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71.
There is an apparent allometric relationship between peak frequency of echolocation and body size in rhinophilids. However,
some rhinolophids deviate from this rule. To date this variation has been explained as a result of partitioning of communication
channels. An alternative hypothesis that food resource partitioning results in this divergence in expected frequencies was
tested by comparing prey selection between Rhinolophus macrotis Blyth, 1844 and Rhinolophus lepidus Blyth, 1844 in Yunnan Province, China. These two sympatric species are morphologically similar but acoustically divergent:
R. macrotis has an echolocation frequency significantly lower than that predicted by the allometric relationship, whereas that of R. lepidus agreed with expectations. Prey selection experiments, conducted in a flight tent, indicated that the dominant prey taxa of
R. macrotis were Lasiocampidae, Arctiidae and Noctuidae, whilst that of R. lepidus were Arctiidae, Noctuidae and Ichneumonidae. R. macrotis ate more earless moths and fewer eared moths than R. lepidus, and R. macrotis fed on larger prey in general and captured a wider size range than that captured by R. lepidus. These results confirmed the existence of finely tuned trophic niche differentiation and suggested that food resource partitioning
is one of the factors leading to lower peak frequency of calls in R. macrotis. 相似文献
72.
Biao Gong Cunjia Zhang Xiu Li Dan WenShuoshuo Wang Qinghua Shi Xiufeng Wang 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2014
Soil salinity and alkalinity are common constraints to crop productivity in low rainfall regions of the world. However, the physiological difference of plant response to these two stresses was short of deep investigation. This study has identified a set of differentially expressed proteins of tomato root exploring to NaCl and NaHCO3 stress by iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) assay. A total of 313 proteins responsive to NaCl and NaHCO3 were observed. Among these proteins, 70 and 114 proteins were up-regulated by salt and alkali stress, respectively. While down-regulated proteins were 80 in salt treatment and 83 in alkali treatment. Only 39 up-regulated proteins and 30 down-regulated proteins were shared by salt and alkali stresses. The majority of the down-regulated proteins accounted for metabolism and energy conversion, and the up-regulated proteins were involved in signaling or transport. Compared with salt stress, alkali stress down-regulated proteins related with the respiratory metabolism, fatty acid oxidative metabolism and nitrogenous metabolism of tomato roots, and up-regulated protein with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and ion transport. This study provides a novel insight into tomato roots response to salt and alkali stress at a large translation level. 相似文献
73.
绵羊肌肉中FAS基因和HSL基因的发育性变化及其对肌内脂肪含量的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
选取不同日龄的雄性哈萨克羊和新疆细毛羊共54只,屠宰后取背最长肌,用索氏抽提法检测肌内脂肪(intramuscular fat,IMF)含量,用荧光实时定量PCR法检测肌肉脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)和激素敏感脂肪酶(hormone-sensitive lipase,HSL)基因表达的发育性变化,并分析基因表达对肌内脂肪沉积的影响。结果表明:1)随着日龄的增加,雄性哈萨克羊的IMF含量持续上升,各生长时期差异显著(P<0.05),而新疆细毛羊的IMF含量在各生长时期无显著差异(P>0.05)。雄性哈萨克羊的IMF含量30~90日龄期间极显著高于新疆细毛羊(P<0.01)。2)FAS基因mRNA水平在哈萨克羊肌肉中初生时最高(P<0.05),然后随日龄的增加呈下降趋势;在新疆细毛羊肌肉中,FAS mRNA水平表现出"下降-上升-下降-上升"的发育模式,其中60日龄显著高于90日龄(P<0.05),其余日龄之间差异不显著。HSL基因在2品种绵羊肌肉中的表达模式基本类似,在哈萨克羊肌肉中随年龄的增加而下降,初生时的水平显著高于60~90日龄(P<0.05);在新疆细毛羊中30日龄时达到最高(P<0.01),到60日龄时下降到最低(P<0.05),随后保持这种低表达水平。3)FAS和HSL基因mRNA的表达量均与哈萨克羊IMF含量呈负相关,相关系数分别为:r=-0.485(P=0.02),r=-0.423(P=0.05);在哈萨克羊中两基因表达量水平比值(FAS:HSL)与IMF呈极显著负相关r=-0.552(P=0.01)。在新疆细毛羊中两基因的表达水平及比值均与IMF无显著相关性(P>0.05)。 相似文献
74.
Cyanidin-3-glucoside, a natural product derived from blackberry, exhibits chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ding M Feng R Wang SY Bowman L Lu Y Qian Y Castranova V Jiang BH Shi X 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2006,281(25):17359-17368
Epidemiological data suggest that consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with a lower incidence of cancer. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), a compound found in blackberry and other food products, was shown to possess chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity in the present study. In cultured JB6 cells, C3G was able to scavenge ultraviolet B-induced *OH and O2-* radicals. In vivo studies indicated that C3G treatment decreased the number of non-malignant and malignant skin tumors per mouse induced by 12-O-tetradecanolyphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-initiated mouse skin. Pretreatment of JB6 cells with C3G inhibited UVB- and TPA-induced transactivation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. These inhibitory effects appear to be mediated through the inhibition of MAPK activity. C3G also blocked TPA-induced neoplastic transformation in JB6 cells. In addition, C3G inhibited proliferation of a human lung carcinoma cell line, A549. Animal studies showed that C3G reduced the size of A549 tumor xenograft growth and significantly inhibited metastasis in nude mice. Mechanistic studies indicated that C3G inhibited migration and invasion of A549 tumor cells. These finding demonstrate for the first time that a purified compound of anthocyanin inhibits tumor promoter-induced carcinogenesis and tumor metastasis in vivo. 相似文献
75.
Xingyi Ge Yongquan Wu Meiniang Wang Jun Wang Lijun Wu Xinglou Yang Yuji Zhang Zhengli Shi 《中国病毒学》2013,28(5):280-290
East Lake (Lake Donghu), located in Wuhan, China, is a typical city freshwater lake that has been experiencing eutrophic conditions and algal blooming during recent years. Marine and fresh water are considered to contain a large number of viruses. However, little is known about their genetic diversity because of the limited techniques for culturing viruses. In this study, we conducted a viral metagenomic analysis using a high-throughput sequencing technique with samples collected from East Lake in Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter. The libraries from four samples each generated 234,669, 71,837, 12,820, and 34,236 contigs (> 90 bp each), respectively. The genetic structure of the viral community revealed a high genetic diversity covering 23 viral families, with the majority of contigs homologous to DNA viruses, including members of Myoviridae, Podoviridae, Siphoviridae, Phycodnaviridae, and Microviridae, which infect bacteria or algae, and members of Circoviridae, which infect invertebrates and vertebrates. The highest viral genetic diversity occurred in samples collected in August, then December and June, and the least diversity in March. Most contigs have low-sequence identities with known viruses. PCR detection targeting the conserved sequences of genes (g20, psbA, psbD, and DNApol) of cyanophages further confirmed that there are novel cyanophages in the East Lake. Our viral metagenomic data provide the first preliminary understanding of the virome in one freshwater lake in China and would be helpful for novel virus discovery and the control of algal blooming in the future. 相似文献
76.
半干旱黄土高原地区春小麦地膜覆盖研究概述 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
在黄土高原半干旱地区春小麦上进行的地膜覆盖试验表明,地膜覆盖通过改善耕层土壤生态环境条件,即通过改善水,热状况,活化土壤养分,对提高水分和养分利用效率,实现粮食增产具有重要作用,但近年来在生产实践和科学实验中发现,不合理的长期全生育期地膜覆盖,因在作物生长前期和中期覆膜作物较不覆膜作物生长好,覆膜作物在生长期水分蒸腾损失严重,土壤水分的蒸散(蒸发+蒸腾)损失远比不覆膜土壤严重,在作物生长后期降水少或没有补充灌溉时,会产生严重的水分肋迫现象,显著抑制小穗分化和灌浆,最终导致收获得指数和产量下降,同时,地膜覆盖的增产作用在一定程度上是以耗竭土壤肥力,特别是在有机物质为代 的,因此,不正确的地膜覆盖(如全生育期的地膜覆盖),不仅有时起不到显著的增产作用,而且易造成土壤养分,特别是土壤中硝态氮的累积和损失,肥料利用效率降低,土壤生态条件恶化,下降,难以持续高产,因此在确定地膜覆盖范式时,必须要考虑底墒,作物生育期降水,地膜覆盖的阶段性和氮肥的施用等。 相似文献
77.
Xiaolian Gu Ping Zhuang Feng Zhao Xiaotao Shi Xiaorong Huang Guangpeng Feng Tao Zhang Jianyi Liu Longzhen Zhang Boyd Kynard 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2017,100(1):27-33
Experiments were conducted in artificial stream tanks with juvenile Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis, captured in the Yangtze Estuary to test two null hypotheses (1) juveniles have no preference for white or black substrates, and (2) white or black substrate color has no effect on juvenile feeding efficiency on the barcheek goby,Rhinogobius giurinus, a dark-colored prey of wild juveniles. Juveniles strongly preferred white substrate. However, in feeding tests, feeding efficiency by juveniles was similar on white or black substrates. Thus, substrate color had no effect on feeding efficiency. Results suggest the innate preference for white substrate is not a visual adaptation for capturing prey on a contrasting background, but is an adaptation predisposing juveniles to seek light-colored sandy substrate where forage abundance is greatest. 相似文献
78.
Conversion of 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP) from 1,3-propanediol (PDO) was improved by expressing dehydratase gene (dhaT) and aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (aldD) of Pseudomonas putida KT2442 under the promoter of phaCAB operon from Ralstonia eutropha H16. Expression of these genes in Aeromonas hydrophila 4AK4 produced up to 21 g/L 3HP in a fermentation process. To synthesize homopolymer poly(3-hydroxypropionate) (P3HP), and copolymer poly(3-hydroxypropionate-co-3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HP4HB), dhaT and aldD were expressed in E. coli together with the phaC1 gene encoding polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase gene of Ralstonia eutropha, and pcs' gene encoding the ACS domain of the tri-functional propionyl-CoA ligase (PCS) of Chloroflexus aurantiacus. Up to 92 wt% P3HP and 42 wt% P3HP4HB were produced by the recombinant Escherichia coli grown on PDO and a mixture of PDO+1,4-butanediol (BD), respectively. 相似文献
79.
1α羟化酶活性和血钙水平对24羟化酶基因表达的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:研究肾脏24羟化酶基因表达的影响因素。方法:采用两种基因敲除小鼠。每种小鼠又分两种饲养方式。用生化分析仪测定小鼠血钙浓度。用半定量RT-PCR法研究小鼠肾脏组织中1α羟化酶和24羟化酶基因的表达。结果:1α羟化酶基因敲除小鼠体内血钙低于野生型小鼠(78±10.4 mg/Lvs111±16.5 mg/L,P<0.05.),测不出24羟化酶基因表达。维生素D受体基因敲除小鼠有很高的1α羟化酶表达,小鼠血钙也显著低于野生型小鼠(68±9.8 mg/Lvs111±16.5 mg/L,P<0.05),测不出24羟化酶表达。但给予高乳糖饲料后,两种基因敲除小鼠血钙都上升到与野生型小鼠一致水平。此时,24羟化酶基因的表达与野生型也基本一致。结论:血钙是调节24羟化酶基因表达的直接因素,1α羟化酶对24羟化酶的正向调节作用是通过升高血钙来实现的。 相似文献
80.
耐氧双歧杆菌及其B-CW对荷瘤鼠TNF-α的体内诱导 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4
本文采用放射免疫方法(RIA),检测荷S180肿瘤小鼠外周血中TNF-α的含量,观察双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium)及其细菌壁(CelWalsofBifidobacterium,B-CW)的免疫调节作用,探讨其抗肿瘤机制。结果表明该菌及其B-CW均可明显地促进机体产生TNF-α,发挥抗肿瘤作用 相似文献