六六六对于飞蝗蝻期的熏蒸作用

一、前言 六六六不但是一种强有力的胃毒兼接触剂,并且具有相当的熏蒸作用,过去从事研究六六六熏蒸作用的为人不多,Srivastava和Wilson(1947)曾用德国蟑螂,东方天幕毛虫和五种仓库害虫装入金属纱笼里边,在容积二五二.二八立方尺的减压瓶里,分四种方法研究。(1)测定六六六蒸气对以上几种昆虫的熏蒸作用,认为六六六蒸气对於不同种类的昆虫和时期有不同程度的作用。(2)研究六六六     

内蒙古典型草原几种不同植物的生长动态比较

选择内蒙古典型草原羊草 大针茅群落中的优势植物羊草、大针茅、冰草和冷蒿,采用多种数量化指标,分别比较一个生长季内的生长动态、绝对生长速率(AGR)、相对生长速率(RGR)。结果表明:植物地上生物量均呈S形增长,8月中旬达到最大值;主要生长季内受降水不足的抑制作用依次为羊草>冰草>大针茅>冷蒿。羊草和冰草AGR均呈双峰曲线,大针茅呈三峰曲线,冷蒿呈单峰曲线。生长主要集中在中前期,AGR大小依次为冷蒿(0.099g.株-1.d-1)>大针茅(0.029g.株-1.d-1)>羊草(0.003g.株-1.d-1)>冰草(0.002g.株-1.d-1)。RGR与AGR有相似的季节性变化,其中羊草、冰草、冷蒿RGR均呈单峰曲线,大针茅呈三峰曲线;生长季初期RGR均表现出最高,生长潜能较大,7月末至8月中旬呈现负值;4种植物的最大净积累效率依次为冷蒿(0.108g.株-1.d-1.g-1)>大针茅(0.064g.株-1.d-1.g-1)>羊草(0.055g.株-1.d-1.g-1)>冰草(0.042g.株-1.d-1.g-1)。不同生活型的生长曲线及生长速率均存在较大差异,但同属于根茎型的羊草和冰草生长动态曲线明显相似。     

Inhibition of macroautophagy by bafilomycin A1 lowers proliferation and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells

Macroautophagy is a process by which cytoplasmic content and organelles are sequestered by double-membrane bound vesicles and subsequently delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Macroautophagy serves as a major intracellular pathway for protein degradation and as a pro-survival mechanism in time of stress by generating nutrients. In the present study, bafilomycin A₁, a vacuolar type H⁺-ATPase inhibitor, suppresses macroautophagy by preventing acidification of lysosomes in colon cancer cells. Diminished macroautophagy was evidenced by the accumulation of undegraded LC3 protein. Suppression of macroautophagy by bafilomycin A₁ induced G₀/G₁ cell cycle arrest and apoptosis which were accompanied by the down-regulation of cyclin D₁ and cyclin E, the up-regulation of p21^Cip1 as well as cleavages of caspases-3, -7, -8, and -9 and PARP. Further investigation revealed that bafilomycin A₁ increased the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38. In this regard, p38 inhibitor partially reversed the anti-proliferative effect of bafilomycin A₁. To conclude, inhibition of macroautophagy by bafilomycin A₁ lowers G₁-S transition and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Our results not only indicate that inhibitors of macroautophagy may be used therapeutically to inhibit cancer growth, but also delineate the relationship between macroautophagy and apoptosis.     

城市土壤中多环芳烃分布和风险评价研究进展

随着城市化进程的加快,城市土壤中的多环芳烃（PAHs）污染日趋严重.本文从城市土壤中多环芳烃的分布和来源等方面综述了国内外取得的最新研究成果,对影响城市土壤多环芳烃分布的人为因素、自然因素,常见的多环芳烃源解析方法,以及城市土壤多环芳烃污染的风险评价进行了全面的阐述,尤其对地统计学在多环芳烃空间分析及风险评价上的应用进行了总结.最后,对未来城市土壤中多环芳烃研究的重点与发展趋势进行了展望.     

城市化过程中聚落规模与路网密度的动态变化

基于Landsat TM影像和相应时期的道路数据,对1988-2006年南京市聚落占地率和路网密度的变化及相互关系进行了研究.结果表明:1988-2006年研究区聚落规模和道路系统均快速增长,但相对增长速度均随其规模增大而减小,且聚落规模的相对增长速度快于道路;当聚落占地率较小时,聚落占地率和路网密度之比随聚落占地率的增加而迅速上升,当聚落占地率增加至约30%后,比值渐趋稳定,路网密度与聚落占地率将同比增长;聚落占地率及路网密度均随距中心城区距离的增加而下降,但其年均相对增长率在不同区位间及不同时期的差异性,路网密度均小于聚落规模,聚落动态更易受小尺度区位条件的影响.     

FGF21 deletion exacerbates diabetic cardiomyopathy by aggravating cardiac lipid accumulation

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays an important role in energy homoeostasis. The unaddressed question of FGF21's effect on the development and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is investigated here with FGF21 knockout (FGF21KO) diabetic mice. Type 1 diabetes was induced in both FGF21KO and C57BL/6J wild‐type (WT) mice via streptozotocin. At 1, 2 and 4 months after diabetes onset, the plasma FGF21 levels were significantly decreased in WT diabetic mice compared to controls. There was no significant difference between FGF21KO and WT diabetic mice in blood glucose and triglyceride levels. FGF21KO diabetic mice showed earlier and more severe cardiac dysfunction, remodelling and oxidative stress, as well as greater increase in cardiac lipid accumulation than WT diabetic mice. Western blots showed that increased cardiac lipid accumulation was accompanied by further increases in the expression of nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2) and its target protein CD36, along with decreases in the phosphorylation of AMP‐activated protein kinase and the expression of hexokinase II and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma co‐activator 1α in the heart of FGF21KO diabetic mice compared to WT diabetic mice. Our results demonstrate that FGF21 deletion‐aggravated cardiac lipid accumulation is likely mediated by cardiac Nrf2‐driven CD36 up‐regulation, which may contribute to the increased cardiac oxidative stress and remodelling, and the eventual development of DCM. These findings suggest that FGF21 may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of DCM.     

石菖蒲的克藻效应

 石菖蒲(Acorus tatarinowii)抑制藻类的机制除了对光和矿质营养的竞争外，主要是由于石菖蒲根系向水体分泌的化学物质，能伤害和清除藻类(克制作用，Allelopathic effect)；用培养石菖蒲的水培养藻类，可破坏藻类的叶绿素a，使其光合速率、细胞还原TTC的能力显著下降；在荧光显微镜下可看到藻细胞从鲜红色变为淡蓝色。     

少突胶质细胞发育分化的表观遗传学调控研究进展

少突胶质细胞的发育分化是由遗传的和后生的机制共同参与调控的一系列动态过程,其中,对于后生调控机制的研究称为表观遗传学。既往对少突胶质细胞的研究主要集中在相关基因本身的特性研究。近年来,关于寻址组蛋白修饰的研究使我们对少突胶质细胞发育和衰老过程中基因表达的后生调控有了新的认识。这些理论将有助于我们更好地理解脱髓鞘及衰老后髓鞘修复障碍的原因和防治途径。     

西鄂尔多斯六种强旱生植物的花粉形态及其生态因子

为了探讨特殊生境条件下强旱生植物的花粉形态与生态因子的相关性,应用光学显微镜对西鄂尔多斯地区5月份开花的2科5属6种强旱生灌木刺柄叶棘豆(Oxytropis aciphylla Ledeb)、沙冬青[Ammopiptanthus mon-golic (Maxim) Cheng f.]、狭叶锦鸡儿(Caragana stenophylla Pojark)、四合木(Tetraena mongolica Maxim),霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylon Maxim)和柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii Kom)的花粉形态进行了观察和研究.结果表明:花粉粒近球形至长球形,萌发孔主要是3孔沟,沟狭.外壁纹饰主要是细网状纹饰.同时研究了采样点生态因子,包括地理位置、海拔高度、年降水量、年积温及生境等,特别提供了5月份的气候因子,得出这些花粉分布区的主要生态因子.