人工灌丛总初级生产力和蒸散对气候变化的响应模拟——以宁夏盐池县荒漠草原区为例

荒漠草原区人工灌丛生态系统的总初级生产力(GPP)和蒸散(ET)如何响应全球气候变化,不仅是全球变化生态学研究的核心问题,也关乎干旱半干旱风沙区生态建设的可持续性。利用参数优化后的生物群区生物地球化学循环(Biome-BGC)模型和气象环境驱动数据,考虑不同气候变化情景和未来趋势,模拟了盐池荒漠草原区人工灌丛生态系统GPP和ET对气候变化的响应。结果表明:(1)增温会显著抑制生态系统的GPP,大幅度的增温(3 ℃)会导致GPP急剧下降,但增温对ET的抑制作用非常微弱;(2)降水是限制ET变化的重要因素,相对于增温诱发干旱胁迫所引起的ET小幅下降,降水多寡则更直接地控制着生态系统的ET大小;(3)中国西北地区未来气候的"暖湿化"趋势和大气CO₂浓度升高会对荒漠草原区人工灌丛生态系统产生综合驱动效应,增强陆地和大气间的碳水交换通量。研究成果可为干旱半干旱区应对全球变化及指导地方政府制定生态保护修复政策提供科学依据。     

基于MODIS的东北地区自然植被生产力对干旱的响应

干旱对全球陆地生态系统影响广泛,中国东北地区干湿分异典型,干旱面积有逐步增大趋势,为了解东北地区自然植被生产力对干旱的响应,基于MODIS公开的数据产品、降水数据和scPDSI,采用统计学方法,在明确2002—2013年东北地区干旱分布特征的基础上,分析自然植被NPP、LAI和CUE的时空变化规律,探究自然植被对独立干旱事件和持续干旱的响应,结果表明:①从2002—2013年平均水平上看,森林的NPP和LAI年平均值明显高于草地,CUE年平均值略低于草地;②森林和草地均通过降低NPP和LAI来应对独立干旱事件,森林的NPP在干旱年过后第3年显著低于干旱前,LAI在干旱年过后第2年显著高于干旱前,而且这种变化效应至少持续到干旱年过后第4年;草地的NPP和LAI仅在独立干旱年当年有显著变化;③随着干旱的持续,森林NPP增加的比例有扩大趋势,LAI_(Baseline)较低的森林在持续干旱时ΔLAI_(Dryn)增加的可能性越大;草地对持续干旱也具有一定的适用能力,而且NPP_(Baseline)、LAI_(Baseline)和CUE_(Baseline)较低的草地,在持续干旱时ΔNPP_(Dryn)、ΔLAI_(Dryn)和ΔCUE_(Dryn)增加的可能性越大;④无论是独立干旱事件还是持续干旱,森林或草地的CUE变化很少达到显著性水平,变化规律的显著性也低于NPP和LAI。该项研究将为提高干旱对自然生态系统影响的评估能力做出贡献。     

Temporal stability and maintenance mechanisms of alpine meadow communities under clipping and fertilization

Negative effects of long‐term overgrazing have been seriously, grasslands temporal stability is an important ecological concern we need to research. Here, we performed a 12‐year‐long (2007–2018) two‐factor controlled experiment on Kobresia humilis meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. The manipulations included three clipping levels (no clipping, NC; moderate clipping, MC; heavy clipping, HC) and two fertilization levels (no fertilization, NF; fertilization, F). Our results revealed that the two clipping manipulations significantly increased the temporal stability of alpine meadow communities, whose significant increase was more pronounced under the MC than HC treatment. Species asynchrony had a significant positive correlation with species abundance along with compound community gradient. Moreover, asynchrony effects, portfolio effects, and facilitation interactions were all present in the communities under the six types of experimental treatment combinations. Additionally, a selection effect was detected in the compound communities, demonstrating characteristics that are common to different mechanisms. There were no significant differences in the effects of these mechanisms on community temporal stability between the NC–NF and MC–NF interactive communities. The portfolio effects predominated when clipping intensity was moderate under both fertilization and nonfertilization conditions. By contrast, in the compound communities, the selection effect predominated. In summary, we conclude that in meadow communities that undergo clipping and fertilization disturbances, facilitation interactions and weak interactions make a greater contribution toward maintaining their temporal stability.     

Metabonomic studies of human hepatocellular carcinoma using high-resolution magic-angle spinning 1H NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with multivariate data analysis

High-resolution magic-angle spinning (MAS) 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been employed to characterize the metabolite composition (i.e., metabonome) of the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor in combination with principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that (a) the metabonomes of both low-grade HCC and high-grade HCC tumors differ markedly from that of the adjacent non-involved tissues; and (b) low-grade HCC tumors have clear differences in metabonome from that of the high-grade HCC tumors. Compared with the non-involved adjacent liver tissues, HCC tumors had elevated levels of lactate, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, leucine, alanine, choline metabolites, and phosphorylethanolamine (PE), but declined levels of triglycerides, glucose, and glycogen. The levels of lactate, amino acids including glutamate, glutamine, glycine, leucine and alanine, choline and phosphorylethanolamine (PE) were higher but the levels of PC, GPC, triglycerides, glucose, and glycogen were lower in high-grade HCC than in low-grade HCC tumors. Compared with non-cirrhotic, low-grade HCC tumors, the cirrhotic, low-grade HCC tumors showed statistically significant increases in lactate, phosphocholine (PC), and glycerophosphocholine (GPC). The necrosis in HCC tumors resulted in a drastic increase in the levels of observable triglycerides, signals of which dominated their 1H NMR spectra. These results indicated that HRMAS combined with PCA offers a useful tool for understanding the tumor biochemistry and classification of liver tumor tissues; such tool may also have some potential for liver tumor diagnosis and prognosis even when some other disease processes are present.     

西沙群岛海域造礁石珊瑚物种多样性与分布特点

2006年3-5月,采用国际通用的截线样带法对海南省西沙群岛主要珊瑚礁海域的18个岛礁造礁石珊瑚进行了实地调查,共记录13科45属188种,其中62个新记录种.整合文献资料,该海域共记录造礁石珊瑚13科50属204种,基本包括分布在我国(不含台湾省)的所有造礁石珊瑚科属和绝大多数种类.造礁石珊瑚以生长速度快的分枝状珊瑚为主.物种多样性最高的是华光礁海域、金银岛海域和永兴岛海域.聚类分析可以把18个调查岛礁分成3个类群:有人类居住的大型环礁群、独立岛礁群和无人居住的大型环礁群(华光礁).为了有效保护珍稀的造礁石珊瑚资源,按照其种类多样性和分布特点重点保护关键海域是十分必要的.     

鸡原始生殖细胞转染条件优化

为获得鸡原始生殖细胞(primordial germ cells,PGCs)的最佳转染效率,本研究比较不同质粒用量和不同细胞数在3种转染试剂(Lipofectamine 2000、3000和LTX&Plus Reagent)中PGCs的转染效率,利用荧光激活细胞分选技术(fluorescence activated cell sorting technology,FACS)辅助优化Lipofectamine 3000转染试剂,经FACS进一步分选获得带绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的PGCs,继续培养3周后,移植回注到受体鸡胚中,移植3.5 d后分离性腺拍照观察。结果显示,转染试剂Lipofectamine 3000的转染效率最高,质粒、Lipofectamine 3000转染试剂和PGCs细胞数的配比为3μg:4μL:0.5×10⁴个,转染5h转染效率最高,达到23.4%,与现有的研究结果相比提高了2倍以上。移植回注PGCs到受体鸡胚中,荧光显微镜观察到鸡胚性腺中有GFP阳性细胞。本研究综合考虑转染试剂、质粒用量和细胞数量的影响因素以优化PGCs的转染条件,为高...     

空心二氧化硅纳米微球包裹的photosan对胃腺癌细胞AGS的杀伤作用

目的:探讨空心二氧化硅纳米微球包裹的photosan(简称纳米化-Photosan)介导的光动力疗法(PDT)对人胃腺癌细胞AGS的杀伤作用。方法:采用人胃腺癌细胞AGS作为研究对象,应用MTT法测定AGS胃癌细胞的生存率和流式细胞分析法检测PDT对AGS胃癌细胞凋亡的影响。结果:MTT实验结果显示,纳米化-Photosan和普通Photosan对人胃腺癌细胞均有明显抑制作用,随纳米化-Photosan和普通photosan的浓度增高,胃癌细胞的生存率明显下降(P<0.05),同等浓度的纳米化-Photosan比普通Photosan对细胞的抑制作用更明显;流式法检测细胞凋亡显示光照剂量相同的条件下,同等浓度的纳米化-Photosan更易引起细胞的凋亡。结论:纳米化-Photosan比普通Photosan能更有效的抑制人胃腺癌细胞增殖,更易引起细胞凋亡。     

Three-dimensional hydrogel culture conditions promote the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into hepatocytes

Background aims

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are becoming increasingly popular in research endeavors due to their potential for clinical application; however, such application is challenging due to limitations such as inferior function and low induction efficiency. In this study, we aimed to establish a three-dimensional (3D) culture condition to mimic the environment in which hepatogenesis occurs in vivo to enhance the differentiation of hiPSCs for large-scale culture and high throughput BAL application.

Generation and characterization of transgenic poplar plants overexpressing a cotton laccase gene

Laccases are copper-containing glycoproteins, which are widespread in higher plants as multigene families. To gain more insight in the function of laccases in plants, especially potential role in lignification, we produced transgenic poplar plants overexpressing a cotton laccase cDNA (GaLAC1) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. As compared with untransformed control plants, transgenic plants exhibited a 2.1- to 13.2-fold increased laccase activity, whereas plant growth rate and morphological characters remained similar to control plants. A 2.1–19.6% increase in total lignin content of the stem was found in transgenic plants. Moreover, transgenic plants showed a dramatically accelerated oxidation rate of phenolics, without obvious change in total phenolic content. Our data suggested that GaLAC1 may participate in lignin synthesis and phenolic metabolism in plants. The present work provided a new genetic evidence for the involvement of plant laccases in lignification.