影响(英文)

七星瓢虫(Coccmella septimpunctata)为了适应环境的变化,通过咽侧体产生保幼激素的活动调节其生殖作用。为了探索内外因素对咽侧体活动的影响,应用放射化学法及免疫电泳测定了食物、卵巢发育、脑神经肽、保幼激素类似物对卵黄发生期成虫保幼激素生物合成及血淋巴中卵黄原蛋白含量的影响。结果表明咽侧体活性受上述各种因子的影响。咽侧体活性与卵黄原蛋白含量及卵母细胞生长密切相关,说明有反馈作用。食物的质与量影响着咽侧体活性的变化。低剂量外源保幼激素类似物处理成虫则可促使咽侧体活性的变化。脑分泌的神经肽(allatotropin)可活化咽侧体。这些结果表明雌瓢虫保幼激素的生产主要是受起源于脑的促咽侧体信号的调节作用。     

Specificity of the hepatitis C virus NS3 serine protease: effects of substitutions at the 3/4A, 4A/4B, 4B/5A, and 5A/5B cleavage sites on polyprotein processing.

Cleavage at four sites (3/4A, 4A/4B, 4B/5A, and 5A/5B) in the hepatitis C virus polyprotein requires a viral serine protease activity residing in the N-terminal one-third of the NS3 protein. Sequence comparison of the residues flanking these cleavage sites reveals conserved features including an acidic residue (Asp or Glu) at the P6 position, a Cys or Thr residue at the P1 position, and a Ser or Ala residue at the P1' position. In this study, we used site-directed mutagenesis to assess the importance of these and other residues for NS3 protease-dependent cleavages. Substitutions at the P7 to P2' positions of the 4A/4B site had varied effects on cleavage efficiency. Only Arg at the P1 position or Pro at P1' substantially blocked processing at this site. Leu was tolerated at the P1 position, whereas five other substitutions allowed various degrees of cleavage. Substitutions with positively charged or other hydrophilic residues at the P7, P3, P2, and P2' positions did not reduce cleavage efficiency. Five substitutions examined at the P6 position allowed complete cleavage, demonstrating that an acidic residue at this position is not essential. Parallel results were obtained with substrates containing an active NS3 protease domain in cis or when the protease domain was supplied in trans. Selected substitutions blocking or inhibiting cleavage at the 4A/4B site were also examined at the 3/4A, 4B/5A, and 5A/5B sites. For a given substitution, a site-dependent gradient in the degree of inhibition was observed, with a 3/4A site being least sensitive to mutagenesis, followed by the 4A/4B, 4B/5A, and 5A/5B sites. In most cases, mutations abolishing cleavage at one site did not affect processing at the other serine protease-dependent sites. However, mutations at the 3/4A site which inhibited cleavage also interfered with processing at the 4B/5A site. Finally, during the course of these studies an additional NS3 protease-dependent cleavage site has been identified in the NS4B region.     

陕西关中小麦品种更替中性状演变及其发展方向

以关中地区四十年代到九十年代推广种植的主要代表品种及品系为材料,对其分蘖动态、生育期、株高因素、穗部性状、产量、生物学产量、经济系数及冬春性等２０个性状进行了研究,其结果表明关中地区四十代到九十年代小麦品种性状演变的趋势是：冬、春季分蘖变化不大,冬季分蘖趋向略增;春季分蘖趋向略减;成穗数趋向降低,拨节,抽穗和开花期有趋早倾向,而成熟期和总生育天数无明显变化,株高降低极明显（１３７．７－８５．２ｃｍ     

Typing of Clostridium perfringens by in vitro amplification of toxin genes

G. DAUBE, B. CHINA, P. SIMON, K. HVALA AND J. MAINIL. 1994. The strains of Clostridium perfringens are classified according to major toxins produced. Classically, this determination involves the seroneutralization of their lethal effect in mice. However, this method requires specific antisera and a large number of mice. In this work, a new typing method was developed based on the amplification of toxin genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). By combination of several pairs of primers, the toxinotype of a Cl. perfringens strain was determined by looking at the pattern of bands on an agarose gel electrophoresis. This mixture contained primers amplifying simultaneously a part of α-toxin, α-toxin, β-toxin and enterotoxin genes. In order to distinguish between toxinotype A and E, the *** l -toxin gene fragment must be amplified in a separate PCR reaction. Moreover, with the primers combination, in most cases, a PCR product corresponding to the α-toxin gene was obtained from direct enrichments of animal intestinal contents.     

中国寄生于荔枝瘿蚊的红眼姬小蜂属一新种(膜翅目:小蜂总科:姬小蜂科)(英语)

本文记述了我国南方姬小峰科红眼姬小蜂属Mangocharis一新种,荔枝瘿蚊红眼姬小蜂M.litchiiYang et Luo.该种单个内寄生于严重危害荔枝叶片的荔枝叶瘿蚊Mayetiola sp.幼虫或跨期寄生于该害虫的卵—幼虫期,在自然控制这种害虫上具有重要作用.红眼姬小蜂属在我国首次发现.     

中国潜叶蜂族研究(膜翅目:叶蜂科)(英文)

本文记述了中国潜叶蜂族Fenusini 8属14种,其中新种8种:金眼榉潜叶蜂Profenusa chrysichloritasp. nov.、中华拟潜叶蜂Nefusa sinica sp.nov.、短距拟潜叶蜂Nefusa brevis sp.nov.、四川昧潜叶蜂Metallus sichuanensis sp.nov.、王氏昧潜叶蜂Metallus wangi sp.nov.、马氏昧潜叶蜂Metallus mai sp.nov.、大室缅潜叶蜂Birmella discoidalisa sp.nov.、北京舌潜叶蜂Okutanius pekingensis sp.nov.;中国新记录种3种:日本榉潜叶蜂Profenusa hirashima Togashi、榆潜叶蜂Fenusa pusilla(Lepel.)、金露梅小潜叶蜂Fenella monilicornis Thomson。本文所记述各属除缅潜叶蜂属Birmindia Malaise和丝潜叶蜂属Messa Leach以外均为中国新记录属。新种均附有形态特征图,并编制了潜叶蜂族中国已知属检索表和各属中国已知种类或世界种类检索表。模式标本均保存于中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆。     

中国食蚜蝇科—新属新种(英文)

本文记述了中国食蚜蝇科Syrphidae、管蚜蝇亚科Eristalinae、管蚜蝇族Eristalini的一新属:艳管蚜蝇属Pseudomeromacrus gen.nov.和新种 刺茎艳管蚜蝇Pseudomeromacrus setipenitus Li,sp.nov.模式标本保存于华南农业大学植保系昆虫标本室。     

三种蚜虫对植物挥发性次生物质触角电位反应的比较研究(英语)

用触角电位法研究了大豆蚜、棉蚜和桃蚜对39种挥发性次生化合物的反应,结果如下:1)绿叶气味化合物及其异构体的去极化电压远强于萜烯类;具有6个碳原子的醇类和醛类是最有活性的化合物.2)大豆蚜和棉蚜对醛类和脂类的反应要比对相应的醇类强,这与桃蚜的实验结果刚好相反.3)蚜虫嗅觉系统所显示的活性与刺激化合物的结构有关,醇类和醛类刺激所引起的EAG饱和的要比不饱和的强.4)大豆春迁蚜对萜烯衍生物(醇、醛、脂)的触角电位反应高于棉蚜,而对萜烃化合物的反应刚好相反.5)各种化合物引起的EAG峰形不同;牛儿醇、癸醇和香茅醇刺激所引起的波形回复最慢,而在直链饱和醇中随着碳原子数的增加而回复速度减慢.