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946.
Hongming Lv Zhenxiang Yu Yuwei Zheng Lidong Wang Xiaofeng Qin Genhong Cheng Xinxin Ci 《International journal of biological sciences》2016,12(1):72-86
Oxidative damage and inflammation are closely associated with the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). Thus, we explored the protective effect of isovitexin (IV), a glycosylflavonoid, in the context of ALI. To accomplish this, we created in vitro and in vivo models by respectively exposing macrophages to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and using LPS to induce ALI in mice. In vitro, our results showed that IV treatment reduced LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, iNOS and COX-2 expression and decreased the generation of ROS. Consistent findings were obtained in vivo. Additionally, IV inhibited H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. However, these effects were partially reversed following the use of an HO-1 inhibitor in vitro. Further studies revealed that IV significantly inhibited MAPK phosphorylation, reduced NF-κB nuclear translocation, and upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression in RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo, pretreatment with IV attenuated histopathological changes, infiltration of polymorphonuclear granulocytes and endothelial activation, decreased the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, reduced the levels of MPO and MDA, and increased the content of GSH and SOD in ALI. Furthermore, IV treatment effectively increased Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in lung tissues. Therefore, IV may offer a protective role against LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB and activating HO-1/Nrf2 pathways. 相似文献
947.
Arik Kershenbaum Daniel T. Blumstein Marie A. Roch Çağlar Akçay Gregory Backus Mark A. Bee Kirsten Bohn Yan Cao Gerald Carter Cristiane Cäsar Michael Coen Stacy L. DeRuiter Laurance Doyle Shimon Edelman Ramon Ferrer‐i‐Cancho Todd M. Freeberg Ellen C. Garland Morgan Gustison Heidi E. Harley Chloé Huetz Melissa Hughes Julia Hyland Bruno Amiyaal Ilany Dezhe Z. Jin Michael Johnson Chenghui Ju Jeremy Karnowski Bernard Lohr Marta B. Manser Brenda McCowan Eduardo Mercado III Peter M. Narins Alex Piel Megan Rice Roberta Salmi Kazutoshi Sasahara Laela Sayigh Yu Shiu Charles Taylor Edgar E. Vallejo Sara Waller Veronica Zamora‐Gutierrez 《Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society》2016,91(1):13-52
Animal acoustic communication often takes the form of complex sequences, made up of multiple distinct acoustic units. Apart from the well‐known example of birdsong, other animals such as insects, amphibians, and mammals (including bats, rodents, primates, and cetaceans) also generate complex acoustic sequences. Occasionally, such as with birdsong, the adaptive role of these sequences seems clear (e.g. mate attraction and territorial defence). More often however, researchers have only begun to characterise – let alone understand – the significance and meaning of acoustic sequences. Hypotheses abound, but there is little agreement as to how sequences should be defined and analysed. Our review aims to outline suitable methods for testing these hypotheses, and to describe the major limitations to our current and near‐future knowledge on questions of acoustic sequences. This review and prospectus is the result of a collaborative effort between 43 scientists from the fields of animal behaviour, ecology and evolution, signal processing, machine learning, quantitative linguistics, and information theory, who gathered for a 2013 workshop entitled, ‘Analysing vocal sequences in animals’. Our goal is to present not just a review of the state of the art, but to propose a methodological framework that summarises what we suggest are the best practices for research in this field, across taxa and across disciplines. We also provide a tutorial‐style introduction to some of the most promising algorithmic approaches for analysing sequences. We divide our review into three sections: identifying the distinct units of an acoustic sequence, describing the different ways that information can be contained within a sequence, and analysing the structure of that sequence. Each of these sections is further subdivided to address the key questions and approaches in that area. We propose a uniform, systematic, and comprehensive approach to studying sequences, with the goal of clarifying research terms used in different fields, and facilitating collaboration and comparative studies. Allowing greater interdisciplinary collaboration will facilitate the investigation of many important questions in the evolution of communication and sociality. 相似文献
948.
Dmitriev Alexey A. Kudryavtseva Anna V. Krasnov George S. Koroban Nadezhda V. Speranskaya Anna S. Krinitsina Anastasia A. Belenikin Maxim S. Snezhkina Anastasiya V. Sadritdinova Asiya F. Kishlyan Natalya V. Rozhmina Tatiana A. Yurkevich Olga Yu. Muravenko Olga V. Bolsheva Nadezhda L. Melnikova Nataliya V. 《BMC plant biology》2016,16(3):139-146
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950.
Renping Cao Kangbin Chen Shenhua Jiang Zhiyang Luo Xiaoguang Yu Pan Liu 《Luminescence》2016,31(2):388-393
A series of SrMoO4:Sm3+,Tb3+,Na+ phosphors was synthesized using a high‐temperature solid‐state reaction method in air. On excitation at 290 nm, SrMoO4:Sm3+,Tb3+ phosphor emitted light that varied systematically from green to reddish‐orange on changing the Sm3+ and Tb3+ ion concentrations. The emission intensities of SrMoO4:Sm3+ and SrMoO4:Sm3+,Tb3+ phosphors were increased two to four times due to charge compensation when Na+ was added as a charge compensator. The luminescence mechanism and energy transfer could be explained using energy‐level diagrams of the MoO42– group, Sm3+ and Tb3+ ions. SrMoO4:Sm3+,Tb3+,Na+ could be used as reddish‐orange phosphor in white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) based on an ~ 405 nm near‐UV LED chip. This research is helpful in adjusting and improving the luminescence properties of other phosphors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献