三氟氯氰菊酯对棉铃虫神经细胞延迟整流钾电流的抑制作用

用膜片钳技术首次研究了三氟氯氰菊酯对离体培养的棉铃虫中枢神经细胞延迟整流钾通道电流的影响。结果表明,药物作用前有81%和39%的细胞的通道分别在-30 mV 和 -40 mV 激活（n=21）。三氟氯氰菊酯（10^-5 mmol/L）作用15 min后,有63%和38%细胞的通道分别在-40 mV 和 -50 mV 激活（n=8）;作用1 min后电流幅值明显降低,抑制率达到了37.7%（n=19）;加药后激活曲线明显左移且Vh 值变化显著,但k值没有明显变化。实验结果说明,三氟氯氰菊酯作用后,通道更容易激活,但显著抑制电流峰值,导致神经敏感性降低,棉铃虫中枢神经细胞钾通道也是拟除虫菊酯类药物的作用靶标之一。     

CMTM6, the newly identified PD-L1 regulator,correlates with PD-L1 expression in lung cancers

Modulation of Immune check point regulators, especially the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, plays a critical role in successful management of a small proportion of lung cancer patients, but not so effective in the rest of lung cancer patients. A better understanding of immunotherapy non-responsive or resistant patients therefore warranted for future development of novel therapeutics. The newly identified regulator CMTM6 (CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 6) has been reported to serves as the stabilizer of PD-L1 and enhances the inhibitory effect of PD-L1 on immune system in both cell line and animal models, but its clinical relevance associated with PD-L1 is unknown and the current study is designed to address this question. The study using immunohistochemistry demonstrated that CMTM6 positivity from 15 out of 19 types of cancers with our in-house tissue microarray, and PD-L1 expression is always found only in CMTM6 positive cancers. CMTM6 and PD-L1 expression were analyzed in 81 lung cancer patient sample, and we observed that CMTM6 expression correlated with cancer histotypes and inversely correlated with cancer metastases, but not with patients’ age and gender. No PD-L1 expression was observed in negative CMTM6 samples. Higher expression PD-L1 is also associated with higher CMTM6 expression. In summary, CMTM6 expression is associated with PD-L1 expression, as well as lung cancer histotypes and metastasis. The results thus for the first time confirmed earlier reports on CMTM6/PD-L1 connection, from a clinical aspect of analysis.     

脑啡肽-干扰素α-m融合蛋白外用治疗单纯疱疹病毒感染

为探讨脑啡肽-干扰素α-m融合蛋白(EI)外用治疗单纯疱疹病毒感染的作用,分别用HSV-1感染兔子角膜、HSV-2感染豚鼠阴道建立动物感染模型.兔子角膜感染24h后用融合蛋白滴眼液治疗,每天3次,每次0.5ml,共14天.豚鼠阴道感染48h后,用融合蛋白涂剂抹外阴病灶,每天3次,每次10mg,共14天.用IFNα-m和生理盐水/赋形剂作为对照.采用记录病损程度分级法进行临床症消减观察,并于治疗前后测定实验动物病灶病毒滴度、HSV抗体滴度及NK细胞活性.结果显示:与IFNα-m相比,EI治疗组实验动物病毒感染症状大幅减轻且病程缩短,动物病灶中病毒滴度下降,抗HSV抗体滴度升高,NK细胞活性增强.说明脑啡肽干扰素融合蛋白具有较强的消除炎症和局部抗病毒作用,可用于治疗HSV感染引起的疾病.     

不同质量浓度NaNO3对3种微藻生长及总脂肪酸含量和组成的影响

以BG11为基本培养液,研究了不同质量浓度NaNO3(37.5～1 875.0 mg·L-1)对微藻P9(Klebsormidium sp. )、TH6(Oedocladium sp. )和CF5(Stigonema sp. )生长及总脂肪酸含量和组成的影响.结果显示,调整(减少或增加)培养液中NaNO3的质量浓度,对3种微藻的生长量及总脂肪酸含量和脂肪酸组成均有一定的影响;NaNO3的质量浓度较低(37.5或75.0 mg·L-1),3种微藻的鲜质量随培养时间的延长呈先逐渐增加然后略有降低的趋势;而在NaNO3质量浓度为150.0～1 875.0 mg·L-1的条件下,在一定的培养时间(18～33 d)内,3种微藻的鲜质量均逐渐增加;总体上看,3种微藻的生长量随NaNO3质量浓度的提高呈现逐渐增加的趋势,但仅在含1 875.0 mg·L-1 NaNO3的培养液中3种微藻的生长量高于对照(1 500.0 mg·L-1NaNO3).在含375.0 mg·L-1NaNO3的培养液中培养33 d,微藻 P9的总脂肪酸含量最高(25.39%),是对照的 1.79 倍,软脂酸、亚油酸、油酸和硬脂酸的相对含量分别是对照的2.50、2.72、2.24和2.08倍;在含37.5 mg·L-1 NaNO3的培养液中培养33 d,微藻TH6的总脂肪酸含量最高(20.69%),是对照的 1.89倍,软脂酸、亚油酸和油酸的相对含量分别是对照的3.37、1.79和1.92倍;不同处理组间微藻CF5的总脂肪酸含量及组成有一定差异,但随着NaNO3质量浓度的提高变化趋势不明显.研究结果表明,适当提高培养液中的NaNO3浓度对微藻的生长有一定的促进作用,不同种类微藻适宜的NaNO3浓度有一定的差异.综合考虑生长量和总脂肪酸含量及脂肪酸组成等因素,确定适宜于微藻P9、TH6和CF5培养的NaNO3质量浓度分别为375.0、37.5和150.0 mg·L-1.     

Differential ConA-enriched urinary proteome in rat experimental glomerular diseases

Glomerular diseases are leading causes of end-stage renal diseases worldwide. They are considered to be consequences of injury primarily to the three types of glomerular cells. Differential diagnosis typically relies on invasive biopsy findings. We expected that injuries of different glomerular cells would cause different changes in urinary proteome. The goal of this study was to identify differential urinary proteins distinguishing between injuries of different glomerular cells before significant histopathologic changes. Adriamycin nephropathy and Thy1.1 glomerulonephritis were employed as models with different primary impaired cells. ConA-enriched urinary glycoproteome on day3 were profiled by gel-free shotgun tandem mass spectrometry, and compared with self-healthy controls to identify differential urinary proteins for each model. By comparing the changes of the differential proteins between these two models, we identified 39 proteins with different directions of changes, which may potentially be useful in differentiation; and 7 proteins with the same direction of changes, which may be potential indicators of early renal damage. These differential proteins were of several origins: plasma proteins, proteins with urine or kidney specificity, proteins without tissue-specificity (mainly inflammatory mediators) etc. Our results may help better understand the effects of injuries of different glomerular cells at the initial stage, and lead to the discovery of novel early diagnostic markers for human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) which have the same primary impaired cells with adriamycin nephropathy and Thy1.1 glomerulonephritis, respectively.     

乐至黑山羊PRLR基因外显子10多态性与产羔数的关系研究

设计2对特异性引物对乐至黑山羊PRLR基因第10外显子进行了PCR-SSCP检测,并研究该基因与产子性能的相关性。结果表明,P1引物扩增片段不存在多态性;P2引物扩增片段存在多态性,表现为AA,AB,AD和CD 4种基因型,测序结果表明,4种基因型都在该片段第89、94、146和157位存在C→T、A→C、C→G、G→C的突变;此外AA型还在61位发生C→T的突变;AD型还在175位发生A→G的突变;CD型还在24位发生T→C的突变,96位发生C→T的突变,通过统计分析发现AD型平均产羔数优于其他3种基因型,并且与AB型差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)。因此认为PRLR基因对于乐至黑山羊产子性能有一定的影响。     

Ligand Perception,Activation, and Early Signaling of Plant Steroid Receptor Brassinosteroid Insensitive

Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases （LRR-RLKs） belong to a large group of cell surface proteins involved in many aspects of plant development and environmental responses in both monocots and dicots. Brassinosteroid insensitive 1 （BRI1）, a member of the LRR X subfamily, was first identified through several forward genetic screenings for mutants insensitive to brassinosteroids （BRs）, which are a class of plant-specific steroid hormones. Since its identification, BRI1 and its homologs had been proved as receptors perceiving BRs and initiating BR signaling. The co-receptor BRIl-associated kinase 1 and its homologs, and other BRI1 interacting proteins such as its inhibitor BRI1 kinase inhibitor I （BKI1） were identified by genetic andbiochemical approaches. The detailed mechanisms of BR perception by BRI1 and the activation of BRI1 receptor complex have also been elucidated. Moreover, several mechanisms for termination of the activated BRI1 signaling were also discovered. In this review, we will focus on the recent advances on the mechanism of BRI1 phosphorylation and activation, the regulation of its receptor complex, the structure basis of BRI1 ectodomain and BR recognition, its direct substrates, and the termination of the activated BRI1 receptor complex.     

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer reports properties of syntaxin1a interaction with Munc18-1 in vivo

Syntaxin1A, a neural-specific N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor protein essential to neurotransmitter release, in isolation forms a closed conformation with an N-terminal alpha-helix bundle folded upon the SNARE motif (H3 domain), thereby limiting interaction of the H3 domain with cognate SNAREs. Munc18-1, a neural-specific member of the Sec1/Munc18 protein family, binds to syntaxin1A, stabilizing this closed conformation. We used fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to characterize the Munc18-1/syntaxin1A interaction in intact cells. Enhanced cyan fluorescent protein-Munc18-1 and a citrine variant of enhanced yellow fluorescent protein-syntaxin1A, or mutants of these proteins, were expressed as donor and acceptor pairs in human embryonic kidney HEK293-S3 and adrenal chromaffin cells. Apparent FRET efficiency was measured using two independent approaches with complementary results that unambiguously verified FRET and provided a spatial map of FRET efficiency. In addition, enhanced cyan fluorescent protein-Munc18-1 and a citrine variant of enhanced yellow fluorescent protein-syntaxin1A colocalized with a Golgi marker and exhibited FRET at early expression times, whereas a strong plasma membrane colocalization, with similar FRET values, was apparent at later times. Trafficking of syntaxin1A to the plasma membrane was dependent on the presence of Munc18-1. Both syntaxin1A(L165A/E166A), a constitutively open conformation mutant, and syntaxin1A(I233A), an H3 domain point mutant, demonstrated apparent FRET efficiency that was reduced approximately 70% from control. In contrast, the H3 domain mutant syntaxin1A(I209A) had no effect. By using phosphomimetic mutants of Munc18-1, we also established that Ser-313, a Munc18-1 protein kinase C phosphorylation site, and Thr-574, a cyclin-dependent kinase 5 phosphorylation site, regulate Munc18-1/syntaxin1A interaction in HEK293-S3 and chromaffin cells. We conclude that FRET imaging in living cells may allow correlated regulation of Munc18-1/syntaxin1A interactions to Ca(2+)-regulated secretory events.