小麦D^2型光敏性细胞质雄性不育系在不同光照条件下可溶性蛋白的比较分析

小麦Ｄ＾２＋型细胞质与特定的核结合,对长光照（≥１５小时）反应敏感,表现为雄蕊雌化,花粉败育。本实验通过扫描电镜观察了雌蕊横切面,发现有类似于胚珠的结构,但没有胚珠组织,也没有花药壁和花粉粒的结构。同时应用单向ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ技术,对（Ｃ）－Ｎ２６（Ｄ＾２型细胞质）小麦和Ｎ２６（Ｂ型细胞质,核基因组相同）小麦的细胞质可溶性蛋白、叶绿体可溶性蛋白、线粒体可溶性蛋白多钛进行了比较分析,结果表明：在短光     

Binding and transport of SFPQ-RNA granules by KIF5A/KLC1 motors promotes axon survival

Complex neural circuitry requires stable connections formed by lengthy axons. To maintain these functional circuits, fast transport delivers RNAs to distal axons where they undergo local translation. However, the mechanism that enables long-distance transport of RNA granules is not yet understood. Here, we demonstrate that a complex containing RNA and the RNA-binding protein (RBP) SFPQ interacts selectively with a tetrameric kinesin containing the adaptor KLC1 and the motor KIF5A. We show that the binding of SFPQ to the KIF5A/KLC1 motor complex is required for axon survival and is impacted by KIF5A mutations that cause Charcot-Marie Tooth (CMT) disease. Moreover, therapeutic approaches that bypass the need for local translation of SFPQ-bound proteins prevent axon degeneration in CMT models. Collectively, these observations indicate that KIF5A-mediated SFPQ-RNA granule transport may be a key function disrupted in KIF5A-linked neurologic diseases and that replacing axonally translated proteins serves as a therapeutic approach to axonal degenerative disorders.     

休眠期和营养期包囊游仆虫的纤毛器骨架及其微管蛋白

应用光镜和透射电镜术 ,显示了包囊游仆虫休眠细胞中纤毛器骨架的形态 ,并对该纤毛虫休眠细胞和营养细胞的纤毛器及其α、β -微管蛋白进行了免疫荧光定位的比较研究。由免疫荧光显微术显示 ,包囊游仆虫形成休眠包囊后 ,背部毛基体完整地按原有模式保存下来 ;纤毛杆解聚后微管蛋白多集中在细胞皮层 ,小部分均匀散布在细胞质中。据所得结果认为 ,包囊游仆虫形成包囊后 ,微管蛋白主要有 3个去向 ,即 :①处于自噬泡内被逐步消化 ;②以“微管蛋白库”的形式分布于细胞皮层及细胞质中 ;③保留在残留的基体中。此外 ,以往研究中发现的棘毛基部纤维网络未被标记上 ,提示这些纤维体系可能不属于微管系统     

蕙兰根内可培养细菌的物种多样性

以MS基本培养基添加蕙兰菌根浸出液制成的培养基进行分离培养的方法,从野生蕙兰（Cymbidium faberi）根部首次分离到内生细菌。经过分离纯化培养获得纯菌株27株。经过16S rDNA基因序列测序,并与GenBank数据比对,其相似性均在98%以上,分析鉴定结果表明,存活的22株菌可分为8属14种。分别隶属于伯克氏菌属（Burkholderia）、假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）、芽胞杆菌属（Bacillus）、Leifsonia属、贪食菌属（Variovorax）、欧文氏菌属（Erwinia）、Duganella属和不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）。对这些菌株进行分离培养及鉴定有助于理解兰花与微生物之间的相互作用关系,为开发利用这些微生物开辟新的思路。     

应用PAMAM dendrimers作为DNA运送载体的体外研究

Starburst^TM PAMAM dendrimers分子是一类新型的高分枝、辐射状对称的树状高分子,在生理条件下其表面具有高密度的正电荷,可以通过静电相互作用与核酸形成复合物后,介导遗传物质进入细胞.研究了G3, G3.5, G5, G7, G7.5, G9各代dendrimers分子与DNA结合后介导其转染细胞的能力,并初步评价这种复合物转染对细胞活力的影响.实验证实,全代的PAMAM dendrmers皆可与DNA结合,并可在体外培养的细胞中介导高效的DNA转染.PAMAM dendrimer/DNA复合物很稳定,在较大的pH值变化范围内(pH 2～10)不解离.PAMAM dendrimers可保护与之复合的DNA分子免受限制性内切酶的降解.在一定的电荷比范围内,高代数的dendrimers分子与DNA形成的复合物对培养细胞的转染效率高于低代数dendrimer分子,复合物所介导的转染效率在不同的细胞系之间也有差异.在有效作用浓度范围内（≤1.3×10^-1 g/L）,PAMAM dendrimers/DNA复合物对被转染细胞无毒性.但是,未与DNA复合的dendrimers分子在较低浓度时则表现出毒性,表明Starburst^TM PAMAM dendrimers分子可作为新型的低毒非病毒DNA载体,用于介导DNA对体外培养细胞的转染. 这些前期观察,为将纳米级高分子聚合物dendrimers分子作为基因转运载体应用于体内提供了初步的实验依据.     

Decoy engineering of the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase StPBS1 to defend against virus infection in potato

Potato virus Y (PVY) is an important pathogen of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Although the PBS1–RPS5 immune system is well documented in Arabidopsis thaliana, it has not been reported in potato. In Arabidopsis, the bacterial effector AvrPphB cleaves AtPBS1 to trigger an immune response. Here, we show that the AvrPphB-triggered immune response is mediated by StPBS1, a close homologue of AtPBS1 in potato. However, downstream signalling of StPBS1 was mediated by unknown resistance (R) proteins other than potato orthologues of AtRPS5 and HvPBR1, which is important for HvPBS1 signalling in barley. Immune signalling of StPBS1 is mediated by the AvrPphB C-terminal cleavage domain and an STKPQ motif, in contrast to AtPBS1-mediated immunity in which both AvrPphB cleavage fragments and an SEMPH motif are essential. The cleavage sequence of AvrPphB in StPBS1 was replaced with that of the PVY NIa-Pro protease to obtain StPBS1^NIa. StPBS1^NIa overexpression potato displayed stronger immunity to PVY infection than did the StPBS1 transgenic lines. StPBS1^NIa was cleaved at the expected target site by NIa-Pro protease from PVY. Thus, we characterized the function of StPBS1 in potato immunity and provide a biotechnology control method for PVY via transformation of decoy-engineered StPBS1^NIa.     

不同林地清理方式对杉木林土壤肥力的影响

研究了杉木林采伐迹地及采伐后的炼山迹地的土壤物理性质、养分含量、微生物数量和酶活性.结果表明,采伐迹地的非毛管孔隙比杉木林地增加23%,自然含水量和毛管持水量则下降2%;炼山迹地土壤容重比杉木林地增加10%,非毛管孔隙、自然含水量和毛管持水量分别下降61%、48%和26%.采伐迹地有机质、全N、全P和全K含量分别比杉木林地下降14%、14%、3%和22%,炼山迹地分别下降37%、37%、47%和7%.采伐迹地碱解N和有效K含量分别比杉木林地增加24%和31%,有效P含量比杉木林地下降1%;炼山迹地的碱解N、有效P和有效K含量分别比杉木林地下降2%、43%和40%.采伐迹地的细菌、真菌和放线菌数量比杉木林地增加1.4、11.3和0.8倍;炼山迹地细菌数量比杉木林地减少24%,真菌和放线菌数量增加了.0和0.倍.采伐迹地脲酶、过氧化氢酶和纤维素分解酶活性分别为杉木林地1.9、1.6和2.1倍,而炼山迹地分别为后者的3.4%、90%和106%.湿润土壤有机质、全N和全P含量高,疏松多孔的土壤有利于碱解N、速效P、速效K积累和脲酶活性的增加.真菌数量随毛管孔隙的增加而减少.通气良好有利于提高土壤过氧化氢酶活性.     

A Stable Upstream Stem-loop Structure Enhances Selection of the First 5'-ORF-AUG as a Main Start Codon for Translation Initiation of Human ACAT1 mRNA

Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT)is an integral membrane protein, which is mainly locatedin rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and is responsiblefor catalyzing the intracellular formation of cholesterylester from cholesterol and long-chain fatty acyl-coenzymeA [1,2]. Human ACAT1 cDNA K1 was firstly cloned andfunctionally expressed in 1993 [3]. Further studies withspecific anti-ACAT1 antibody (DM10) illustrated that onemajor 50 kD ACAT1 protein was expressed in various…     

基于表达序列标签的微卫星标记(EST-SSRs)研究进展

作为一种新型分子标记,EST-SSR来自表达基因,因而除具备传统基因组来源的SSR标记所有优势外,可能与基因功能表达具有直接或间接关系,从而强化了SSR标记在遗传研究中的应用.本文综述了近几年来EST-SSR用于遗传图谱构建、基因定位、比较基因组学及重要基因筛选和发掘等方面的研究.     

~（60）Co－γ射线诱变柠檬酸产生菌黑曲霉Co9－6的研究

本试验采用￣（６０）Ｃｏ－γ射线对柠檬酸产生菌黑曲霉Ｃｏ９－６进行辐射,经两次处理后选育出Ｌ１２１７和Ｌ８０１两株优良柠檬酸产生菌。中试结果表明菌株Ｌ１２１７较Ｌ８０１更优：产酸率较菌株Ｃｏ９－６提高１７．６％、发酵周期缩短１３．４％、对糖转化率提高１３．３％。