AFLP analysis of genetic diversity and relationship among some Chinese domestic ducks and wild ducks

The amplified fragment length polymorphic(AFLP)technique was used to analyze the genome DNA polymorphism among 8 breeds of domestic ducks and 2 species of wild ducks.Nine of the 17 selected primers pairs gave reproducible polymorphic DNA amplification bands.The amplified bands ranged from 44 to 83 per primer pair.Of the 513 AFLP markers obtained.498 were polymorphic.The proportion of polymorphic loci was 97.1%.The genetic distance(D)and similarity coefficients(GS)were calculated based on the polymorphic data.Between domestic ducks D ranged from 0.331 to 0.589,while between domestic ducks and the wild ducks,it ranged from 0.298 to 0.520(vs.Anas Platyrhynchos)and from 0.316 to 0.522(vs.A.Poecilorhyncha),respectively.The variance analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups of data,which indicated that both mallard and spot-billed ducks made contributions to domestic duck evolution.A dendrogram was constructed according to the D value.     

蜘蛛杀虫肽基因的合成及其在植物中表达质粒的构建

近年来用生物制剂防治害虫,虽然可以避免环境污染,但效果往往不稳定,而用基因工程方法,将抗虫基因导入植物的基因组中,让植物自身产生抗虫物质,将是一种理想的途径［１,２］。抗虫的植物基因工程主要是利用苏云金杆菌的内毒素蛋白,转化此基因的烟草和番茄显示了对虫的抗性［３—６］。澳大利亚Ｄｅａｋｉｎ大学从一种蜘蛛毒液中分离纯化到一种只有３７个氨基酸的小肽,体外实验发现其能杀死多种对农业生产有害的昆虫,但对哺乳动物没有毒害作用［７］。我们根据此肽的氨基酸序列,采用植物偏爱的密码子,人工合成并克隆了此肽的基因…     

脑源性神经营养因子促进海马神经干细胞的存活、增殖及向神经元分化

探讨脑源性神经营养因子(brain derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF)对海马神经干细胞(neural progenitor/stem cells, NPCs)的存活、增殖及分化的影响.采用无血清培养基体外分离、纯化、扩增胎鼠海马NPCs.通过细胞形态观察、nestin免疫荧光染色及血清促分化检测NPCs的干细胞特性; 采用神经球计数及神经球直径测定观察BDNF对NPCs的促增殖作用, 筛选出在适当细胞密度下, 促进NPCs增殖的有效浓度; 采用Tunel染色及全自动生化分析仪测定细胞培养上清液乳酸脱氢酶(lactic dehydrogenase, LDH)的含量探讨BDNF对海马NPCs存活的影响; 采用抗-b-微管蛋白(tubulin) III (Tuj-1)染色检测NPCs分化成神经元的百分率, 同时测定分化神经元突起的长度.分离的海马NPCs表现为nestin 免疫染色阳性, 具有自我增殖能力、且能分化为神经元和星形胶质细胞; 当细胞密度为5×105个/ ml 时, 10～200 ng/ml BDNF能显著促进NPCs的增殖, 其中40 ng/ml BDNF促增殖作用最强, 40 ng/ml BDNF能显著增大神经球直径; 40 ng/ml BDNF 显著减少NPCs的凋亡率(Tunel /DAPI ), 抑制LDH漏出; 40 ng/ml BDNF能显著促进NPCs分化为Tuj-1免疫染色阳性神经元, 且分化后神经元的突起长度显著大于对照组.上述结果提示: BDNF促进海马NPCs的存活、增殖及向神经元方向分化.     

感染羊瘙痒因子263K株或139A株仓鼠脑组织中tau蛋白和磷酸化tau蛋白变化的研究

为探讨朊病毒病的神经病理特征,应用Western blot方法检测了感染羊瘙痒因子263K株或139A株的仓鼠脑组织中总tau蛋白和Ser396和Ser404位点发生磷酸化tau蛋白表达水平的变化;并应用Real Time PCR方法检测了tau mRNAs转录活性的改变。结果表明总tau蛋白含量升高而Ser396和Ser404位点发生磷酸化的tau蛋白含量降低,该现象与羊瘙痒因子毒株类型和临床潜伏期无关;感染羊瘙痒因子的仓鼠脑组织中Tau2和Tau4这两个异构体的转录水平升高。这些结果表明tau蛋白在Ser396和Ser404位点的去磷酸化可能与朊病毒病发病相关。     

过氧化物酶体增殖剂对稻瘟病菌生长发育及致病性的影响

【目的】探索过氧化物酶体增殖剂(Peroxisome proliferators,PPs)对稻瘟病菌生长发育及致病性的影响。【方法】在6种不同的PPs诱导下,观察比较稻瘟病菌过氧化物酶体数量及相关基因表达、生长速率、孢子萌发、附着胞形成与致病性的差异。【结果】在不同的PPs诱导下,稻瘟病菌过氧化物酶体数量均呈现明显的增加,同时过氧化物酶体形成相关基因PEX8、PEX11、PEX14的表达量升高;PPs影响病菌菌丝生长、分生孢子萌发及附着孢形成,并导致致病性的减弱。其中,2,4-D与阿司匹林的抑制效果最为显著。同时,2,4-D与ASA对稻瘟病菌过氧化物酶体形成突变体Δpex5和Δpex7的生长抑制效果与野生菌株相比明显增加。【结论】首次将PPs类化合物用于模式丝状病原真菌稻瘟病菌的研究。研究发现6种PPs均能够引起过氧化物酶体的增殖,并可抑制稻瘟病菌生长发育,降低致病性。     

鼎突多刺蚁群体结构和生活史的研究

本文报告了鼎突多刺蚁(Polyrhachis vicina Roger)的群体结构和生活史。通过研究表明,鼎突多刺蚁一年发生一代,以蚁后、雄蚁、工蚁、幼虫和卵越冬。卵和幼虫在冬天发育停滞(或极慢)。到了春天,随着气温的上升,卵和幼虫又恢复正常发育。据室内人工饲养观察,卵的发育历期为23.8±2.5天(平均温度26℃)幼虫为20.4±4.4天(26℃),工蚁蛹为19.8±5.5天(27℃)。成长工蚁在5—11月出现;8—11月,雄蚁从蛹中羽化;10月,雌蚁从蛹中羽化。雌蚁分飞交尾后,进入邻近蚁巢或回到原巢,脱翅成为蚁后。蚁巢内存在着多后现象。     

重组蛋白质纯化技术

90年代以来 ,基因重组技术得到很大的发展 ,基因工程产品的分离纯化的成本约占其全部成本的 6 0 %～ 80 %,因此重组蛋白的分离纯化技术越来越重要。着重介绍了扩张柱床吸附层析技术 ,径向膜层析技术 ,灌注层析技术 ,液液萃取技术 ,置换层析技术和金属螯合亲和层析技术近年来进展情况以及它们的优缺点和应用范围。     

Methylation protects miRNAs and siRNAs from a 3'-end uridylation activity in Arabidopsis

Small RNAs of 21-25 nucleotides (nt), including small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), act as guide RNAs to silence target-gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. In addition to a Dicer homolog, DCL1, the biogenesis of miRNAs in Arabidopsis requires another protein, HEN1. miRNAs are reduced in abundance and increased in size in hen1 mutants. We found that HEN1 is a miRNA methyltransferase that adds a methyl group to the 3'-most nucleotide of miRNAs, but the role of miRNA methylation was unknown. Here, we show that siRNAs from sense transgenes, hairpin transgenes, and transposons or repeat sequences, as well as a new class of siRNAs known as trans-acting siRNAs, are also methylated in vivo by HEN1. In addition, we show that the size increase of small RNAs in the hen1-1 mutant is due to the addition of one to five U residues to the 3' ends of the small RNAs. Therefore, a novel uridylation activity targets the 3' ends of unmethylated miRNAs and siRNAs in hen1 mutants. We conclude that 3'-end methylation is a common step in miRNA and siRNA metabolism and likely protects the 3' ends of the small RNAs from the uridylation activity.     

Evaluation of oxygen adaptation and identification of functional bacteria composition for anammox consortium in non-woven biological rotating contactor

In this study, the anammox consortium was found to adapt to the wastewater containing dissolved oxygen (DO), as the DO was gradually increased. Batch tests indicated the maximum aerobic ammonium oxidizing activity of the consortium was 1.38mmolNH(4)(+)-N(gVSS)(-1)day(-1), which played key roles in the oxygen consumption process; the maximum anaerobic ammonium oxidizing activity was slightly decreased after long-term oxygen exposure, but only from 21.23mmolNH(4)(+)-N(gVSS)(-1)day(-1) to 20.23mmolNH(4)(+)-N(gVSS)(-1)day(-1). Microbiological community analysis identified two strains similar to Nitrosomonas eutropha were responsible for oxygen consumption, which were able to exist in the autotrophic anaerobic condition for long periods and protect anammox bacteria Planctomycetales from the influence of oxygen. Microbiological composition analysis showed Nitrosomonas and Planctomycetales approximately accounted for 10% and 70% of the bacteria, respectively. The possibility of cultivation anammox consortium in presence of DO will lead to substantial savings of energy and resource in the industrial application.