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951.
Kartikeya Krothapalli Elizabeth M. Buescher Xu Li Elliot Brown Clint Chapple Brian P. Dilkes Mitchell R. Tuinstra 《Genetics》2013,195(2):309-318
Whole genome sequencing has allowed rapid progress in the application of forward genetics in model species. In this study, we demonstrated an application of next-generation sequencing for forward genetics in a complex crop genome. We sequenced an ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutant of Sorghum bicolor defective in hydrogen cyanide release and identified the causal mutation. A workflow identified the causal polymorphism relative to the reference BTx623 genome by integrating data from single nucleotide polymorphism identification, prior information about candidate gene(s) implicated in cyanogenesis, mutation spectra, and polymorphisms likely to affect phenotypic changes. A point mutation resulting in a premature stop codon in the coding sequence of dhurrinase2, which encodes a protein involved in the dhurrin catabolic pathway, was responsible for the acyanogenic phenotype. Cyanogenic glucosides are not cyanogenic compounds but their cyanohydrins derivatives do release cyanide. The mutant accumulated the glucoside, dhurrin, but failed to efficiently release cyanide upon tissue disruption. Thus, we tested the effects of cyanide release on insect herbivory in a genetic background in which accumulation of cyanogenic glucoside is unchanged. Insect preference choice experiments and herbivory measurements demonstrate a deterrent effect of cyanide release capacity, even in the presence of wild-type levels of cyanogenic glucoside accumulation. Our gene cloning method substantiates the value of (1) a sequenced genome, (2) a strongly penetrant and easily measurable phenotype, and (3) a workflow to pinpoint a causal mutation in crop genomes and accelerate in the discovery of gene function in the postgenomic era. 相似文献
952.
Ling Xu Xiujuan Qu Xuejun Hu Zhitu Zhu Ce Li Enze Li Yanju Ma Na Song Yunpeng Liu 《FEBS letters》2013
Gastric cancer cells are resistant to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and the resistance mechanism is not fully understood. In human gastric cancer MGC803 and BGC823 cells, TRAIL induces insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) pathway activation. Treatment with IGF-1R inhibitor OSI-906 or small interfering RNAs against IGF-1R, prevents IGF-1R pathway activation and increases TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The TRAIL-induced IGF-1R pathway activation is promoted by IGF-1R translocation into lipid rafts. Moreover, the translocation of IGF-1R into lipid rafts is regulated by Casitas B-lineage lymphoma b (Cbl-b). Taken together, TRAIL-induced IGF-1R activation antagonizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis by Cbl-b-regulated distribution of IGF-1R in lipid rafts. 相似文献
953.
Hitoshi Tamiaki Meiyun Xu Takuya Tanaka Tadashi Mizoguchi 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(8):2377-2379
When a pyridine solution of zinc methyl 8-vinyl-mesopyropheophorbide-a was irradiated with visible light in the presence of ethanol, ascorbic acid and diazabicylo[2.2.2]octane under nitrogen at room temperature, zinc (7R/S,8E)-8-ethylidene-bacteriochlorin was obtained via 1,4-hydrogenation. The 1,4-photoreduction is similar to the enzymatic reduction of 8-vinyl-chlorophyllides to (E)-8-ethylidene-bacteriochlorins in anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria producing bacteriochlorophylls-b/g. The resulting zinc 8-ethylidene-bacteriochlorin was readily isomerized to the chemically more stable 8-ethyl-chlorin by further illumination. As a by-product, zinc 8-vinyl-7,8-cis-bacteriochlorin was slightly formed by photoinduced 1,2-hydrogenation of zinc 8-vinyl-chlorin. 相似文献
954.
Yong Guo Yuanyuan Yan Xiaoyan Zhi Chun Yang Hui Xu 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(11):3382-3384
Based on highly selective and irreversible Hg2+-promoted desulfurization reaction, a new and simple phenanthroimidazole-type sensor was prepared and exhibited high selectivity towards Hg2+ ion over other metal ions, accompanied by transformation of a weakly fluorescent thioamide moiety (colorless) to a highly fluorescent amide one (blue), with a 136-fold increase in fluorescent intensity in aqueous solution with a pH span 2.57–9.12. 相似文献
955.
Andrew M.K. Pennell James B. Aggen Subhabrata Sen Wei Chen Yuan Xu Edward Sullivan Lianfa Li Kevin Greenman Trevor Charvat Derek Hansen Daniel J. Dairaghi J.J. Kim Wright Penglie Zhang 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(5):1228-1231
A novel series of CCR1 antagonists based on the 1-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone scaffold was identified by screening a compound library utilizing CCR1-expressing human THP-1 cells. SAR studies led to the discovery of the highly potent and selective CCR1 antagonist 14 (CCR1 binding IC50 = 4 nM using [125I]-CCL3 as the chemokine ligand). Compound 14 displayed promising pharmacokinetic and toxicological profiles in preclinical species. 相似文献
956.
Jian-Hua Liang Wei Lv Xiao-Li Li Kun An Mark Cushman He Wang Ying-Chun Xu 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(5):1387-1393
We report a series of new 9-oxime ether non-ketolides, including 3-hydroxyl, 3-O-acyl and 3-O-alkyl clarithromycin derivatives, and thiophene-containing ketolides 1b–1d. Unlike previously reported ketolide 1a, none of them is comparable to telithromycin. A molecular modeling study was performed to gain insight into the binding mode of alkylides 17–20 with bacterial rRNA and to rationalize the great disparity of their SAR. The 3-O-sidechains of 19 and 20 point to the so-called hydrophilic side of the macrolide ring, as seen in clarithromycin. In contrast, the 3-O-sidechains of 17 and 18 bend to the backside, the so-called hydrophobic side of the macrolide ring. The results clearly indicated the alkylides with improved antibacterial activity might possess a novel binding mode, which is different from clarithromycin and the alkylides with poor activity. 相似文献
957.
958.
959.
Xiao-Zhi Yang Xiao-Juan Diao Wen-Hui Yang Feng Li Guang-Wei He Guo-Qing Gong Yun-Gen Xu 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(7):2089-2092
A novel series of prodrugs containing dabigatran and methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)propenoate (methyl ferulate) were synthesized. All of them reveal the effect of thrombin-induced anti-platelet aggregation in vitro. In addition, in vivo experiment shows that one of the target compounds, X-2 (ED50 = 3.7 ± 1.0 μmol/kg) possesses a more potent activity for inhibiting venous thrombosis than that of dabigatran etexilate (ED50 = 7.8 ± 1.5 μmol/kg). 相似文献
960.
The molecular mechanisms leading to asexuality remain little understood despite their substantial bearing on why sexual reproduction is dominant in nature. Here, we examine the role of hybridization in the origin and spread of obligate asexuality in Daphnia pulex, arguably the best‐documented case of contagious asexuality. Obligately parthenogenetic (OP) clones of D. pulex have traditionally been separated into ‘hybrid’ (Ldh SF) and ‘nonhybrid’ (Ldh SS) forms because the lactase dehydrogenase (Ldh) locus distinguishes the cyclically parthenogenetic (CP) lake dwelling Daphnia pulicaria (Ldh FF) from its ephemeral pond dwelling sister species D. pulex (Ldh SS). The results of our population genetic analyses based on microsatellite loci suggest that both Ldh SS and SF OP individuals can originate from the crossing of CP female F1 (D. pulex × D. pulicaria) and backcross with males from OP lineages carrying genes that suppress meiosis specifically in female offspring. In previous studies, a suite of diagnostic markers was found to be associated with OP in Ldh SS D. pulex lineages. Our association mapping supports a similar genetic mechanism for the spread of obligate parthenogenesis in Ldh SF OP individuals. Interestingly, our study shows that CP D. pulicaria carry many of the diagnostic microsatellite alleles associated with obligate parthenogenesis. We argue that the assemblage of mutations that suppress meiosis and underlie obligate parthenogenesis in D. pulex originated due to a unique historical hybridization and introgression event between D. pulex and D. pulicaria. 相似文献