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101.
A.H. Thompson L.A. Chesson D.W. Podlesak G.J. Bowen T.E. Cerling J.R. Ehleringer 《American journal of physical anthropology》2010,141(3):440-451
We report isotopic data (δ2H, δ18O n = 196; δ13C, δ15N n = 142; δ34S n = 85) from human hair and drinking water (δ2H, δ18O n = 67) collected across China, India, Mongolia, and Pakistan. Hair isotope ratios reflected the large environmental isotopic gradients and dietary differences. Geographic information was recorded in H and O and to a lesser extent, S isotopes. H and O data were entered into a recently developed model describing the relationship between the H and O isotope composition of human hair and drinking water in modern USA and pre‐globalized populations. This has anthropological and forensic applications including reconstructing environment and diet in modern and ancient human hair. However, it has not been applied to a modern population outside of the USA, where we expect different diet. Relationships between H and O isotope ratios in drinking water and hair of modern human populations in Asia were different to both modern USA and pre‐globalized populations. However, the Asian dataset was closer to the modern USA than to pre‐globalized populations. Model parameters suggested slightly higher consumption of locally producedfoods in our sampled population than modern USA residents, but lower than pre‐globalized populations. The degree of in vivo amino acid synthesis was comparable to both the modern USA and pre‐globalized populations. C isotope ratios reflected the predominantly C3‐based regional agriculture and C4 consumption in northernChina. C, N, and S isotope ratios supported marine food consumption in some coastal locales. N isotope ratios suggested a relatively low consumption of animal‐derived products compared to western populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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Hofstede Stefanie N Marang-van de Mheen Perla J Wentink Manon M Stiggelbout Anne M Vleggeert-Lankamp Carmen LA Vliet Vlieland Thea PM van Bodegom-Vos Leti 《Implementation science : IS》2013,8(1):1-11
Background
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common preventable cause of mortality in hospitalized medical patients. Despite rigorous randomized trials generating strong recommendations for anticoagulant use to prevent VTE, nearly 40% of medical patients receive inappropriate thromboprophylaxis. Knowledge-translation strategies are needed to bridge this gap.Methods
We conducted a 16-week pilot cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) to determine the proportion of medical patients that were appropriately managed for thromboprophylaxis (according to the American College of Chest Physician guidelines) within 24 hours of admission, through the use of a multicomponent knowledge-translation intervention. Our primary goal was to determine the feasibility of conducting this study on a larger scale. The intervention comprised clinician education, a paper-based VTE risk assessment algorithm, printed physicians’ orders, and audit and feedback sessions. Medical wards at six hospitals (representing clusters) in Ontario, Canada were included; three were randomized to the multicomponent intervention and three to usual care (i.e., no active strategies for thromboprophylaxis in place). Blinding was not used.Results
A total of 2,611 patients (1,154 in the intervention and 1,457 in the control group) were eligible and included in the analysis. This multicomponent intervention did not lead to a significant difference in appropriate VTE prophylaxis rates between intervention and control hospitals (appropriate management rate odds ratio = 0.80; 95% confidence interval: 0.50, 1.28; p = 0.36; intra-class correlation coefficient: 0.022), and thus was not considered feasible. Major barriers to effective knowledge translation were poor attendance by clinical staff at education and feedback sessions, difficulty locating preprinted orders, and lack of involvement by clinical and administrative leaders. We identified several factors that may increase uptake of a VTE prophylaxis strategy, including local champions, support from clinical and administrative leaders, mandatory use, and a simple, clinically relevant risk assessment tool.Conclusions
Hospitals allocated to our multicomponent intervention did not have a higher rate of medical inpatients appropriately managed for thromboprophylaxis than did hospitals that were not allocated to this strategy. 相似文献107.
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Craig P. Smith Ann T. Woods-Kettelberger Roy Corbett Susan M. Chesson Gina M. Bores Wayne W. Petko Joachim E. Roehr Sathapana Kongsamut 《Neurochemical research》1996,21(5):575-583
Examination of HP 184, [N-n-propyl)-N-(3-fluoro-4-pyridinyl)-1H-3-methylindodel-1-amine hydrochloride], in a variety of tests
for serotonergic activity revealed some unique properties of this compound. We report here that 100 μM HP 184 enhanced spontaneous
release of [3H]serotonin (5-HT) from rat hippocampal slices. This release was independent of the uptake carrier. In vivo assays confirmed
that HP 184 (20 mg/kg, i.p.) lacked significant interactions at the norepinephrine (NE) or 5-HT uptake carrier itself. Notably,
HP 184 (15 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced drinking behavior in schedule-induced polydipsic (SIP) rats. We previously reported that some
selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors decrease SIP 30–40% after a 14–21 day treatment. In the current study, HP 184 decreased
SIP beginning with the first treatment, and this reduction (30%) was maintained for 28 days. We further investigated HP 184
and serotonin metabolite levels. One hour after i.p. administration of 30 mg/kg HP 184, the ratio of whole brain 5-hydroxyindolacetic
acid (5-HIAA) to 5-HT was increased, suggesting serotonergic activation. Under these conditions, the brain: plasma ratio of
HP 184 was approximately 2∶1, with brain concentrations of 1.6 μg/gram. We speculate that the spontaneous release effects
of HP 184 may be responsible for the behavioral effects observed. 相似文献
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