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排序方式: 共有637条查询结果,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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Chiho Kaneko Ryosuke Omori Michihito Sasaki Chikako Kataoka-Nakamura Edgar Simulundu Walter Muleya Ladslav Moonga Joseph Ndebe Bernard M. Hangombe George Dautu Yongjin Qiu Ryo Nakao Masahiro Kajihara Akina Mori-Kajihara Herman M. Chambaro Hideaki Higashi Chihiro Sugimoto Hirofumi Sawa Aaron S. Mweene Ayato Takada Norikazu Isoda 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2021,15(4)
BackgroundAn estimated 75% or more of the human rabies cases in Africa occur in rural settings, which underscores the importance of rabies control in these areas. Understanding dog demographics can help design strategies for rabies control and plan and conduct canine mass vaccination campaigns effectively in African countries.Methodology/Principal findingsA cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate domestic dog demographics in Kalambabakali, in the rural Mazabuka District of Zambia. The population of ownerless dogs and the total achievable vaccination coverage among the total dog population was estimated using the capture-recapture-based Bayesian model by conducting a canine mass vaccination campaign. This study revealed that 29% of the domestic dog population was under one year old, and 57.7% of those were under three months old and thus were not eligible for the canine rabies vaccination in Zambia. The population growth was estimated at 15% per annum based on the cross-sectional household survey. The population of ownerless dogs was estimated to be small, with an ownerless-to-owned-dog ratio of 0.01–0.06 in the target zones. The achieved overall vaccination coverage from the first mass vaccination was estimated 19.8–51.6%. This low coverage was principally attributed to the owners’ lack of information, unavailability, and dog-handling difficulties. The follow-up mass vaccination campaign achieved an overall coverage of 54.8–76.2%.Conclusions/SignificanceThis paper indicates the potential for controlling canine rabies through mass vaccination in rural Zambia. Rabies education and responsible dog ownership are required to achieve high and sustainable vaccination coverage. Our findings also propose including puppies below three months old in the target population for rabies vaccination and emphasize that securing an annual enforcement of canine mass vaccination that reaches 70% coverage in the dog population is necessary to maintain protective herd immunity. 相似文献
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In the cytokinesis of brown algae, actin filaments appear like a plate at the intersecting region of microtubules (MTs) that emerge from the centrosomes after mitosis. The function of the actin plate itself is still unknown. To elucidate the relationship between the actin plate, MTs and membrane fusion, without inducing cytoskeleton depolymerization, the effect of brefeldin A (BFA), which prevents the production of vesicles from Golgi bodies, was examined in zygotes of Silvetia babingtonii. The beginning of mitosis was slightly delayed in zygotes under BFA compared with the controls. Almost all zygotes were inhibited for the progression of cytokinesis by BFA treatment. Ultrastructural observations showed that Golgi cisternae became fragmented or curled following continuous treatment with BFA, and the inhibitory status of cytokinesis between zygotes. The next cell cycle started before cytokinesis was completed. Although the appearance of the actin plate was not disturbed by BFA treatment, the behaviour of the actin plate during the transition between the first and second cell cycles could be classified into two patterns: it was either invisible upon the initiation of the next cell cycle, or a portion of it remained even though the next cell cycle had begun. In the latter case, a part of the actin plate seemed to associate with the new partially formed cell partition membrane, and MTs from the centrosomes were bound to it. The actin plate completely disappeared in the next mitosis, then re-emerged in the middle area of the four daughter nuclei. The results of the present study indicated that, under BFA treatment, the actin plate persisted until just before the beginning of the next mitotic phase, when the new, incomplete cell partition membrane was present, and MTs sustained the actin plate until next mitosis. 相似文献
636.
Plants require substantial resistance against freezing and pathogens for overwintering. These two traits are acquired through
cold acclimation. In contrast to freezing tolerance, molecular basis of disease resistance acquired through cold acclimation
is poorly understood. Recent studies have suggested that pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins that are secreted into the apoplast
during cold acclimation are responsible for the disease resistance. Interestingly, some of the cold-induced PR proteins display
both antifungal and antifreeze activities, suggesting a dual function in protecting plants from overwintering stresses. The
signaling pathway for cold-induced disease resistance is currently unknown but can be independent of pathogen-induced defense
mechanisms. 相似文献
637.