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排序方式: 共有153条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
21.
Shuklangi A. Kulkarni Vandana Ghormade Girish Kulkarni Manisha Kapoor Santosh B. Chavan Armugam Rajendran 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》2008,18(8):809-828
Metarhizium isolates from soil (53) and insect hosts (10) were evaluated for extracellular production of cuticle degrading enzyme (CDE) activities such as chitinase, chitin deacetylase (CDA), chitosanase, protease and lipase. Regression analysis demonstrated the relation of CDE activities with Helicoverpa armigera mortality. On basis of this relation, ten isolates were selected for further evaluation. Subsequently, based on LT50 of the 10 isolates towards H. armigera, five isolates were selected. Out of these five isolates, three were selected on the basis of higher conidia production (60–75 g/kg rice), faster sedimentation time (ST50) (2.3–2.65 h in 0.1% (w/v) Tween 80) and lower LC50 (1.4–5.7×103 conidia/mL) against H. armigera. Finally, three Metarhizium isolates were selected for the molecular fingerprinting using ITS sequencing and RAPD patterning. All three isolates, M34412, M34311 and M81123, showed comparable RAPD patterns with a 935G primer. These were further evaluated for their field performance against H. armigera in a chickpea crop. The percent efficacies with the three Metarhizium isolates were from 65 to 72%, which was comparable to the chemical insecticide, endosulfan (74%). 相似文献
22.
In rotating biological contactors (RBC), the oxygen mass transfer coefficient (KLa) is often inadequately predicted by the available models. Hence, dimensional analysis based empirical models were developed for predicting KLa and the component of KLa due to turbulence (KLat) using data available in the literature. The overall oxygen transfer number (OTN) and its component due to turbulence (OTNt) were defined as dimensionless groups based on KLa and KLat, respectively. They were expressed as a function of dimensionless groups, formed using disc diameter (D), area of discs (Ad), rotational speed (omega) and cross-sectional area of the tank (At). OTN was also a function of thickness of the water film on the disc (delta) and working volume of the reactor (V). Decrease in number of discs and decrease in (Ad/At) resulted in decreasing OTN but increasing OTNt. Both OTNt and OTN increased with increase in omega. The proposed empirical models will facilitate scale-up of RBCs. 相似文献
23.
Dorothy Guzowski Alamelu Chandrasekaran Craig Gawel Jacqueline Palma Jonathan Koenig Xue Ping Wang Michael Dosik Mark Kaplan Charles C Chu Sangeeta Chavan Richard Furie Emilia Albesiano Nicholas Chiorazzi Leslie Goodwin 《Journal of biomolecular techniques》2005,16(2):154-166
Interleukin-10 (IL10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in a variety of immune- and inflammatory-related diseases. We investigated the following SNPs: -1082, -819, -592 in the promoter region of IL10 in a normal (control) population and selected diseases: breast cancer (BrCa), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and found distinct genotype and haplotype patterns. DHPLC was performed using the Transgenomic WAVE instrument, a mutational discovery tool that allows for high throughout analysis of SNPs. The principle of DHPLC is based on separation of homo- and heteroduplex formation of individual polymerase chain reaction products at specific melting temperatures and set gradients. The melting temperature selected for each SNP was based on size and sequence of the polymerase chain reaction product (for -1082, 57 degrees C; for -819, 58 degrees C; and for -592, 59.2 degrees C). Before fragment mutational analysis, all samples were denatured at 95 degrees C and slowly reannealed to allow for reassociation of different strands. Heteroduplex samples were easily distinguished from homoduplex samples. In order to identify wild type from homozygous mutant, two homoduplex polymerase chain reaction samples had to be mixed together, denatured at 95 degrees C and reannealed. The homozygous mutant, when combined with wild type, displayed a double peak on chromatogram. Once distinct chromatograms were established for each of the SNPs and the nucleotide changes confirmed by sequencing, genotype and haplotype frequencies were tabulated for the groups studied. 相似文献
24.
Modulation of TNF release by choline requires alpha7 subunit nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated signaling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Parrish WR Rosas-Ballina M Gallowitsch-Puerta M Ochani M Ochani K Yang LH Hudson L Lin X Patel N Johnson SM Chavan S Goldstein RS Czura CJ Miller EJ Al-Abed Y Tracey KJ Pavlov VA 《Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)》2008,14(9-10):567-574
The alpha7 subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) is an essential component in the vagus nerve-based cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway that regulates the levels of TNF, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and other cytokines during inflammation. Choline is an essential nutrient, a cell membrane constituent, a precursor in the biosynthesis of acetylcholine, and a selective natural alpha7nAChR agonist. Here, we studied the anti-inflammatory potential of choline in murine endotoxemia and sepsis, and the role of the alpha7nAChR in mediating the suppressive effect of choline on TNF release. Choline (0.1-50 mM) dose-dependently suppressed TNF release from endotoxin-activated RAW macrophage-like cells, and this effect was associated with significant inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. Choline (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) treatment prior to endotoxin administration in mice significantly reduced systemic TNF levels. In contrast to its TNF suppressive effect in wild type mice, choline (50 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to inhibit systemic TNF levels in alpha7nAChR knockout mice during endotoxemia. Choline also failed to suppress TNF release from endotoxin-activated peritoneal macrophages isolated from alpha7nAChR knockout mice. Choline treatment prior to endotoxin resulted in a significantly improved survival rate as compared with saline-treated endotoxemic controls. Choline also suppressed HMGB1 release in vitro and in vivo, and choline treatment initiated 24 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced polymicrobial sepsis significantly improved survival in mice. In addition, choline suppressed TNF release from endotoxin-activated human whole blood and macrophages. Collectively, these data characterize the anti-inflammatory efficacy of choline and demonstrate that the modulation of TNF release by choline requires alpha7nAChR-mediated signaling. 相似文献
25.
Abhijit R. Chavan Anuradha Raghunathan K. V. Venkatesh 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2009,36(4):509-519
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) is a combined process of saccharification of a renewable bioresource
and fermentation process to produce products, such as lactic acid and ethanol. Recently, SSF has been extensively used to
convert various sources of cellulose and starch into fermentative products. Here, we present a study on production of buttery
flavors, namely diacetyl and acetoin, by growing Lactobacillus rhamnosus on a starch medium containing the enzyme glucoamylase. We further develop a structured kinetics for the SSF process, which
includes enzyme and growth kinetics. The model was used to simulate the effect of pH and temperature on the SSF process so
as to obtain optimum operating conditions. The model was experimentally verified by conducting SSF using an initial starch
concentration of 100 g/L. The study demonstrated that the developed kinetic was able to suggest strategies for improved productivities.
The developed model was able to accurately predict the enhanced productivity of flavors in a three stage process with intermittent
addition of starch. Experimental and simulations demonstrated that citrate addition can also lead to enhanced productivity
of flavors. The developed optimal model for SSF was able to capture the dynamics of SSF in batch mode as well as in a three
stage process. The structured kinetics was also able to quantify the effect of multiple substrates present in the medium.
The study demonstrated that structured kinetic models can be used in the future for design and optimization of SSF as a batch
or a fed-batch process.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
26.
David González-Solís Shivaji P. Chavan Pandurang Kannewad Garimella Gyananath 《Systematic parasitology》2014,87(3):273-281
A new nematode species, Rhabdochona (Globochona) puntii n. sp. (Rhabdochonidae), is described based on specimens collected from the intestine of the pool barb Puntius sophore (Hamilton) and Neolissochilus hexastichus (McClelland) (both Cyprinidae) from the Gadhena River, the Western Ghats, Maharashtra State, India. The nematode was also found in Wallago attu (Bloch & Schneider) which probably acts as postcyclic host. Rhabdochona (Globochona) puntii n. sp. differs markedly from its congeners in the body size, the number and distribution of caudal papillae, in the presence of an unpaired papilla-like structure on the anterior cloacal lip, and in having unusual shape and structure of the terminal crown of mucrons. This is the seventh species of the subgenus Globochona Moravec, 1972 reported from freshwater Indian fishes. 相似文献
27.
S.J. Annesley S. ChenL.M. Francione O. SanislavA.J. Chavan C. FarahS.W. De Piazza C.L. StoreyJ. Ilievska S.G. FernandoP.K. Smith S.T. LayP.R. Fisher 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2014
Background
Most neurodegenerative diseases are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. In humans, mutations in mitochondrial genes result in a range of phenotypic outcomes which do not correlate well with the underlying genetic cause. Other neurodegenerative diseases are caused by mutations that affect the function and trafficking of lysosomes, endosomes and autophagosomes. Many of the complexities of these human diseases can be avoided by studying them in the simple eukaryotic model Dictyostelium discoideum.Scope of review
This review describes research using Dictyostelium to study cytopathological pathways underlying a variety of neurodegenerative diseases including mitochondrial, lysosomal and vesicle trafficking disorders.Major conclusions
Generalised mitochondrial respiratory deficiencies in Dictyostelium produce a consistent pattern of defective phenotypes that are caused by chronic activation of a cellular energy sensor AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and not ATP deficiency per se. Surprisingly, when individual subunits of Complex I are knocked out, both AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent, subunit-specific phenotypes are observed. Many nonmitochondrial proteins associated with neurological disorders have homologues in Dictyostelium and are associated with the function and trafficking of lysosomes and endosomes. Conversely, some genes associated with neurodegenerative disorders do not have homologues in Dictyostelium and this provides a unique avenue for studying these mutated proteins in the absence of endogeneous protein.General significance
Using the Dictyostelium model we have gained insights into the sublethal cytopathological pathways whose dysregulation contributes to phenotypic outcomes in neurodegenerative disease. This work is beginning to distinguish correlation, cause and effect in the complex network of cross talk between the various organelles involved. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Frontiers of Mitochondrial Research 相似文献28.
Balwant P. Salunke Sudhir N. Umathe Jagatpalsingh G. Chavan 《Electromagnetic biology and medicine》2014,33(4):312-326
It had been reported that exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELFMF) induces anxiety in human and rodents. Anxiety mediates via the activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, whereas activation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor attenuates the same. Hence, the present study was carried out to understand the contribution of NMDA and/or GABA receptors modulation in ELFMF-induced anxiety for which Swiss albino mice were exposed to ELFMF (50?Hz, 10?G) by subjecting them to Helmholtz coils. The exposure was for 8?h/day for 7, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. Anxiety level was assessed in elevated plus maze, open field test and social interaction test, on 7th, 30th, 60th, 90th and 120th exposure day, respectively. Moreover, the role of GABA and glutamate in ELFMF-induced anxiety was assessed by treating mice with muscimol [0.25?mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.)], bicuculline (1.0?mg/kg i.p.), NMDA (15?mg/kg i.p.) and MK-801 (0.03?mg/kg i.p.), as a GABAA and NMDA receptor agonist and antagonist, respectively. Glutamate receptor agonist exacerbated while inhibitor attenuated the ELFMF-induced anxiety. In addition, levels of GABA and glutamate were determined in regions of the brain viz, cortex, striatum, hippocampus and hypothalamus. Experiments demonstrated significant elevation of GABA and glutamate levels in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. However, GABA receptor modulators did not produce significant effect on ELFMF-induced anxiety and elevated levels of GABA at tested dose. Together, these findings suggest that ELFMF significantly induced anxiety behavior, and indicated the involvement of NMDA receptor in its effect. 相似文献
29.
Zhongliang Ju Sangeeta S. Chavan Daniel J. Antoine Meghan Dancho Teá Tsaava Jianhua Li Ben Lu Yaakov A. Levine Andrew Stiegler Yehuda Tamari Yousef Al-Abed Jesse Roth Kevin J. Tracey Huan Yang 《PloS one》2014,9(8)
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract that affects millions of people worldwide. Although the etiology of IBD is not clear, it is known that products from stressed cells and enteric microbes promote intestinal inflammation. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), originally identified as a nuclear DNA binding protein, is a cytokine-like protein mediator implicated in infection, sterile injury, autoimmune disease, and IBD. Elevated levels of HMGB1 have been detected in inflamed human intestinal tissues and in feces of IBD patients and mouse models of colitis. Neutralizing HMGB1 activity by administration of anti-HMGB1 antibodies or HMGB1-specific antagonist improves clinical outcomes in animal models of colitis. Since HMGB1 binds to DNA with high affinity, here we developed a novel strategy to sequester HMGB1 using DNA immobilized on sepharose beads. Screening of DNA-bead constructs revealed that B2 beads, one linear form of DNA conjugated beads, bind HMGB1 with high affinity, capture HMGB1 ex vivo from endotoxin-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell supernatant and from feces of mice with colitis. Oral administration of B2 DNA beads significantly improved body weight, reduced colon injury, and suppressed colonic and circulating cytokine levels in mice with spontaneous colitis (IL-10 knockout) and with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Thus, DNA beads reduce inflammation by sequestering HMGB1 and may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of IBD. 相似文献
30.
Chavan SS Huerta PT Robbiati S Valdes-Ferrer S Ochani M Dancho M Frankfurt M Volpe BT Tracey KJ Diamond B 《Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)》2012,18(9):930-937
Severe sepsis, a syndrome that complicates infection and injury, affects 750,000 annually in the United States. The acute mortality rate is approximately 30%, but, strikingly, sepsis survivors have a significant disability burden: up to 25% of survivors are cognitively and physically impaired. To investigate the mechanisms underlying persistent cognitive impairment in sepsis survivors, here we developed a murine model of severe sepsis survivors following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to study cognitive impairments. We observed that serum levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a critical mediator of acute sepsis pathophysiology, are increased in sepsis survivors. Significantly, these levels remain elevated for at least 4 wks after CLP. Sepsis survivors develop significant, persistent impairments in learning and memory, and anatomic changes in the hippocampus associated with a loss of synaptic plasticity. Administration of neutralizing anti-HMGB1 antibody to survivors, beginning 1 wk after onset of peritonitis, significantly improved memory impairments and brain pathology. Administration of recombinant HMGB1 to na?ve mice recapitulated the memory impairments. Together, these findings indicate that elevated HMGB1 levels mediate cognitive decline in sepsis survivors, and suggest that it may be possible to prevent or reverse cognitive impairments in sepsis survivors by administration of anti-HMGB1 antibodies. 相似文献