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991.
Chen-Xi Hu Hui Huang Li Zhang You Huang Zhu-Fang Shen Ke-Di Cheng Guan-Hua Du Ping Zhu 《Biotechnology letters》2009,31(7):979-984
Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV inhibitors provide a new strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Human DPP-IV gene was
cloned from differentiated Caco-2 cells and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant enzyme was used in a new system for screening of DPP-IV inhibitors. By high throughput screening, a novel
compound (W5188) was identified from 75,000 compounds with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. This method is highly reproducible and reliable for discovery of DPP-IV inhibitors as shown by Z′ value of 0.73
and S/N ratio of 6.89. 相似文献
992.
Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol from Jerusalem artichoke tubers by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Klebsiella pneumoniae</Emphasis> 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Li-Hui Sun Xu-Dong Wang Jian-Ying Dai Zhi-Long Xiu 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2009,82(5):847-852
2,3-Butanediol is one of the promising bulk chemicals with wide applications. Its fermentative production has attracted great
interest due to the high end concentration. However, large-scale production of 2,3-butanediol requires low-cost substrate
and efficient fermentation process. In the present study, 2,3-butanediol production by Klebsiella pneumoniae from Jerusalem artichoke tubers was successfully performed, and various technologies, including separate hydrolysis and fermentation
(SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), were investigated. The concentration of target products reached
81.59 and 91.63 g/l, respectively after 40 h in batch and fed-batch SSF processes. Comparing with fed-batch SHF, the fed-batch
SSF provided 30.3% higher concentration and 83.2% higher productivity of target products. The results showed that Jerusalem
artichoke tuber is a favorable substrate for 2,3-butanediol production, and the application of fed-batch SSF for its conversion
can result in a more cost-effective process. 相似文献
993.
Raimondi S Roncaglia L De Lucia M Amaretti A Leonardi A Pagnoni UM Rossi M 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2009,81(5):943-950
Twenty-two strains of Bifidobacterium, representative of eight major species of human origin, were screened for their ability to transform the isoflavones daidzin
and daidzein. Most of the strains released the aglycone from daidzin and 12 gave yields higher than 90%. The kinetics of growth,
daidzin consumption, and daidzein production indicated that the hydrolytic activity occurred during the growth. The supernatant
of the majority of the strains did not release the aglycone from daidzin, suggesting that cell-associated β-glucosidases (β-Glu)
are mainly responsible for the metabolism of soybean glyco-conjugates. Cell-associated β-Glu was mainly intracellular and
significantly varied among the species and the strains. The lack of β-Glu was correlated with the inability to hydrolyze daidzin.
Although S-equol production by anaerobic intestinal bacteria has been established, information on S-equol-producing bifidobacteria
is contradictory. In this study, 22 bifidobacteria failed to transform daidzein into reduced metabolites under all the experimental
conditions, excluding any role in the reductive pathway of daidzein toward the production of S-equol. These results suggest
that selected probiotic strains of Bifidobacterium can be used to speed up the release of daidzein, improving its bioavailability for absorption by colonic mucosa and/or biotransformation
to S-equol by other intestinal microorganisms. 相似文献
994.
Pingqing Fu Fengchang Wu Cong-Qiang Liu Zhongqing Wei Yingchen Bai Haiqing Liao 《Biogeochemistry》2006,81(2):179-189
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in sediment porewaters from Lake Erhai, Southwest China was investigated using dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, UV absorbance, fluorescence and molecular weight distribution. DOC exhibited a high concentration at the sediment–water interface with a rapid decrease to the oxic–anoxic interface at approximately 7 cm, and then increased with depth. Similar trends were also found for the UV absorption coefficients at 254 and 280 nm in the porewaters. DNA in the sediment was also measured, which confirmed the high abundance of aerobic bacteria in the upper layer of the sediment. Both humic-like (peaks A and C) and protein-like (peaks B and D) fluorescence were observed in the porewater DOM, and their fluorescence intensities exhibited a similar porewater profile as DOC concentration. A strong correlation was found between the peak fluorescence intensity ratio r(A, C) and r(D, B). Both the fluorescence index and UV absorption coefficient at 254 nm suggested a dramatic increase in aromaticity of porewater DOM across the oxic–anoxic interface. Porewater DOM exhibited a multimodal distribution of molecular weight with a relatively low polydispersity. The results of this study offer significant insight into the nature and properties of DOM in freshwater ecosystems. 相似文献
995.
Ying Yang Zhenlong Wu Yue Chen Jian Qiao Mingyu Gao Jianmin Yuan Wei Nie Yuming Guo 《Biometals》2006,19(1):71-81
Magnesium deficiency and oxidative stress have been identified as correlative factors in many diseases. The origin of free
radicals correlated with oxidative damage resulting from Mg-deficiency is unclear at the cellular level. To investigate whether
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is associated in the oxidative stress induced by Mg-deficiency, the effect of Mg2+ deficiency (0, 0.4, 0.7 mM) on the metabolism of H2O2 was investigated in cultured chick embryo hepatocytes. After being cultured in the media with various concentrations of Mg2+ for 1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 days, parameters of H2O2 production, catalase activity, lipid peroxidation, intracellular total Mg and cell viability were analyzed. Results demonstrated
that long-term incubation of chick embryo hepatocyte in extracellular Mg2+-deprivative and Mg2+-deficient (0.4 mM) states significantly enhanced the production of H2O2 (approximately twofold, respectively) and lipid peroxidation in the cell cultures, while decreasing the cell viability. Additionally,
the reversing action of Mg2+ re-added to 1.0 mM and the partial reversing action of dimethylthiourea suggested that (i) [Mg2+]e deficiency induced the increase of H2O2 production, (ii) [Mg2+]e deficiency decreased catalase activity in chick embryo hepatocyte in vitro, subsequently causing oxidative stress and cell peroxidative damage. 相似文献
996.
Yu JW Wu J Zhang Z Datta P Ibrahimi I Taniguchi S Sagara J Fernandes-Alnemri T Alnemri ES 《Cell death and differentiation》2006,13(2):236-249
Mutations in cryopyrin and pyrin proteins are responsible for several autoinflammatory disorders in humans, suggesting that these proteins play important roles in regulating inflammation. Using a HEK293 cell-based reconstitution system that stably expresses ASC and procaspase-1 we demonstrated that neither cryopyrin nor pyrin or their corresponding disease-associated mutants could significantly activate NF-kappaB in this system. However, both cryopyrin and two disease-associated cryopyrin mutants induced ASC oligomerization and ASC-dependent caspase-1 activation, with the disease-associated mutants being more potent than the wild-type (WT) cryopyrin, because of increased self-oligomerization. Contrary to the proposed anti-inflammatory activity of WT pyrin, our results demonstrated that pyrin, like cryopyrin, can also assemble an inflammasome complex with ASC and procaspase-1 leading to ASC oligomerization, caspase-1 activation and interleukin-1beta processing. Thus, we propose that pyrin could function as a proinflammatory molecule. 相似文献
997.
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) functions as an adaptor, positively regulating the NF-kappaB pathway. Here we report a new function of human TRAF6, the direct stimulation of apoptosis. The mechanism of apoptosis induction results from the capacity of human TRAF6 to interact and activate caspase 8. Both the C-terminal TRAF domain of human TRAF6, which directly interacts with the death effector domain of pro-caspase 8, and the N-terminal RING domain, which is required for activation of caspase 8, are necessary for the induction of apoptosis. The role of endogenous TRAF6 in regulating apoptosis was confirmed by extinguishing TRAF6 expression with specific small-hairpin RNA that resulted in diminished spontaneous apoptosis and resistance to induced apoptosis. In contrast to the human molecule, murine TRAF6 displayed less ability to induce apoptosis and a greater capacity to stimulate NF-kappaB activity. Human and murine TRAF6 are similar except in the region between zinc finger 5 and the TRAF domains. Reciprocal transfer of this connecting region completely exchanged the ability of human and murine TRAF6 to induce apoptosis and activate NF-kappaB. Unique regions of TRAF6 therefore play an important role in determining cell fate. 相似文献
998.
Fernando Valladares José Chico Ismael Aranda Luis Balaguer Pierre Dizengremel Esteban Manrique Erwin Dreyer 《Trees - Structure and Function》2002,16(6):395-403
The responses of Quercus robur (oak) and Fagus sylvatica (beech) seedlings to four different light environments (full, 50%, 40% and 15% sunlight) and to a rapid increase in irradiance were explored during the summer, after 2 years of growth in a forest nursery at Nancy (France). Significant differences between the two species were found for most variables. Phenotypic plasticity for morphological variables (root-shoot ratio, leaf size, leaf weight ratio) was higher in beech than in oak, while the reverse was true for anatomical (stomatal density, epidermis thickness, exchange surface area of the palisade parenchyma) and physiological (maximum photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, Rubisco activity) variables. Predawn photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) was higher in oak than in beech in all light environments except in 15% sunlight. Fv/Fm was significantly lower in 100% sunlight than in the other light environments in beech but not in oak. Maximum photosynthetic rates (Amax) increased with increasing light availability in the two species but they were always higher in oak than in beech. Oak exhibited higher Rubisco activity than beech in full sunlight. The transfer of shade-adapted seedlings to the open caused a decrease of Fv/Fm, which was larger for beech than for oak. Transferred oak but not beech plants recovered gradually to the control Fv/Fm values. The decreased chlorophyll content and the increased non-photochemical quenching observed in high-light beech seedlings were not enough to avoid photoinhibition. The results suggest that a greater tolerance of strong irradiance is linked to an enhanced physiological plasticity (variables related to photosynthesis), while shade tolerance relies on an enhanced plasticity in light-harvesting variables (crown morphology and chlorophyll content). 相似文献
999.
Shikazono N Tanaka A Kitayama S Watanabe H Tano S 《Radiation and environmental biophysics》2002,41(2):159-162
To clarify the effect of heavy ions in plants, dry seeds of Arabidopsis were irradiated with carbon, neon, and argon ions with various linear energy transfer (LET) values. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for lethality peaked at LET values over 350 keV/microns for neon and argon ions. This LET giving the peak RBE was higher than the LET of 100-200 keV/microns which was reported to have a maximum RBE for other types of cells, such as mammalian cells. Furthermore, sterility showed a higher RBE at an LET of 354 keV/microns with neon ions than that at an LET of 113 keV/microns with carbon ions. Lethality and sterility are both considered to be caused by damage to DNA. The results indicate that the LET having a maximum of RBE for lethality is higher in Arabidopsis seeds than in other unicellular systems. The most likely explanation for this shift of LET is that the DNA in dry seeds has a different chemical environment and/or hydration state than the DNA in cells in culture. 相似文献
1000.
Munshi HG Ghosh S Mukhopadhyay S Wu YI Sen R Green KJ Stack MS 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2002,277(41):38159-38167
The expression and activity of epithelial proteinases is under stringent control to prevent aberrant hydrolysis of structural proteins and disruption of tissue architecture. E-cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesion is also important for maintenance of epithelial structural integrity, and loss of E-cadherin expression has been correlated with enhanced invasive potential in multiple tumor models. To address the hypothesis that there is a functional link between E-cadherin and proteinase expression, we have examined the role of E-cadherin in proteinase regulation. By using a calcium switch protocol to manipulate junction assembly, our data demonstrate that initiation of de novo E-cadherin-mediated adhesive contacts suppresses expression of both relative matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels and net urinary-type plasminogen activator activity. E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion increases both phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3-kinase)-dependent AKT phosphorylation and epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent MAPK/ERK activation. Pharmacologic inhibition of the PI3-kinase pathway, but not the epidermal growth factor receptor/MAPK pathway, prevents E-cadherin-mediated suppression of proteinases and delays junction assembly. Moreover, inhibition of junction assembly with a function-blocking anti-E-cadherin antibody stimulates proteinase-dependent Matrigel invasion. As matrix metalloproteinase-9 and urinary-type plasminogen activator potentiate the invasive activity of oral squamous cell carcinoma, these data suggest E-cadherin-mediated signaling through PI3-kinase can regulate the invasive behavior of cells by modulating proteinase secretion. 相似文献