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11.
Cytoplasmic chaperones determine the targeting pathway of precursor proteins to mitochondria. 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
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Two ATP-dependent cytosolic chaperones, mitochondrial import stimulation factor (MSF) and hsp70, are known to be involved in the import of precursor proteins into mitochondria. Hsp70 generally recognizes unfolded proteins, while MSF specifically recognizes mitochondrial precursor proteins and targets them to mitochondria in a NEM-sensitive manner. Here we analyzed the relative contribution of these chaperones in the import process and confirmed that the precursor proteins are targeted to mitochondria via two distinct pathways: one requiring MSF and the other requiring hsp70. Both pathways depend on distinct proteinaceous components of the outer mitochondrial membrane. The MSF-dependent pathway is NEM-sensitive and requires the hydrolysis of extra-mitochondrial ATP for the release of MSF from the mitochondrial import receptor, whereas the hsp70-dependent pathway is NEM-sensitive and does not require extra-mitochondrial ATP. The NEM-insensitive, hsp70-dependent import became NEM-sensitive depending on the amount of MSF added. The relative importance of the two pathways appears to be determined by the affinities of MSF and hsp70 for the precursor proteins. 相似文献
12.
It has been shown that mammalian neurogenesis is partly controlled by multiple basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) genes, as inDrosophila.Recently, mouse homologs ofDrosophila atonal,a proneural gene encoding a bHLH protein required for chordotonal organ and photoreceptor development, have been characterized to obtain further insights into the molecular nature of mammalian neurogenesis. Here, to assess their potential involvement in genetic neural disorders, we have determined genetic map positions for four mouseatonal-related genes,Atoh1, Atoh2, Atoh3,andNdrf,which encode MATH-1, MATH-2, MATH-3, and NDRF, respectively. Interspecific backcross analysis indicated thatAtoh1andAtoh2were located in separate positions of Chr 6 and thatAtoh3andNdrfwere mapped to Chr 10 and Chr 11, respectively. Thus, these structurally related genes are located separately on multiple chromosomes. 相似文献
13.
Serum-free culture of rat keratinocytes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hirosuke Oku Chikara Kumamoto Tomoyuki Miyagi Takanori Hiyane Junichi Nagata Isao Chinen 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》1994,30(8):496-503
Summary Procedures for the serum-free culture of rat keratinocytes have been established. Basal cells prepared from epidermis of newborn
rat were stored in liquid nitrogen and used for primary culture. Among the available media, MCDB 153, developed originally
for human keratinocyte (HK) culture, was the best for the development of serum-free formulation. To grow rat keratinocytes,
bovine serum albumin was arbitrarily substituted for the macromolecule supplements needed for HK culture, i.e. fetal bovine
serum protein or bovine pituitary extract. Qualitative and quantitative adjustment of supplements was thereafter made to support
rapid cell growth. Satisfactory cell growth was achieved in the optimized medium of MCDB 153 supplemented with growth factors
and amino acids: insulin (10 μg/ml), hydrocortisone (0.1 μg/ml), epidermal growth factor (25 ng/ml), calcium chloride (0.2
mM), histidine (0.23 mM), isoleucine (0.05 mM), tryptophane (0.015 mM), threonine (1.25 mM), tyrosine (0.031 mM), alanine (4.08 mM), and albumin (2 mg/ml). This optimized culture system was superior to the original HK culture condition for rapid growth
of rat keratinocytes. Under our condition, cells grew as a monolayer, becoming confluent, but without stratification, and
were passaged 2 to 3 times without any changes in morphology. The serum-free formulation allows us to control more accurately
the concentrations of biomolecules in the medium including lipids and hormones, and therefore will be suitable for the study
focusing on lipid metabolism or hormonal regulation of rat keratinocytes. 相似文献
14.
Noritsugu Yabe Kouji Komiya Tetsuya Takezono Hisao Matsui 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》1993,29(10):795-806
Summary Lysozyme at 1 to 100μg/ml of exposure levels augmented or inhibited proliferative response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with
interleukin-2 (IL-2). This contradictory effect of lysozyme depended on IL-2 concentration, activating state of lymphocytes,
addition time of lysozyme, and serum existence. Lymphocytes increased their IL-2-mediated proliferating ability in response
to lysozyme when stimulated with less than suboptimal concentration of IL-2. Lymphocyte activation with anti-CD3 antibody
changed the augmented proliferative response into the inhibited response by lysozyme addition whereas elimination of MHC class
II molecule-expressing cells augmented the response. Addition of lysozyme within 1 h after IL-2 exposure was most effective
in promoting the proliferation whereas additions after 16 to 24 h were ineffective or inhibitory. Addition after longer than
24 h inversely restored the proliferative response. Serum seemed to retard lysozyme action because either sequential serum
addition 1 h after exposure of IL-2 and lysozyme to cells or exposure of IL-2 and serum after pretreatment of cells with lysozyme
changed the proliferative responsiveness from inhibition into augmentation. Thus lysozyme may regulate lymphocyte proliferation
responding to a magnitude of antigenic stimuli and to the progression of cellular events that periodically occur. 相似文献
15.
A new synthesis of desmosterol was described using hyodeoxycholic acid (3,6-dihydroxy-5β-cholanic acid) as a starting material. Epidesmosterol (3-hydroxycholesta-5,24-diene) was also synthesized for the first time from the same starting material. 相似文献
16.
Adenine depurination and inactivation of plant ribosomes by an antiviral protein of Mirabilis jalapa (MAP) 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Jiro Kataoka Noriyuki Habuka Masashi Miyano Chikara Masuta Akira Koiwai 《Plant molecular biology》1992,20(6):1111-1119
Mirabilis antiviral protein (MAP) is a single-chain ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) isolated from Mirabilis jalapa L. It depurinates the 28S-like rRNAs of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. A specific modification in the 25S rRNA of M. jalapa was found to occur during isolation of ribosomes by polyacrylamide/agarose composite gel electrophoresis. Primer extension analysis revealed the modification site to be at the adenine residue corresponding to A4324 in rat 28S rRNA. The amount of endogenous MAP seemed to be sufficient to inactivate most of the homologous ribosomes. The adenine of wheat ribosomes was also found to be removed to some extent by an endogenous RIP (tritin). However, the amount of endogenous tritin seemed to be insufficient for quantitative depurination of the homologous ribosomes.Endogenous MAP could shut down the protein synthesis of its own cells when it spreads into the cytoplasm through breaks of the cells. Therefore, we speculate that MAP is a defensive agent to induce viral resistance through the suicide of its own cells. 相似文献
17.
The nucleotide sequence of 5S rRNA from the fission yeast, S. pombe, has been established by post labeling procedures combined with cataloging RNase T1- and A-oligonucleotides derived from unlabeled 5S rRNA. The sequence consists of 119 nucleotides without a modified base and shows more dissimilarities (at 38 positions) from that of S. cerevisiae than from that of humans (at 33 positions). 相似文献
18.
Nucleotide sequence of 5S ribosomal RNA from Lingula anatina. A study on the molecular evolution of 5S ribosomal RNA from a living fossil 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
By chromatography on columns of DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and Sephadex G-100, and electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, 5S rRNA was purified from a low-molecular-weight RNA fraction extracted from the total tissues of Lingula anatina. Complete digests of the 5S rRNA with RNase T1 [EC 3.1.4.8] and pancreatic RNase [EC 3.1.4.22] were sequenced by conventional column chromatography procedures. The nucleotide sequence of this RNA was determined mainly by a chemical method for sequencing the RNA 3' end-labeled with 32P (1), with the complement of the oligonucleotide catalog obtained by the complete RNase digestions of the RNA. By comparing the sequences of several invertebrate, vertebrate, and Chlorella 5S rRNAs, a phylogenic tree of the rRNAs was constructed and the time of divergence of Lingula was estimated. 相似文献
19.
20.
Role of salicylic acid glucosyltransferase in balancing growth and defence for optimum plant fitness